Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l12215-l12362

batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l12215-l12362

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg-l12215-l12362
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
passage_locator:
  label: PUBLIC SERVICES, / AND EMINENT LITERARY ATTAINMENTS, / THE TRANSLATOR. /
    PREFACE; lines 12215-12362
  start: '12215'
  end: '12362'
  translation: The Koran (Al-Qur'an), Rodwell translation
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage states that restrictions placed on the Jews did not wrong them,
    offers mercy to those who repent, presents Abraham as an obedient monotheist chosen
    and guided by God, commands the addressee to follow Abraham's religion, says God
    will judge Sabbath disputes on the day of resurrection, instructs the addressee
    to summon others with wisdom and kind warning, limits reprisals and praises patience,
    and opens Sura XXX with a prediction that the defeated Greeks will later be victorious
    by God's aid while many remain careless of the next life.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage says that something previously mentioned was forbidden to the
    Jews and that they injured themselves rather than being injured by God.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Those who do evil in ignorance and afterwards repent and amend are described
    as receiving the Lord's gracious mercy.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Abraham is described as a religious leader, obedient to God, sound in faith,
    and not one who joins other gods with God.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: God is said to have chosen Abraham, guided him to the straight way, given
    him good things in this world, and placed him among the just in the world to come.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: The addressee is told by revelation to follow the religion of Abraham.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The Sabbath is said to have been ordained for those who differed about it,
    and the Lord is said to decide their dispute on the day of resurrection.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The addressee is instructed to summon others to the Lord's way with wisdom,
    kind warning, and the kindest manner of dispute.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: Reprisals are limited to the same extent as the injury, while patient endurance
    is presented as better.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: Patient endurance is to be sought in God, and God is described as being with
    those who fear him and do good deeds.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: The Greeks are said to have been defeated nearby but to be destined to defeat
    their foes within a few years, causing the faithful to rejoice in God's aid.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: Some people are described as knowing the outward appearances of present life
    while being careless of the next life.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: God / thy Lord
  description: The divine speaker or Lord who forbids, shows mercy, chooses and guides
    Abraham, judges disputes, knows who strays and who is guided, aids whom he wills,
    and is described as mighty, merciful, gracious, and with the pious doers of good.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: the Jews
  description: A group to whom something was forbidden and who are said to have injured
    themselves.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: repentant evildoers
  description: Those who did evil in ignorance and afterwards repented and amended.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Abraham
  description: A religious leader described as obedient to God, sound in faith, grateful
    for divine favors, chosen and guided by God, and not a polytheist.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: the addressee
  description: The person addressed as 'thee' or 'thou,' instructed to follow Abraham's
    religion, summon others to the Lord's way, dispute kindly, and endure patiently.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: those who differed about the Sabbath
  description: A group associated with Sabbath dispute and future divine decision
    on the day of resurrection.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: the infidels
  description: A group about whom the addressee is told not to grieve or be troubled
    by their devices.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: the Greeks
  description: A people said to have been defeated nearby and later to defeat their
    foes.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: the faithful
  description: Those who will rejoice in the aid of their God on the day of the Greeks'
    later victory.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: merciful Lord
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says the Lord is gracious and merciful to those who repent and
    amend.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: divine guide and chooser
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: God chooses Abraham and guides him into the straight way.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: eschatological judge and divine helper
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Lord will decide disputes on the day of resurrection and God aids whom
    he wills.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:10
- id: role:4
  label: restricted community
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The Jews are said to have had something forbidden to them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:5
  label: penitent recipients of mercy
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Those who repent and amend after evil in ignorance are promised the Lord's
    mercy.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:6
  label: exemplary monotheist
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Abraham is described as sound in faith and not one who joins gods with God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: chosen religious leader
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Abraham is called a leader in religion and God is said to have chosen and
    guided him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:8
  label: summoner and patient disputant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The addressee is instructed to summon with wisdom and kindly warning, dispute
    in the kindest manner, and endure with patience.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: role:9
  label: Sabbath disputants
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The Sabbath is said to have been ordained for those who differed about it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:10
  label: opponents with devices
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The addressee is told not to be grieved about the infidels or troubled at
    their devices.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:11
  label: defeated then victorious people
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The Greeks are described as defeated and then as future victors over their
    foes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:12
  label: rejoicing believers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The faithful are said to rejoice in God's aid.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: straight way
  literal_form: way/path image
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: sym:2
  label: day of resurrection
  literal_form: eschatological day
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:3
  label: Sabbath
  literal_form: ordained sacred time
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:4
  label: outward shows of present life
  literal_form: appearance of worldly life
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: sym:5
  label: next life
  literal_form: life after the present world
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Restrictions, self-injury, and repentance
  summary: The passage addresses restrictions placed on the Jews and then states that
    those who do evil in ignorance may receive mercy after repentance and amendment.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Abraham as chosen exemplar
  summary: Abraham is presented as an obedient monotheist, grateful for divine favors,
    chosen and guided by God, blessed in this world, and counted among the just in
    the world to come; the addressee is told to follow Abraham's religion.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:3
  label: Sabbath dispute and resurrection judgment
  summary: The Sabbath is linked to those who disputed it, and the Lord is said to
    decide between them on the day of resurrection.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Wise summons, limited reprisal, and patience
  summary: The addressee is instructed to call others to the Lord's way with wisdom
    and kindness, to limit reprisals to the injury received, and to practice patient
    endurance sought in God.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:5
  label: Defeat and promised victory of the Greeks
  summary: The Greeks are said to be defeated nearby but promised future victory within
    a few years, at which the faithful will rejoice in God's aid.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: scene:6
  label: Carelessness toward the next life
  summary: The passage contrasts knowledge of outward appearances in present life
    with carelessness about the next life.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: divine judgment on disputed observance
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The Lord is said to decide between those who differed about the Sabbath on
    the day of resurrection.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage names a specific Sabbath dispute but does not narrate the
    judgment itself.
- id: motif:2
  label: resurrection as time of final decision
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  basis: The day of resurrection is explicitly named as the time when the Lord will
    decide disputes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage invokes resurrection as a future setting rather than describing
    resurrection events.
- id: motif:3
  label: Abraham as monotheist exemplar
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Abraham is described as obedient, sound in faith, not polytheist, chosen,
    guided, and made the model whose religion the addressee should follow.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference 'wisdom' is broad; the passage more directly emphasizes
    exemplary faith and guidance.
- id: motif:4
  label: merciful restoration after repentance
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Those who do evil in ignorance and then repent and amend are promised the
    Lord's gracious mercy.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: No detailed ritual or narrative of restoration is given.
- id: motif:5
  label: wise and gentle proclamation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The addressee is commanded to summon others with wisdom, kind warning, and
    the kindest mode of dispute.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is an instruction rather than a narrative episode.
- id: motif:6
  label: restraint in retaliation and preference for patience
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Reprisals are limited to equal injury, and patient endurance is said to be
    better.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: No specific act of revenge or forbearance is narrated in the passage.
- id: motif:7
  label: defeat followed by divinely aided victory
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The Greeks are said to have been defeated but later to defeat their foes,
    with the faithful rejoicing in God's aid.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage frames this as a prediction and divine promise but gives minimal
    narrative detail.
- id: motif:8
  label: worldly appearance contrasted with the next life
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Some people know the outward shows of present life but are careless of the
    next life.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a doctrinal contrast, not a developed symbolic scene.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage uses Abraham as an ancestral monotheist model for the addressee's
    religious path, a function comparable to Abrahamic exemplar patterns within nearby
    Jewish, Christian, and Islamic discourse.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Abraham as ancestral monotheist exemplar in Abrahamic traditions
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage itself names Abraham and the command to follow his religion,
    but it does not provide a direct extended comparison with other scriptures in
    the canonical verses.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The Sabbath dispute and final decision on the day of resurrection fit a broader
    final-judgment pattern in which contested religious conduct is resolved by divine
    judgment.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: final divine judgment over disputed religious conduct
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage states the future decision but does not narrate the judgment
    procedure or outcome.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 12215-12216
  quote_or_summary: The Jews are said to have had something forbidden to them; God
    did not injure them, but they injured themselves.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 12218-12219
  quote_or_summary: Those who did evil in ignorance and then repented and amended
    are told that the Lord is gracious and merciful.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: 12221-12223
  quote_or_summary: '"Abraham was a leader in religion" and was obedient, sound in
    faith, and not among those who join gods with God.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 12225-12228
  quote_or_summary: Abraham is grateful; God chooses him, guides him into the straight
    way, gives him good things in this world, and places him among the just in the
    world to come.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 12230-12231
  quote_or_summary: The addressee is told by revelation to follow the religion of
    Abraham, who was sound in faith and not polytheist.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 12233-12235
  quote_or_summary: The Sabbath was ordained for those who differed about it, and
    the Lord will decide between them on the day of resurrection concerning their
    disputes.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 12237-12240
  quote_or_summary: The addressee is instructed to summon others to the Lord's way
    with wisdom and kindly warning and to dispute in the kindest manner; the Lord
    knows who strays and who is guided.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 12242-12244
  quote_or_summary: Reprisals, if made, should match the extent of injury; patient
    endurance is said to be best.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 12246-12249
  quote_or_summary: The addressee is told to endure with patience sought in God, not
    to grieve over the infidels or their devices, and that God is with those who fear
    him and do good deeds.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: 12350-12358
  quote_or_summary: Sura XXX opens by saying the Greeks have been defeated nearby
    but will defeat their foes within a few years; the faithful will rejoice in God's
    aid, and God's promise will not be untrue.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: 12360-12362
  quote_or_summary: Most people are said to know the outward shows of present life
    while being careless of the next life.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamic/project-gutenberg/koran-rodwell.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal extraction is strong for the translated passage. Motif labels are
    cautious because much of the passage is exhortation and doctrine rather than narrative.
    Comparison claims are limited to patterns directly suggested by Abrahamic exemplar
    language and final-judgment language in the passage.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Translator notes are present in the line range but were not used as primary evidence except where they clarify that some numbered notes belong to the surrounding verses.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamic-koran-rodwell-gutenberg__l12215-l12362
  passage_sha256=390809bf5337c5800c8f85c29ad0543c9f27fb4bd1140349312b710a2c034506