Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l16807-l16947

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l16807-l16947

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l16807-l16947
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 16807-16947
  start: '16807'
  end: '16947'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an)
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage recounts several prophet narratives: the people of Saleh hamstring
    the she-camel and are struck by an earthquake; Lot denounces his people, is delivered
    with his family except his wife, and the wicked receive a rain of punishment;
    Shoaib calls Madian to worship God and honest dealings, is threatened with banishment,
    and his opponents are destroyed by earthquake. The text then generalizes a pattern
    of cities receiving prophets, rejecting signs, and being seized by divine punishment.
    It continues with Moses confronting Pharaoh, showing the signs of the rod becoming
    a serpent and the white hand, and defeating Pharaoh''s enchanters when his rod
    devours their deceptive wonders.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The people hamstrung the she-camel, rebelled against their Lord's command,
    and challenged Saleh to bring the threatened punishment.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: An earthquake overtook Saleh's people, and they were found dead on their faces
    in their dwellings the next morning.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: Lot accused his people of committing a filthy deed and approaching men instead
    of women lustfully.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Lot's people answered by calling for Lot and his companions to be expelled
    from the city.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: Lot and his family were delivered, except his wife, who lingered; a rain was
    sent upon the wicked.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: Shoaib told Madian to worship God alone, give full measures and weights, not
    take others' chattels, and not commit disorder on the earth.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: Shoaib's opponents threatened to banish him and his fellow believers unless
    they returned to the opponents' religion.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: Shoaib declared trust in God and asked God to decide truthfully between him
    and his people.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:9
  text: An earthquake overtook the people who treated Shoaib as an impostor, and they
    were found dead in their dwellings.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage states that no prophet was sent to a city without its people being
    afflicted with adversity and trouble so that they might humble themselves.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: The passage says that if the cities' peoples had believed and feared God,
    blessings from Heaven and Earth would have been opened to them, but they rejected
    the signs and were punished.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: The passage says God can smite inheritors of the land for sins and seal their
    hearts so they do not hear.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:13
  text: The passage says most of the people were not found faithful to their covenant
    and were found perverse.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:14
  text: Moses told Pharaoh that he was an apostle from the Lord of the Worlds and
    asked that the children of Israel be sent away with him.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:15
  text: Moses threw down his rod, and it became a distinct serpent; he also drew forth
    his hand, and it appeared white to the beholders.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:16
  text: Pharaoh's nobles described Moses as an expert enchanter who wanted to expel
    them from their land.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:17
  text: Pharaoh's side summoned skilled enchanters, who asked about reward and were
    promised nearness to Pharaoh if they prevailed.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:18
  text: The enchanters cast down their objects, enchanted the people's eyes, and frightened
    them with a great enchantment.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:19
  text: Moses was instructed to throw down his rod, and it devoured the enchanters'
    lying wonders; truth was strengthened and the enchanters were humiliated.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God / Lord
  description: The divine sender of prophets, giver of signs, deliverer, judge, and
    punisher in the passage.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Saleh
  description: A sent messenger who warned his people and later turned away from them
    after their destruction.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Saleh's people
  description: The group who hamstrung the she-camel, rebelled against their Lord's
    command, challenged Saleh, and died in the earthquake.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: She-camel
  description: The she-camel hamstrung by Saleh's people before their punishment.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Lot
  description: A prophet sent to his people who denounced their conduct and was delivered
    with his family.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Lot's people
  description: The people who rejected Lot's rebuke, called for expulsion, and received
    the punitive rain.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Lot's family
  description: Those delivered with Lot, except for his wife.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Lot's wife
  description: The exception among Lot's family, described as one of those who lingered.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Shoaib
  description: Madian's brother, a messenger who exhorted his people to worship God
    and deal justly.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: People of Madian
  description: The community addressed by Shoaib, including opponents who treated
    him as an impostor and perished.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Chiefs of Shoaib's people
  description: Proud chiefs who threatened Shoaib and the believers with banishment
    unless they returned to the chiefs' religion.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: An apostle sent with signs to Pharaoh and his nobles; he cast the rod
    that became a serpent and devoured the enchanters' wonders.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Pharaoh
  description: The ruler addressed by Moses and the one who promised reward and nearness
    to the enchanters if they prevailed.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Pharaoh's nobles
  description: Nobles who called Moses an expert enchanter and described him as a
    threat to their land.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:15
  name_or_label: Children of Israel
  description: The people Moses asks Pharaoh to send away with him.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:16
  name_or_label: Enchanters
  description: Skilled magicians summoned to oppose Moses; they performed enchantment
    but were defeated and humiliated.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: fig:17
  name_or_label: Moses' brother
  description: Mentioned by Pharaoh's side when they advise delaying Moses and his
    brother.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine sender and judge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God sends prophets with signs, judges between parties, gives or withholds
    blessings, and punishes rejecting peoples.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: role:2
  label: apostle or prophetic messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:9
  - fig:12
  basis: Saleh is called one of the Sent Ones; Lot and Shoaib are sent; Moses identifies
    himself as an apostle.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: rejecting or unbelieving community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  basis: These groups reject warnings, threaten messengers, or treat signs and messengers
    as imposture before punishment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:4
  label: deliverer and punisher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God delivers Lot and his family while sending destructive rain, and sends
    or allows earthquake and wrath against other groups.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:5
  label: faithful counselor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:9
  basis: Saleh and Shoaib each say they proclaimed divine messages and counseled their
    people.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: delivered group
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  - fig:15
  basis: Lot's family is delivered, and Moses asks that the children of Israel be
    sent away with him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
- id: role:7
  label: exception among the delivered household
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Lot's wife is singled out as excluded from the delivered family because she
    lingered.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:8
  label: ruling or elite opponent
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  basis: Chiefs threaten Shoaib, while Pharaoh and his nobles oppose Moses and arrange
    the contest with enchanters.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: role:9
  label: bearer of miraculous signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: Moses displays the rod-serpent and white-hand signs and defeats the enchanters'
    wonders.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: role:10
  label: magical opponent
  assigned_to:
  - fig:16
  basis: The enchanters are summoned to oppose Moses, perform enchantments, and are
    defeated.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: hamstrung she-camel
  literal_form: she-camel
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: earthquake as sudden destruction
  literal_form: earthquake
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: sym:3
  label: punitive rain
  literal_form: rain sent upon Lot's people
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: measures and weights
  literal_form: measures and weights used in trade
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:5
  label: blessings from Heaven and Earth
  literal_form: blessings opened from Heaven and Earth
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: sealed hearts
  literal_form: hearts sealed so that people do not hear
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: Moses' rod
  literal_form: rod cast down by Moses
  associated_figures:
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: sym:8
  label: serpent sign
  literal_form: rod becoming a serpent
  associated_figures:
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:9
  label: white hand sign
  literal_form: Moses' hand appearing white to beholders
  associated_figures:
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:10
  label: devouring rod
  literal_form: Moses' rod devouring the enchanters' lying wonders
  associated_figures:
  - fig:12
  - fig:16
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Saleh's people destroy the she-camel and are struck down
  summary: Saleh's people hamstring the she-camel, rebel, challenge his warning, and
    are destroyed by an earthquake; Saleh then declares that he had delivered the
    message and counsel.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Lot's warning, expulsion threat, deliverance, and punitive rain
  summary: Lot denounces his people's conduct; they respond by seeking his expulsion;
    Lot and his family are delivered except his wife, and rain falls upon the wicked.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Shoaib's admonition to Madian
  summary: Shoaib calls Madian to worship God, use full measures and weights, refrain
    from taking others' goods, avoid disorder, and stop obstructing believers.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Shoaib threatened with banishment and vindicated by judgment
  summary: The chiefs threaten Shoaib and the believers with banishment unless they
    return to the chiefs' religion; Shoaib refuses, trusts God, and the rejecters
    are destroyed by earthquake.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: General pattern of cities, prophets, rejection, and punishment
  summary: 'The passage describes a recurring pattern: cities receive prophets and
    signs, experience adversity and prosperity, reject signs, and are seized by divine
    punishment; faith would have brought blessings from Heaven and Earth.'
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:6
  label: Moses confronts Pharaoh with signs
  summary: Moses identifies himself as an apostle, asks Pharaoh to release the children
    of Israel, and displays the rod-serpent and white-hand signs; Pharaoh's nobles
    interpret him as an enchanter and political threat.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  - fig:15
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:7
  label: Contest between Moses and the enchanters
  summary: Skilled enchanters are summoned, promised reward, and perform a frightening
    enchantment; Moses casts his rod, which devours their deceptive wonders, and they
    are defeated.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:16
  - fig:17
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Rejected messenger followed by divine destruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Saleh, Lot, and Shoaib each confront a rejecting people, and each narrative
    ends with destructive punishment against the rejecters.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents these as theological exempla; the motif label is
    a comparative abstraction.
- id: motif:2
  label: Prophetic warning and faithful counsel rejected
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Saleh and Shoaib both state that they delivered the Lord's message and counseled
    their people, who rejected them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy reference 'wisdom' is broad; the passage emphasizes
    counsel and prophetic warning rather than wisdom teaching alone.
- id: motif:3
  label: Deliverance of a righteous household with an excluded family member
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Lot and his family are delivered, but his wife is excluded as one who lingered.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage gives little detail about the wife beyond her exclusion.
- id: motif:4
  label: Covenant failure of a people
  taxonomy_refs:
  - covenant
  basis: The passage explicitly says that most of them were not found to have kept
    their covenant and were perverse.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The covenant is mentioned generally, without details of its terms in this
    passage.
- id: motif:5
  label: Miraculous sign contest against magicians
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Moses presents signs before Pharaoh, faces summoned enchanters, and his rod
    devours their deceptive wonders, establishing truth over their magic.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: No specific taxonomy motif family in the supplied list directly names
    magical contest.
- id: motif:6
  label: Rod transformed into serpent
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  basis: Moses' rod becomes a serpent and later devours the enchanters' wonders.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The supplied 'serpent' reference is a symbol taxonomy item, not necessarily
    a motif family; the rod transformation itself is literal in the passage.
- id: motif:7
  label: Blessing for belief and punishment for rejecting signs
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage states that belief and fear of God would have opened blessings
    from Heaven and Earth, but rejection of signs led to vengeance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a generalized theological pattern stated by the passage rather
    than a single narrative episode.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: 'Within the passage, the accounts of Saleh''s people, Lot''s people, Shoaib''s
    opponents, and the later general statement about cities share the same narrative
    function: a messenger or sign is rejected, and divine punishment follows.'
  claim_level: same_function
  target: recurring city-prophet-rejection-judgment pattern within this passage
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This comparison is internal to the supplied passage only and does not
    assert historical contact or relationship with any external tradition.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 16807-16817
  quote_or_summary: Saleh's people hamstring the she-camel, rebel, challenge his warning,
    are surprised by an earthquake, and are found dead; Saleh says he had announced
    the Lord's message and counsel.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 16818-16829
  quote_or_summary: Lot rebukes his people for their conduct; they call for expulsion;
    Lot and his family are delivered except his wife, and punitive rain falls on the
    wicked.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 16830-16842
  quote_or_summary: Shoaib tells Madian to worship God alone, use full measures and
    weights, avoid taking others' goods, avoid disorder, and not obstruct believers
    from God's way.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 16843-16857
  quote_or_summary: The chiefs threaten to banish Shoaib and the believers unless
    they return to the chiefs' religion; Shoaib refuses, trusts God, and asks God
    to decide between the parties.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 16858-16869
  quote_or_summary: Opponents warn that following Shoaib means ruin; an earthquake
    overtakes the rejecters, who become as though they had never dwelt there; Shoaib
    says he had proclaimed the messages and counseled them.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 16870-16903
  quote_or_summary: The passage generalizes that cities receiving prophets are afflicted
    with adversity and prosperity, may be seized suddenly, would receive blessings
    if believing, but are punished for treating signs as lies; God can smite inheritors
    and seal hearts.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 16904-16906
  quote_or_summary: The passage says most were not found to keep their covenant and
    most were found perverse.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 16907-16918
  quote_or_summary: God sends Moses with signs to Pharaoh and his nobles; Moses says
    he is an apostle from the Lord of the Worlds and asks Pharaoh to send away the
    children of Israel.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 16919-16928
  quote_or_summary: Moses throws down his rod and it becomes a serpent; he draws forth
    his hand and it appears white; Pharaoh's nobles call him an expert enchanter who
    seeks to expel them from their land.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: 16929-16938
  quote_or_summary: Pharaoh's side delays Moses and his brother while summoning skilled
    enchanters; the enchanters ask whether they will be rewarded if they prevail,
    and Pharaoh promises reward and nearness.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: 16939-16947
  quote_or_summary: The enchanters cast down their objects, enchant the people's eyes,
    and frighten them; Moses is told to throw down his rod, which devours their lying
    wonders, so truth is strengthened and they are humiliated.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied passage. Motif labels are conservative
    abstractions from repeated actions and explicit theological generalizations in
    the passage.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  No external comparisons were added; the only comparison claim is internal to the repeated narrative pattern stated and illustrated in the passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l16807-l16947
  passage_sha256=814f94ed5e822c9442a13459496ec2cc4d54b2e4d388041cb0be97d5d1d7c67b