Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l12899-l13028

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l12899-l13028

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l12899-l13028
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 12899-13028
  start: '12899'
  end: '13028'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage recounts angels instructing Lot to depart by night before the
    destruction of the cities; Shoaib warning Madian against false worship and dishonest
    measure, followed by the deliverance of Shoaib and believers and the destruction
    of the wicked by tempest; Moses being sent to Pharaoh and Pharaoh leading his
    people toward the Fire; and general teachings on ruined cities, resurrection,
    divine recompense, prayer, perseverance, and the non-destruction of righteous
    communities.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Angels identify themselves to Lot as messengers of his Lord and tell him to
    depart with his family during the night.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Lot's party is told not to turn back; Lot's wife is singled out as one upon
    whom the threatened event will fall.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The cities are turned upside down and struck by successive blocks of claystone
    marked by the Lord.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Shoaib is sent to Madian and calls his people to worship God alone and to
    avoid short weight and measure.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Shoaib's people question whether his prayers require them to abandon ancestral
    worship and their preferred use of their property.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: Shoaib warns his people not to draw upon themselves events like those that
    befell the peoples of Noah, Houd, Saleh, and Lot.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: Shoaib's people say he is powerless among them and that they would stone him
    were it not for his family.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: When the decree comes, Shoaib and his believing companions are delivered,
    while the wicked are overtaken by a violent tempest and found prostrate in their
    houses.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: Moses is sent with signs and power to Pharaoh and his nobles, who follow Pharaoh's
    behests.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: Pharaoh is described as heading his people on the day of Resurrection and
    causing them to descend into the Fire.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:11
  text: The passage states that mankind will be gathered on a witnessed day, and that
    no one will speak except by divine leave.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:12
  text: The miserable are assigned the Fire and the blessed are assigned the Garden.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:13
  text: The addressee is instructed to go straight as commanded, avoid leaning on
    evildoers, observe prayer at stated times, and persevere.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:14
  text: The passage states that the Lord would not destroy cities unjustly when their
    inhabitants were righteous.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Angels
  description: Messengers of the Lord who speak to Lot and announce protection and
    departure instructions.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Lot
  description: Recipient of the angels' warning and departure command.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Lot's family
  description: Those instructed to depart with Lot during the night.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Lot's wife
  description: A member of Lot's household singled out as subject to the threatened
    event.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: The Lord / God
  description: The deity who sends messengers, issues decrees, marks the claystone,
    delivers believers, judges cities, and recompenses works.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Shoaib
  description: Brother of Madian who admonishes his people and is delivered with believing
    companions.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: People of Madian
  description: The people addressed by Shoaib regarding worship, measures, goods,
    and corrupt practices.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Shoaib's companions in faith
  description: Believing companions delivered with Shoaib by divine mercy.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Moses
  description: Sent with signs and incontestable power to Pharaoh and his nobles.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Pharaoh
  description: Ruler whose behests are followed and who heads his people on the day
    of Resurrection into the Fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Pharaoh's people and nobles
  description: Those who follow Pharaoh's behests and are associated with his eschatological
    descent into the Fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Miserable ones
  description: Those assigned to the Fire in the eschatological description.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Blessed ones
  description: Those assigned to the Garden in the eschatological description.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: divine messenger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The angels say they are the messengers of Lot's Lord.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: warned recipient of rescue command
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Lot is told that the enemies will not touch him and that he should depart
    by night.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: delivered group
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:8
  basis: Lot's family is instructed to depart, and Shoaib's believing companions are
    delivered by mercy.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:7
- id: role:4
  label: excluded household member
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Lot's wife is singled out as one upon whom the threatened event will fall.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:5
  label: divine judge and deliverer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The Lord sends, decrees, destroys wicked cities, delivers believers, gathers
    mankind, and recompenses works.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
- id: role:6
  label: admonishing prophet
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Shoaib calls Madian to worship God, use fair measures, repent, and await
    divine outcome.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: role:7
  label: admonished corrupt community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Madian is warned against false worship, dishonest measure, injustice, and
    corrupt practices, and the wicked are struck by tempest.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
- id: role:8
  label: sent prophet with signs
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Moses is said to be sent with signs and incontestable power.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:9
  label: unrighteous leader
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Pharaoh's behests are called unrighteous, and he leads his people toward
    the Fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:10
  label: followers of unrighteous leader
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: The nobles follow Pharaoh's behests and his people are led by him on the
    day of Resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:11
  label: eschatological condemned
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: Those consigned to misery have the Fire as their place.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: role:12
  label: eschatological blessed
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: The blessed have the Garden as their place.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: night departure
  literal_form: Departure with family in the dead of night
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: not turning back
  literal_form: Instruction that none of Lot's party should turn back
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: overturned cities
  literal_form: Cities turned upside down
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: marked claystone blocks
  literal_form: Blocks of claystone rained down and marked by the Lord
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: weight and measure
  literal_form: Weight and measure, to be given fairly rather than shortened
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: violent tempest
  literal_form: A violent tempest overtaking the wicked of Madian
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:7
  label: Fire
  literal_form: The Fire as the place of the miserable and the destination associated
    with Pharaoh's people
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: sym:8
  label: Garden
  literal_form: The Garden as the place of the blessed
  associated_figures:
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: sym:9
  label: Book
  literal_form: The Book given to Moses
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Angels warn Lot and command night departure
  summary: Angels tell Lot that they are divine messengers, that the hostile people
    will not touch him, and that he should leave with his family at night without
    turning back, while his wife is marked for the same fate as the others.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Overturning and stoning of the cities
  summary: When the decree comes, the cities are overturned and struck with successive
    marked blocks of claystone.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Shoaib admonishes Madian
  summary: Shoaib calls Madian to worship God alone, use fair weight and measure,
    avoid purloining goods, and cease corrupt practices.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Madian resists Shoaib's message
  summary: Shoaib's people object to abandoning ancestral worship and claim he is
    powerless, threatening stoning were it not for his family.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: Deliverance of Shoaib and destruction of the wicked
  summary: The decree arrives; Shoaib and his believing companions are delivered by
    mercy, while a violent tempest overtakes the wicked, leaving them prostrate in
    their houses.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:6
  label: Moses, Pharaoh, and eschatological descent
  summary: Moses is sent with signs to Pharaoh and his nobles, who follow Pharaoh;
    Pharaoh is said to lead his people on the day of Resurrection into the Fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:7
  label: Gathering and division on the latter day
  summary: The passage describes a future witnessed day when mankind is gathered,
    speech occurs only by divine leave, and people are divided into miserable and
    blessed groups assigned to Fire and Garden.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: scene:8
  label: Exhortation to straightness, prayer, and perseverance
  summary: The addressee and those turned to God are instructed to go straight, avoid
    reliance on evildoers, observe prayer at stated times, and persevere, with a final
    statement that righteous inhabitants are not unjustly destroyed.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: warned righteous household departs before city destruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Lot is told to depart with his family by night before the cities are overturned
    and struck with marked claystone.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is a translated Qur'anic retelling; extraction is limited
    to this line range.
- id: motif:2
  label: forbidden backward glance or return during escape
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  basis: Lot's household is instructed not to turn back, and Lot's wife is excluded
    from safety.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage states the instruction and the wife's fate but does not narrate
    an actual glance or turning action.
- id: motif:3
  label: prophet admonishes corrupt trading community
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Shoaib instructs Madian to worship God and use fair weight and measure, while
    warning against purloining goods and corrupt practices.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is approximate because the supplied motif list
    lacks a specific commercial justice category.
- id: motif:4
  label: wicked community rejects warning and is destroyed while believers are delivered
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: Shoaib's people resist him; when the decree comes, Shoaib and believers are
    delivered and the wicked are overtaken by tempest.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The motif is stated within one prophetic exemplum and compared in the
    passage to other destroyed peoples.
- id: motif:5
  label: unrighteous leader leads followers to postmortem punishment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  - resurrection
  basis: Pharaoh heads his people on the day of Resurrection and causes them to descend
    into the Fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives a concise eschatological statement rather than a detailed
    journey narrative.
- id: motif:6
  label: final gathering and division of humanity into Fire and Garden
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  - resurrection
  basis: Mankind is gathered on a witnessed day; some are miserable and assigned to
    the Fire, while the blessed are assigned to the Garden.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy list does not include a specific paradise motif; Garden is
    therefore not mapped to a supplied taxonomy ref.
- id: motif:7
  label: righteous remnant prevents or survives destruction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage asks whether only a few virtuous people forbade corruption and
    states that the Lord would not destroy cities unjustly while inhabitants were
    righteous.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage states the principle generally rather than narrating a single
    complete episode at this point.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: Shoaib explicitly warns Madian that opposition to him may bring an outcome
    like those that befell the peoples of Noah, Houd, Saleh, and Lot.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: 'Earlier destroyed peoples named in the passage: Noah''s people, Houd''s
    people, Saleh''s people, and Lot''s people'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The passage provides a homiletic comparison of outcomes, not detailed
    narrative parallels for each named people.
- id: claim:2
  claim: Madian's destruction is explicitly likened to Themoud being swept off.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Themoud as a prior destroyed community
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The comparison is limited to being swept off or destroyed; no additional
    shared details are provided here.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The passage groups multiple ruined cities as examples of divine judgment
    on wicked communities whose gods did not avail them.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Pattern of wicked cities destroyed after divine behest
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The statement is generalized and does not enumerate all narrative details
    of each city in this excerpt.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12899-12904
  quote_or_summary: Angels tell Lot they are messengers of his Lord, that the hostile
    people will not touch him, and that he should depart with his family in the dead
    of night without anyone turning back; his wife will share the threatened fate,
    and the time is morning.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12906-12908
  quote_or_summary: When the decree comes, the cities are turned upside down and rained
    upon with successive blocks of claystone marked by the Lord.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12910-12918
  quote_or_summary: Shoaib is sent to Madian and tells his people to worship God alone,
    avoid short weight and measure, give weight and measure fairly, not purloin others'
    goods, and not practice corruption on the earth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12920-12923
  quote_or_summary: Shoaib's people ask whether his prayers command them to leave
    what their fathers worshipped or restrict what they do with their property.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12930-12935
  quote_or_summary: Shoaib warns his people that opposition to him may draw down on
    them what befell the peoples of Noah, Houd, Saleh, and Lot, and urges them to
    seek pardon and turn to the Lord.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12937-12945
  quote_or_summary: Shoaib's people say they understand little of his words, see him
    as powerless, and would stone him were it not for his family; Shoaib replies that
    God is around their actions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12947-12956
  quote_or_summary: Shoaib tells his people to act and await the outcome; when the
    decree comes, Shoaib and his believing companions are delivered by mercy, while
    a violent tempest overtakes the wicked and they are found prostrate in their houses;
    Madian is said to have been swept off as Themoud was.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12958-12961
  quote_or_summary: Moses is sent with signs and incontestable power to Pharaoh and
    his nobles, who follow Pharaoh's unrighteous behests.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12963-12967
  quote_or_summary: Pharaoh will head his people on the day of Resurrection and cause
    them to descend into the Fire; they are followed by a curse in this world and
    on the day of Resurrection.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12979-12986
  quote_or_summary: The passage says the latter day is a day when mankind is gathered
    and witnessed by all creatures; it occurs at an appointed time, and no one speaks
    except by divine leave.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12988-12996
  quote_or_summary: Those consigned to misery have the Fire as their place and sigh
    there; the blessed have the Garden as their place with an imperishable boon as
    the Lord wills.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12998-13018
  quote_or_summary: The passage mentions Moses receiving the Book, variance about
    it, divine repayment according to works, an instruction to go straight, avoid
    reliance on evildoers, observe prayer at morning, close of day, and approach of
    night, and persevere.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 13020-13028
  quote_or_summary: The passage says only a few among former generations forbade corruption,
    that evildoers followed pleasures and became transgressors, and that the Lord
    would not destroy cities unjustly when their inhabitants were righteous.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 12969-12977
  quote_or_summary: 'The histories of cities are related: some stand and others are
    mown down; their gods did not avail them when the Lord''s behest came, and the
    Lord''s grasp on wicked cities is afflictive and terrible.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal extraction is strong because the passage is explicit. Motif taxonomy
    mapping is more tentative where the available taxonomy lacks specific categories
    for commerce, ruined cities, Garden/paradise, and prophetic warning cycles.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  All observations and motif candidates are based only on the supplied passage and metadata. Public-domain text summarized rather than extensively quoted.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l12899-l13028
  passage_sha256=d1942869fe5a844ac99d4b4953817bd2b6014983ec1033ee6325cb964343311a