batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l17322-l17443
---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l17322-l17443
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
PREFACE; lines 17322-17443
start: '17322'
end: '17443'
translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation/commentary
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: Translator's notes explain ritual rules around the Kaaba, afterlife geography,
Paradise and Hell signs, rain and resurrection, prophetic missions, divine vengeance
on ancient tribes, Moses and Pharaoh traditions, plagues, the golden calf, and
Muhammad's epithet as unlettered/Gentile. The notes also cite Jewish, Christian,
classical, and Islamic exegetical parallels.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The Koreisch are said to have forbidden food during processions and restricted
clothing at holy places, leading many pilgrims to visit the holy places in nudity.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: A note identifies a referenced group as the Angels of Death.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: A wall called Al Araf is described as the place for persons whose good and
evil works are equal, leaving them assigned to neither Paradise nor Gehenna.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:4
text: The notes state that inhabitants of Paradise and Hell are known by the whiteness
or blackness of their faces.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:5
text: The fruits of Paradise are identified as the referent of a note.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:6
text: Rain is identified as the referent of a note, with Rabbinic parallels calling
rain God's might and connecting it with resurrection.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:7
text: The tribes of Ad and Themoud are said to have disappeared, with Qur'anic traditions
attributing this to divine vengeance.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:8
text: Houd and Saleh are discussed as prophetic or emissary figures whose rejection
may have been recast in Muhammad's presentation.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:9
text: A note compares Saleh's account with a story of a milch camel being killed,
which led to a forty-year tribal war.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:10
text: A verse is said possibly to allude to a famine that had struck Mecca.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:11
text: Moses is said in a cited tradition to perform a miracle before Pharaoh, and
Muhammadan tradition is said to describe Moses as black.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: obs:12
text: Calamities or misfortunes are described as being attributed to Moses or to
Moses' predictions.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: obs:13
text: The notes state that some suras speak of nine plagues and that the flood is
not mentioned in the Scripture account.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: obs:14
text: The golden calf is said in tradition to have lowed because Samal entered into
it.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: obs:15
text: Muhammad is described under the epithet Al-Ummy, glossed as Gentile or unlettered,
referring to his claimed lack of knowledge of earlier Scriptures before Islam's
revelation.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- id: obs:16
text: The tribe of Levi is said in a cited Jewish tradition not to have participated
in the sin of the golden calf.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:18
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Koreisch
description: Meccan group said to impose ritual restrictions on food and clothing
at the Kaaba and other holy places.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Pilgrims
description: Persons visiting holy places, many of whom are said to have done so
naked because of clothing regulations.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Angels of Death
description: Angelic figures identified by the translator's note.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: People on Al Araf
description: Those whose good and evil works are equal and who stand on the wall
between Paradise and Gehenna.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Inmates of Paradise
description: Persons associated with Paradise and recognizable by whiteness of face.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: People of Hell
description: Persons associated with Hell and recognizable by blackness of face.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Noah
description: Prophetic figure whose mission is compared with Rabbinic descriptions.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Ad and Themoud
description: Two tribes north of Mecca whose disappearance is attributed in traditions
to divine vengeance.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Houd
description: Figure discussed as possibly equivalent to Eber or as a rejected Jewish
or Christian emissary in later interpretation.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Saleh
description: Figure discussed through biblical identifications and a possible relation
to camel-killing traditions.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Moses
description: Prophetic figure associated with miracles before Pharaoh, calamities
attributed to him, plagues, and golden calf traditions.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- ev:14
- ev:15
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Pharaoh
description: Ruler before whom Moses is said to perform a miracle in a cited tradition.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Samal
description: Being said in tradition to have entered the calf and caused it to low.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Muhammad
description: Prophetic figure described as Al-Ummy, with discussion of claimed ignorance
of earlier Scriptures and relation to the Koran's miraculous quality.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Tribe of Levi
description: Tribe said in Pirke R. Eliezer not to have been implicated in the golden
calf sin.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:18
roles:
- id: role:1
label: ritual authority
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: They are said to have imposed rules on food and clothing for holy-place processions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: ritual participants
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: They visit the holy places under ritual restrictions.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:3
label: death angels
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The note identifies them as Angels of Death.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:4
label: liminal afterlife group
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: They stand on the wall because their good and evil works are equal.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:5
label: paradise inhabitants
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: They are associated with Paradise and its fruits and identified by whiteness
of face.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:6
label: hell inhabitants
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: They are associated with Hell and identified by blackness of face.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:7
label: prophetic or apostolic figure
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:14
basis: The notes discuss these figures in connection with missions, revelation,
miracles, or the office of apostle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:10
- ev:13
- ev:17
- id: role:8
label: destroyed ancient peoples
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Their disappearance is attributed in tradition to divine vengeance.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:9
label: royal adversary
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: Pharaoh is the ruler before whom Moses' miracle is performed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: role:10
label: animating intruder
assigned_to:
- fig:13
basis: Samal is said to enter the calf and make it low.
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: role:11
label: non-participant in transgression
assigned_to:
- fig:15
basis: The tribe of Levi is said not to have been implicated in the golden calf
sin.
evidence_refs:
- ev:18
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: Kaaba and holy places
literal_form: The Caaba and other holy places visited in procession.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: ritual clothing and nudity
literal_form: Borrowed Meccan garments, consecrated garments, or absence of clothing
at pilgrimage sites.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: Al Araf wall
literal_form: A wall between Paradise and Gehenna on which those with equal good
and evil works stand.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: white and black faces
literal_form: Whiteness marking inmates of Paradise and blackness marking people
of Hell.
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:5
label: fruits of Paradise
literal_form: Fruits belonging to Paradise.
associated_figures:
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:6
label: rain
literal_form: Rain described in Rabbinic comparison as the might and power of God
and linked with resurrection.
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:7
label: camel or cable through needle proverb
literal_form: A proverb involving a camel, or by alternate reading a cable, with
Rabbinic elephant variant.
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:8
label: milch camel
literal_form: A female camel whose killing in a tribal story is compared with Saleh's
account.
associated_figures:
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: sym:9
label: plagues and flood
literal_form: Nine plagues in some suras, with the flood noted as absent from the
Scripture account.
associated_figures:
- fig:11
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: sym:10
label: golden calf
literal_form: A calf that lowed because Samal entered it, according to tradition.
associated_figures:
- fig:11
- fig:13
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- ev:18
- id: sym:11
label: Koran
literal_form: The revealed text whose elegance is discussed as being presented as
miraculous.
associated_figures:
- fig:14
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Pilgrimage restrictions at the Kaaba
summary: The Koreisch impose food and clothing restrictions for processions and
holy-place visits, producing a practice of nude pilgrimage for many participants.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Liminal afterlife wall
summary: Those whose good and evil deeds are equal stand on Al Araf, a wall between
Paradise and Gehenna; Paradise and Hell inhabitants are distinguished by face
color.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:3
label: Rain and resurrection association
summary: Rain is identified and compared with Rabbinic statements that connect rain
with God's power and resurrection.
figure_refs: []
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:4
label: Prophetic rejection and divine vengeance
summary: Noah's mission is compared to Rabbinic descriptions, while the tribes of
Ad and Themoud are said to have disappeared in traditions attributing the event
to divine vengeance; Houd and Saleh are discussed as rejected emissary figures.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: scene:5
label: Moses before Pharaoh and the plagues
summary: Moses is associated with a miracle before Pharaoh, calamities attributed
to him, and nine plagues; the flood is specifically noted as not mentioned in
the Scripture account.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- ev:14
- ev:15
- id: scene:6
label: Golden calf tradition
summary: The golden calf is said to have lowed because Samal entered it, and the
tribe of Levi is said not to have participated in the calf transgression.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
- fig:13
- fig:15
symbol_refs:
- sym:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- ev:18
- id: scene:7
label: Unlettered prophet and miraculous revelation
summary: Muhammad is discussed under the epithet Al-Ummy, with the note describing
his claimed prior ignorance of earlier Scriptures as part of presenting the Koran
as miraculous.
figure_refs:
- fig:14
symbol_refs:
- sym:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: afterlife boundary and judgment by deeds
taxonomy_refs:
- afterlife_journey_map
- divine_judgment
basis: Al Araf is described as a wall between Paradise and Gehenna for those whose
good and evil works are equal, with inhabitants of Paradise and Hell distinguished
by bodily signs.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is a translator's note rather than the primary Qur'anic verse
itself.
- id: motif:2
label: rain linked to resurrection
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
basis: Rain is identified and compared with Rabbinic statements calling it God's
power and connecting it to resurrection.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The resurrection link is given through comparative commentary rather than
the immediate Qur'anic wording in this excerpt.
- id: motif:3
label: destruction of peoples as divine vengeance
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The disappearance of Ad and Themoud is attributed by the traditions adopted
by Muhammad to divine vengeance.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: The note frames the claim historically and comparatively; details of the
punishment are not provided in this passage.
- id: motif:4
label: prophet rejected by a people
taxonomy_refs:
- culture_hero
basis: Houd and Saleh are described as possible emissaries or teachers whose rejection
was recast by Muhammad; Noah's mission is also noted in comparison with Rabbinic
material.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:10
confidence: medium
cautions: Available taxonomy lacks a direct 'rejected prophet' category; culture_hero
is only approximate.
- id: motif:5
label: plagues against Pharaoh
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: The notes associate Moses and Pharaoh with calamities and nine plagues.
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- ev:14
- ev:15
confidence: medium
cautions: The excerpt is explanatory notes and does not narrate the plagues in detail.
- id: motif:6
label: animated idol or golden calf transgression
taxonomy_refs:
- covenant
basis: The golden calf is said to low because Samal entered it, and the tribe of
Levi is said not to be implicated in the calf sin.
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- ev:18
confidence: medium
cautions: The covenant motif is inferred from the golden calf tradition but the
covenant itself is not described in the excerpt.
- id: motif:7
label: unlettered prophet and miraculous scripture
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
basis: Muhammad's epithet Al-Ummy is explained in relation to claimed ignorance
of prior Scriptures and the presentation of the Koran's elegance as miraculous.
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
confidence: medium
cautions: Available taxonomy has no exact 'miraculous revelation' or 'unlettered
prophet' category; wisdom is approximate.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The Al Araf wall is explicitly compared by the note to Purgatory and to Rabbinic
traditions about a boundary between Paradise and Hell.
claim_level: same_function
target: Purgatory and Rabbinic boundary between Paradise and Hell
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The note says the idea may be derived from the Talmud, but the excerpt
alone does not demonstrate historical dependence.
- id: claim:2
claim: The camel-through-a-needle saying is compared with New Testament passages
and with a Rabbinic proverb using an elephant variant.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Gospel and Rabbinic impossible-passage proverb
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The passage discusses wording and variants, not narrative context.
- id: claim:3
claim: The rain-resurrection association is compared with Rabbinic texts that call
rain God's might and connect it with resurrection.
claim_level: same_function
target: Rabbinic rain and resurrection association
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The comparison is supplied by the translator's note and is not developed
in narrative form.
- id: claim:4
claim: Noah's mission is said to be described by the Rabbins in a similar manner.
claim_level: same_function
target: Rabbinic descriptions of Noah's mission
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The note gives citations but no detailed parallel text in this excerpt.
- id: claim:5
claim: Moses' miracle before Pharaoh is compared with Pirke R. Eliezer, which places
the miracle before Pharaoh although the Exodus account does not.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Pirke R. Eliezer tradition of Moses' miracle before Pharaoh
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The exact miracle is not specified in the excerpt.
- id: claim:6
claim: The lowing golden calf animated by Samal is identified as a tradition also
found in the Talmud.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Talmudic tradition of the lowing golden calf
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The note reports a tradition without quoting the Talmudic passage.
- id: claim:7
claim: The epithet Al-Ummy is linguistically compared with Greek terms for lay or
ethnic outsiders and with the Jewish term gojim for those unacquainted with the
Scriptures.
claim_level: linguistic_similarity
target: Greek laic/ethnic terminology and Jewish gojim
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The comparison is lexical and interpretive, not a shared narrative
motif.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 17322-17331, note 6
quote_or_summary: The Koreisch are said to have promoted respect for the Kaaba and
holy places by forbidding food during processions and requiring Meccan-borrowed
or consecrated clothing, so that many pilgrims visited holy places naked.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:2
type: quote
locator: line 17333, note 7
quote_or_summary: '"The Angels of Death."'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 17335-17340, note 8
quote_or_summary: The note compares the proverb with Matthew 19:24, Mark 10:25,
and Luke 18:25; it also discusses camel/cable readings and a Rabbinic elephant
variant.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 17342-17350, note 9
quote_or_summary: Al Araf is described as a wall for those whose good and evil works
are equal; the idea is called analogous to Purgatory and possibly derived from
Talmudic discussions of the distance between Paradise and Hell, with Plato also
cited.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 17352-17354, note 10
quote_or_summary: The note says people will know Paradise's inmates by whiteness
and Hell's people by blackness of their faces.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: line 17358, note 12
quote_or_summary: The note identifies the referent as the fruits of Paradise and
compares Luke 16:19.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 17362-17365, note 14
quote_or_summary: The note identifies rain and says the Rabbins call rain God's
might and power and connect it with resurrection.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 17367-17369, note 15
quote_or_summary: Noah's mission is said to be similarly described by the Rabbins,
with citations to Sanhedrin and Midrash Rabbah.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 17371-17378, note 16
quote_or_summary: Ad and Themoud are described as tribes north of Mecca whose disappearance
Qur'anic traditions attribute to divine vengeance, drawn from popular legends
of Arabia.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 17380-17384, note 17
quote_or_summary: Houd is compared with Eber by Geiger, while Muir suggests Houd
and Saleh may have been rejected Jewish or Christian emissaries and teachers whose
rejection was recast by Muhammad.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: lines 17391-17395, note 20
quote_or_summary: The note suggests the killing of the milch camel of Bass by Koleib,
which led to a forty-year tribal war, may have been worked into Muhammad's account
of Saleh's persecutions.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: lines 17399-17401, note 22
quote_or_summary: A verse may allude to famine at Mecca and help date this part
of the sura.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: lines 17405-17408, note 24
quote_or_summary: The note compares Pirke R. Eliezer, where Moses performs a miracle
before Pharaoh; it also states that Muhammadan tradition says Moses was black.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:14
type: summary
locator: lines 17412-17415, note 26
quote_or_summary: The note glosses a phrase as saying calamities were traced to
Moses, or misfortunes attributed to Moses' predictions.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:15
type: summary
locator: lines 17417-17418, note 27
quote_or_summary: The note says some suras speak of nine plagues and that the flood
is not mentioned in Scripture.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:16
type: summary
locator: lines 17424-17428, note 31
quote_or_summary: The translator adopts Freytag's explanation of the calf and notes
a Talmudic tradition that the calf lowed because Samal entered it.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:17
type: summary
locator: lines 17430-17439, note 32
quote_or_summary: Al-Ummy is explained as Gentile or unlettered, referring to Muhammad's
asserted lack of earlier Scriptural knowledge; the note compares Greek and Jewish
terms and says Muhammad wished to present the Koran's elegance as miraculous.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:18
type: summary
locator: lines 17443, note 35
quote_or_summary: Pirke R. Eliezer is cited as explaining Exodus 32:26 to mean that
the tribe of Levi was not implicated in the sin of the golden calf.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
- id: ev:19
type: summary
locator: line 17443, note 36 within supplied passage end context
quote_or_summary: A note states that the Jews changed a word meaning absolution
or indulgence into a word meaning corn.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
rights_note: Public domain Project Gutenberg/Rodwell text.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is largely translator's commentary and comparative notes rather
than a continuous primary narrative. Motif extraction is therefore based on reported
explanations and cited traditions in the supplied passage only.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
Used only supplied passage text and metadata. Empty or uncertain taxonomy mappings were avoided where no available reference fit.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l17322-l17443
passage_sha256=17178f108233c2be3a519dbdd1507ec2890b2574694e4ace0e0af6990ce1734d