Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l13842-l13974

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l13842-l13974

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l13842-l13974
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 13842-13974
  start: '13842'
  end: '13974'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage describes God as forgiving, judging, and punishing; recalls
    prior peoples who rejected apostles; depicts heavenly beings praying for believers;
    describes resurrection, recompense, hell, and the Gardens of Eden; and narrates
    Moses confronting Pharaoh, Haman, and Karun, including Pharaoh's threats, a hidden
    believer's warning, and Pharaoh's command to build a tower toward the heavens.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: God is described as forgiving sin, receiving penitence, severe in chastisement,
    long-suffering, and the one to whom the final gathering belongs.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Earlier peoples and confederates are said to have accused their apostles of
    imposture, schemed against them, and were seized in chastisement.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Those who bear and encircle the throne praise God and pray that believers
    be forgiven, protected from hell, and brought into the Gardens of Eden with righteous
    relatives.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The infidels are addressed by a voice and acknowledge being given death twice
    and life twice while asking whether there is a way to escape.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: A day is described when people come forth from their graves, nothing is hidden
    from God, every soul is recompensed, and God reckons swiftly.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The approaching day is associated with hearts rising into throats, lack of
    a prevailing intercessor for evildoers, and God's knowledge of hidden deceit and
    concealed thoughts.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The audience is asked to journey through the land and observe the traces and
    fate of stronger earlier peoples whom God took in their sins.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: Moses is said to have been sent with signs and clear authority to Pharaoh,
    Haman, and Karun, who call him a sorcerer and impostor.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: When Moses comes with truth, his opponents command that the sons of those
    who believe as he does be slain and their females kept alive.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: Pharaoh says he wants to kill Moses and fears Moses will change the people's
    religion or cause disorder in the land; Moses seeks refuge with God from proud
    unbelievers.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: A believer from Pharaoh's family, who hides his faith, argues against killing
    Moses and warns the people of divine vengeance and judgment.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: The hidden believer recalls earlier peoples, including Noah's people, Ad,
    Themoud, and later peoples, as analogues for the feared day.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:13
  text: Joseph is said to have previously brought clear tokens, but the people remained
    in doubt and later said God would not raise up another apostle after him.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:14
  text: Pharaoh commands Haman to build a tower so he may reach the avenues of the
    heavens and mount to the God of Moses; the passage says Pharaoh's artifice ends
    in ruin.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God
  description: The sole deity described as forgiving, punishing, sending signs and
    sustenance, judging, raising the dead, and sending the Spirit to warn.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Infidels / unbelievers
  description: People who gainsay God's signs, reject faith, are warned of fire and
    judgment, and in the Moses narrative oppose God's messenger.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Believers
  description: Those who turn to God and follow God's path; heavenly beings pray for
    their forgiveness, protection, and entry into Eden.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Throne-bearers and encirclers
  description: Heavenly beings who bear and encircle the throne, praise God, believe
    in him, and intercede for believers.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Earlier peoples and confederates
  description: Past peoples, including Noah's people and later confederates, who rejected
    apostles and suffered divine punishment.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:12
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: Messenger sent with signs and clear authority; opposed by Pharaoh,
    Haman, and Karun; seeks refuge with God.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Pharaoh
  description: Ruler who opposes Moses, threatens to kill him, claims guidance for
    his people, and orders Haman to build a tower toward the heavens.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:14
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Haman
  description: Named associate of Pharaoh; Pharaoh commands him to build a tower.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:14
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Karun
  description: Named with Pharaoh and Haman among those to whom Moses is sent and
    who reject him.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Believing man from Pharaoh's family
  description: A member of Pharaoh's family who believes but hides his faith, defends
    Moses, and warns the people.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Joseph
  description: Earlier messenger said to have come with clear tokens, whose message
    was doubted.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine judge and forgiver
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God forgives penitents, punishes rejecters, knows hidden things, and recompenses
    every soul.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: rejecters of signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage says infidels gainsay signs, reject the call to faith, and face
    judgment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: penitent recipients of heavenly prayer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The throne-bearers pray for those who turn to God and follow his path.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: heavenly intercessors
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: They praise God and implore forgiveness, protection, and Eden for believers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: precedent punished nations
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Past peoples rejected apostles and were taken by God in their sins; they
    are cited as warnings.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:12
- id: role:6
  label: apostle with signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  - fig:11
  basis: Moses and Joseph are each described as coming with signs or clear tokens.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:13
- id: role:7
  label: tyrannical opponent of messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Pharaoh threatens Moses, claims he alone guides rightly, and seeks to reach
    the God of Moses through a tower.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:14
- id: role:8
  label: royal associate in opposition
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  basis: Haman and Karun are named with Pharaoh in the rejection of Moses; Haman is
    commanded to build the tower.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:14
- id: role:9
  label: hidden believer and warning counselor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: He hides his faith, argues against killing Moses, and warns of judgment and
    prior punished peoples.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: throne
  literal_form: God's throne borne and encircled by heavenly beings
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:2
  label: fire / hell
  literal_form: Fire and pains of hell assigned to infidels or feared for evildoers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:12
- id: sym:3
  label: Gardens of Eden
  literal_form: Promised gardens into which believers and righteous relatives may
    be brought
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: graves
  literal_form: Graves from which people come forth on the day of meeting
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: signs and proofs
  literal_form: Divine signs, proofs of mission, clear authority, and clear tokens
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
  - ev:13
- id: sym:6
  label: heart in throat
  literal_form: Men's hearts rising into their throats on the approaching day
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: tower to the heavens
  literal_form: A tower built by Haman at Pharaoh's command to reach the avenues of
    the heavens and mount to the God of Moses
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: sym:8
  label: sealed proud heart
  literal_form: God sealing every proud, contumacious heart
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Divine attributes and fate of rejecters
  summary: The passage opens by describing God as forgiving and severe in punishment,
    then recounts earlier communities that rejected apostles and were seized, becoming
    inmates of fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Heavenly prayer for believers
  summary: Throne-bearing and throne-encircling beings praise God and ask that believers
    be forgiven, shielded from hell, and admitted to the Gardens of Eden with righteous
    family members.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Resurrection and judgment
  summary: The passage depicts a day when the dead come from graves, all is visible
    to God, souls are recompensed, evildoers lack intercessors, and hidden intentions
    are known.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Warning from past ruins
  summary: The audience is told to travel through the land and consider the traces
    of mightier earlier peoples whom God punished after they rejected apostles.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Moses opposed by Pharaoh's court
  summary: Moses comes with signs to Pharaoh, Haman, and Karun; his opponents call
    him a sorcerer and impostor, threaten the believers' children, and Pharaoh seeks
    to kill Moses.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: scene:6
  label: Hidden believer's warning
  summary: A believing man from Pharaoh's family, concealing his faith, challenges
    the plan to kill Moses and warns Pharaoh's people by invoking prior punished nations
    and the day of judgment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:10
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: scene:7
  label: Pharaoh's tower and ruin
  summary: Pharaoh orders Haman to build a tower toward the avenues of the heavens
    so he may mount to Moses' God, but the passage states that Pharaoh's stratagem
    ends in ruin.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: final divine judgment with recompense
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage repeatedly describes a day when God judges, recompenses every
    soul, exposes what is hidden, and assigns fire or felicity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The extraction identifies a motif family from explicit judgment language;
    it does not infer details beyond the passage.
- id: motif:2
  label: resurrection from graves
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The text says people will come forth from their graves on the day of meeting
    and describes repeated death and life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives only brief resurrection imagery, not an extended afterlife
    journey.
- id: motif:3
  label: afterlife destinations of fire and garden
  taxonomy_refs:
  - afterlife_journey_map
  basis: Believers are prayed into the Gardens of Eden, while infidels and evildoers
    are associated with fire or hell.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:12
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage names destinations but does not provide a detailed mapped
    itinerary.
- id: motif:4
  label: persecuted messenger opposed by tyrant
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Moses arrives with signs, is accused of sorcery and imposture, and Pharaoh
    seeks to kill him and suppress his followers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: No taxonomy reference is assigned because the supplied motif list has
    no exact messenger-versus-tyrant category.
- id: motif:5
  label: hidden righteous counselor in hostile court
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: A member of Pharaoh's family hides his belief, reasons against killing Moses,
    and warns the people with examples and judgment imagery.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The link to the wisdom motif family is cautious, based on admonitory counsel
    rather than a formal wisdom tale.
- id: motif:6
  label: failed ascent toward heaven by tower
  taxonomy_refs:
  - ascent
  basis: Pharaoh orders a tower built to reach the avenues of the heavens and mount
    to the God of Moses, but the stratagem ends in ruin.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The ascent is intended or claimed rather than successfully completed.
- id: motif:7
  label: precedent nations punished after rejecting apostles
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Past peoples are repeatedly cited as rejecting messengers and then being
    seized or destroyed by God, functioning as warnings to the present audience.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:12
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives selective examples, not full narratives of each nation.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The believing man explicitly compares Pharaoh's people to earlier peoples
    such as Noah's people, Ad, and Themoud as warning examples of communities punished
    after rejecting divine messages.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: earlier punished peoples named in the passage
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This is an internal comparison made by the passage itself; it does
    not establish historical contact or a broader cross-cultural relationship.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage presents the fate of earlier mighty peoples whose traces remain
    in the land as a recurrent warning pattern for the present audience.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: ruined predecessor communities as moral exempla
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The claim is limited to the passage's didactic use of prior ruins and
    does not identify specific archaeological or external traditions.
- id: claim:3
  claim: Pharaoh's tower toward the heavens functions as an attempted ascent motif
    within this passage, ending in ruin rather than successful access to the divine
    realm.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: attempted ascent toward heaven by constructed tower
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage does not compare the tower to another named tower tradition;
    the comparison is to a motif pattern only.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: lines 13842-13846
  quote_or_summary: '"Forgiver of sin, and receiver of penitence," severe in chastisement;
    "to Him shall be the final gathering."'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short quotation used for evidence.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13847-13858
  quote_or_summary: Past peoples, beginning with Noah's people and later confederates,
    charged apostles with imposture, schemed against them, and were punished; infidels
    are assigned to fire.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13859-13874
  quote_or_summary: Throne-bearers and those around it praise God and pray that believers
    be forgiven, saved from hell, and brought into the Gardens of Eden with righteous
    kin.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: lines 13875-13887
  quote_or_summary: 'The infidels say: "Twice, O our Lord, hast thou given us death,
    and twice hast thou given us life" and ask if there is any escape.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short quotation used for evidence.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13896-13906
  quote_or_summary: The Spirit is sent to warn of the day of meeting, when people
    come from their graves, nothing is hidden, and each soul is recompensed without
    injustice.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13907-13918
  quote_or_summary: The approaching day is marked by hearts rising into throats; evildoers
    have no effective friend or intercessor, and God knows the deceitful eye and what
    breasts conceal.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13919-13928
  quote_or_summary: The audience is asked whether they have traveled the land and
    seen the end and remaining traces of earlier, stronger peoples whom God took in
    their sins.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13929-13934
  quote_or_summary: Moses is sent with signs and clear authority to Pharaoh, Haman,
    and Karun, who call him a sorcerer and impostor.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: quote
  locator: lines 13935-13939
  quote_or_summary: 'Moses'' opponents say: "Slay the sons of those who believe as
    he doth, and save their females alive."'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short quotation used for evidence.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13940-13949
  quote_or_summary: Pharaoh asks to kill Moses, fearing religious change or disorder;
    Moses says he takes refuge with his Lord from every proud one who disbelieves
    in reckoning.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13950-13962
  quote_or_summary: A man from Pharaoh's family, a believer who hides his faith, asks
    whether they will kill a man for saying his Lord is God, and warns of God's vengeance.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13963-13974
  quote_or_summary: The hidden believer fears for his people a day like that of the
    allies, Noah's people, Ad, Themoud, and later peoples, and warns of being turned
    back from judgment into hell.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13975-13987
  quote_or_summary: Joseph previously came with clear tokens, but the people doubted
    his message; after his death they claimed God would not raise another apostle,
    and proud hearts are sealed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized from supplied passage text.
- id: ev:14
  type: quote
  locator: lines 13988-13974 supplied passage continuation
  quote_or_summary: Pharaoh tells Haman to build a tower so he may reach "the avenues
    of the heavens" and "mount to the God of Moses"; Pharaoh's artifice ends in ruin.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short quotation used for evidence.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Extraction is based solely on the supplied passage. Some internal locators
    beyond the stated end line appear inconsistent with the supplied passage text,
    so evidence locators should be checked against the canonical markdown.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  No external traditions or source-critical claims were added. Taxonomy references are limited to supplied motif and symbol lists.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l13842-l13974
  passage_sha256=4cd752f4786b50e2948bb2a624daf55348bd86ccb103c0bc3ce4131e6123cb26