Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l13030-l13160

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l13030-l13160

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l13030-l13160
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 13030-13160
  start: '13030'
  end: '13160'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage closes one sura with statements about divine mercy, human religious
    difference, hell, the histories of apostles as warning, return to God, worship,
    and trust. It then opens Sura XIV, Abraham, describing the Book as sent to bring
    people from darkness into light, apostles speaking in their people's language,
    Moses sent with signs, Israel's rescue from Pharaoh's family, and a divine statement
    about gratitude and chastisement. Translator notes compare some earlier sura details
    with Jewish and Islamic reports.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage states that the Lord could have made mankind one religion, but
    that people differ except those granted mercy, and that hell will be filled with
    Djinn and men.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The histories of the Apostles are said to have been related to confirm the
    addressed recipient's heart and to provide truth, monition, and warning for believers.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The passage says that the secret things of the heavens and earth belong to
    God, that all things return to him, and that he should be worshipped and trusted.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The Book is described as sent down so that, by the Lord's permission, people
    may be brought out of darkness into light and into God's path.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:5
  text: The passage states that every Apostle was sent with the speech of his own
    people, and that God misleads whom he wills and guides whom he wills.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:6
  text: Moses is said to have been sent with signs and instructed to bring his people
    from darkness into light and remind them of the days of God.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:7
  text: Moses tells his people to remember God's kindness when he rescued them from
    Pharaoh's family, who imposed cruel affliction, slaughtered male children, and
    allowed females to live.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:8
  text: A divine statement says that thankfulness will bring increase, while thanklessness
    is linked with terrible chastisement.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:9
  text: A translator note reports a comparative tradition in which the throne of God's
    glory stood above the waters at the first creation of heaven and earth.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:10
  text: A translator note reports an anecdote in which Muhammad attributed his gray
    or white hairs to the effect of Sura Hud and related suras.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God / Lord
  description: The divine figure who grants mercy, owns the hidden things of heaven
    and earth, sends down the Book, guides or misleads, rescues Moses' people, and
    threatens chastisement.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Djinn and men
  description: Beings named as those with whom hell will be filled.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Apostles
  description: Figures whose histories are related as warning and who are sent with
    the speech of their own people.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:7
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Addressed recipient / Muhammad
  description: The recipient addressed as receiving histories and the Book; a translator
    note identifies Muhammad in an anecdote about Sura Hud and white hairs.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Infidels / those who believe not
  description: Opponents or unbelievers warned to act and wait; they are described
    as loving the present life, misleading from God's way, and being in error.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: A messenger sent with signs who speaks to his people about God's rescue
    from Pharaoh's family.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Moses' people
  description: The people whom Moses is told to bring from darkness into light and
    whom God rescued from Pharaoh's family.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Family of Pharaoh
  description: The group described as imposing cruel affliction on Moses' people,
    slaughtering male children, and sparing females.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Abu Bekr and Omar
  description: Companions named in the translator note as sitting in the mosque at
    Medina when Muhammad appeared in the white-hair anecdote.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine sovereign and judge
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God owns hidden things, receives the return of all things, sends revelation,
    guides or misleads, and threatens hell or chastisement.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: role:2
  label: messenger or recipient of revelation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  basis: Apostles are sent with the speech of their people; the addressed recipient
    receives histories and the Book; Moses is sent with signs.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: rescued afflicted community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Moses' people are remembered as rescued from Pharaoh's family after cruel
    affliction.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:4
  label: persecuting oppressor group
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Pharaoh's family is described as afflicting Moses' people and killing their
    male children.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:5
  label: warned or judged beings
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  basis: Djinn and men are named in relation to hell; unbelievers are warned and associated
    with punishment and error.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: role:6
  label: prophetic liberator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Moses is commanded to bring his people from darkness into light and recalls
    their rescue from Pharaoh's family.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: darkness and light
  literal_form: The paired image of being brought out of darkness into light.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: sym:2
  label: Book
  literal_form: The Book sent down to the addressed recipient.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:3
  label: signs
  literal_form: The signs with which Moses is sent.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:4
  label: hell
  literal_form: Hell as the place to be filled with Djinn and men.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:5
  label: waters beneath the divine throne
  literal_form: Waters beneath the throne of glory in the translator's cited comparison
    about first creation.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: white hairs
  literal_form: Gray or white hairs attributed in a note to the effect of Sura Hud
    and related suras on Muhammad.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Closing warning and trust in God
  summary: The passage states that human difference, mercy, hell, the histories of
    Apostles, warning, waiting, divine knowledge, return to God, worship, and trust
    are all framed under God's authority.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: The Book brings people from darkness to light
  summary: At the opening of Sura Abraham, the Book is described as sent down so the
    addressed recipient may bring people from darkness into light by God's permission.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:3
  label: Apostles speak in their people's language
  summary: The passage says that every Apostle is sent with the speech of his own
    people so that he may speak plainly to them, while God guides or misleads whom
    he wills.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:4
  label: Moses recalls rescue from Pharaoh's family
  summary: Moses is sent with signs and speaks to his people about God's rescue of
    them from Pharaoh's family, who afflicted them and killed their male children.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:5
  label: Gratitude and chastisement
  summary: A divine statement links thankfulness with increase and thanklessness with
    severe chastisement; Moses adds that God remains rich and praiseworthy even if
    all on earth are thankless.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: scene:6
  label: Translator note on throne above waters
  summary: A note compares a creation statement with Jewish sources describing the
    throne of God's glory above the waters at the first creation.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:7
  label: Translator note on Muhammad's white hairs
  summary: A note recounts Muhammad appearing near Abu Bekr and Omar and attributing
    his white hairs to Sura Hud and related suras.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine judgment and retribution
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Hell is to be filled with Djinn and men; infidels are warned of terrible
    punishment; thanklessness is linked with terrible chastisement.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage states judgment themes directly, but does not elaborate an
    afterlife journey.
- id: motif:2
  label: revelation as guidance from darkness to light
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The Book is sent down to bring people from darkness into light, and Moses
    is similarly commanded to bring his people from darkness into light with signs.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The darkness-light image is metaphorical in translation; the available
    taxonomy has no exact darkness/light category.
- id: motif:3
  label: prophetic deliverance from an oppressive ruler
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  basis: Moses' people are rescued from Pharaoh's family after affliction and the
    killing of male children.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage recalls rescue but does not narrate the full departure or
    exodus sequence in this excerpt.
- id: motif:4
  label: messenger speaks in the language of the people
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage states that no Apostle is sent except with the speech of his
    own people so he may speak plainly to them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Classifying this as a wisdom motif is approximate; the passage frames
    it as communication and guidance.
- id: motif:5
  label: gratitude rewarded and thanklessness punished
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: The divine statement says thankfulness will bring increase, while thanklessness
    is associated with terrible chastisement.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage presents a conditional divine statement, but not a formal
    ritual exchange.
- id: motif:6
  label: divine throne above primordial waters
  taxonomy_refs:
  - chaos
  basis: A translator note cites traditions in which the throne of God's glory stands
    above the waters at the first creation of heaven and earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This motif is present in a translator note comparing traditions, not in
    the Qur'anic lines quoted in this excerpt.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The translator note explicitly compares a creation statement with Jewish
    traditions in Raschi on Genesis 1:2, a later catechism, and Psalm 104:3, all involving
    God's throne or glory above waters.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Jewish creation traditions about the divine throne above the waters
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The comparison is supplied by the translator; the relevant Qur'anic
    verse is not itself fully present in the selected excerpt, only the note is.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The translator note relates the Qur'anic Noah episode to rabbinic traditions
    in which Noah is mocked or questioned about the ark.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Rabbinic Noah flood traditions in Midrash Tanchuma, Sanhedrin, and Midrash
    Rabbah
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The note references a prior narrative outside the selected canonical
    lines; the claim should be checked against the full surrounding sura.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The translator note cautiously links the expression about the oven or reservoir
    boiling up with a rabbinic idea that the generation of the Deluge was punished
    by hot water.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Rabbinic Deluge punishment by hot water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: The note itself attributes the idea to Geiger's interpretation and
    uses cautious wording, so the comparison is speculative.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13030-13038
  quote_or_summary: The Lord could have made mankind one religion; hell will be filled
    with Djinn and men; histories of Apostles confirm the addressed heart and warn
    believers; unbelievers are told to act and wait.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: quote
  locator: lines 13040-13041
  quote_or_summary: '"To God belong the secret things of the Heavens and of the Earth:
    all things return to him"; the passage commands worship and trust.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short quotation.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 3, lines 13051-13056
  quote_or_summary: The note compares a pre-creation statement with Raschi on Genesis
    1:2 and a later catechism, citing a tradition that the throne of God's glory stood
    above the waters at the first creation.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: footnotes 6-7, lines 13068-13079
  quote_or_summary: The notes compare a Noah episode with Midrashic material about
    people scorning Noah and asking about the ark, and discuss an oven or reservoir
    boiling up in relation to rabbinic hot-water punishment traditions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 20, lines 13104-13116
  quote_or_summary: The note recounts Muhammad appearing where Abu Bekr and Omar sat,
    and attributing his white hairs to Sura Hud and its sister suras.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: quote
  locator: Sura XIV opening, lines 13122-13129
  quote_or_summary: The Book is sent down so that the addressed recipient may "bring
    men out of darkness into light"; infidels are warned for loving the present life
    and misleading from God's way.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short quotation.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13131-13134
  quote_or_summary: No Apostle is sent except with the speech of his own people, so
    he may speak plainly; God misleads whom he wills and guides whom he wills.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13136-13142
  quote_or_summary: Moses is sent with signs to bring his people from darkness into
    light, and he tells them to remember God's rescue from Pharaoh's family, who afflicted
    them, slaughtered male children, and spared females.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13144-13150
  quote_or_summary: A divine statement promises increase for thankfulness and terrible
    chastisement for thanklessness; Moses says God remains rich and praiseworthy even
    if all on earth are thankless.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Core Qur'anic motifs are clear in translation. Some comparison claims and
    symbols come from translator footnotes rather than the canonical verse text in
    this selected range, so they require human review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references were limited to the provided motif-family and symbol lists.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l13030-l13160
  passage_sha256=b174a3bf42679508bf5b30ca773969c4fe758de942f1b60eb6ae8b71378e50bc