Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-tales-babbitt-gutenberg-l608-l698

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-tales-babbitt-gutenberg-l608-l698

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-tales-babbitt-gutenberg-l608-l698
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
passage_locator:
  label: THE MERCHANT OF SERI / THE TURTLE WHO COULDN'T STOP TALKING / THE OX WHO
    WON THE FORFEIT / THE SANDY ROAD; lines 608-698
  start: '608'
  end: '698'
  translation: Jataka tales
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: A merchant caravan crosses a hot desert by night, guided by a star-knowing
    pilot. After the pilot falls asleep and the caravan circles back, the travelers
    have discarded most water and firewood and despair. The merchant refuses to give
    up, finds grass as a sign of underground water, directs digging, hears water beneath
    rock, and urges a serving-lad to break it. Water fills the well; the party recovers,
    marks the well with a flag, reaches the city, sells its goods, and returns home.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The caravan travels through the desert at night because the sand is too hot
    in daylight.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The merchant brings goods, water, rice, and firewood in many carts.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: A pilot rides first and guides the drivers by the stars.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Near the expected end of the desert crossing, the merchant tells the men to
    throw away nearly all the remaining water and firewood.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: The exhausted pilot sleeps, and the oxen turn the caravan back to the same
    place.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The men and oxen are left tired and thirsty after the remaining water has
    been thrown away.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The merchant tells himself he must find water and not give up because all
    will be lost if he does.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: The merchant sees a tuft of grass and infers that water must be below it.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: The men dig at the grassy spot until they strike rock; the merchant listens
    and says he hears water under the rock.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: A serving-lad strikes the rock with a hammer until it breaks and the hole
    fills with cool water.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:11
  text: The caravan drinks, waters the oxen, bathes, cooks rice using split cart parts
    for fuel, rests, and sets a flag on the well for other travelers.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:12
  text: The caravan resumes travel at sundown, reaches the city the next morning,
    sells the goods, and returns home.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: merchant
  description: Leader of the caravan carrying goods across the desert; he refuses
    to give up and directs the search for water.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: pilot
  description: A man who knows the stars and guides the caravan, but falls asleep
    from exhaustion.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: men and drivers
  description: The merchant’s caravan workers, who drive, camp, dig, despair, drink,
    water the oxen, and continue the journey.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: oxen
  description: Draft animals yoked to the carts; they become tired and thirsty and
    are later watered.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:11
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: serving-lad
  description: A boy urged by the merchant to try breaking the rock; he strikes it
    with a hammer and releases water.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: caravan leader
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The merchant gives travel orders, decides about supplies, and leads the response
    to the crisis.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:2
  label: resourceful rescuer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: He searches for water, identifies the grass as a clue, listens for water
    beneath rock, and urges persistence.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:3
  label: star navigator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: He knows the stars and uses them to guide the drivers, but his sleep causes
    the caravan to lose its way.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: caravan workers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: They drive, camp, dig, cook, and continue the journey under the merchant’s
    direction.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: role:5
  label: draft animals
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The oxen are yoked to the carts, turn about during the night, become thirsty,
    and are watered.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:11
- id: role:6
  label: obedient helper in rescue
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The lad follows the merchant’s urging and breaks the rock with a hammer,
    enabling water to fill the well.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: desert crossing
  literal_form: hot sandy desert road
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: stars used for guidance
  literal_form: stars observed by the pilot
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: sym:3
  label: water supply and hidden water
  literal_form: jars of water; water beneath rock; well filled with cool water
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: sym:4
  label: fire and fuel
  literal_form: firewood, cooking fires, split yokes and axles used as fuel
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:11
- id: sym:5
  label: tuft of grass as sign
  literal_form: tuft of grass growing in the desert
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: sym:6
  label: rock barrier
  literal_form: rock struck during digging and broken by a hammer
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: sym:7
  label: flag marking the well
  literal_form: flag set up on the well for travelers to see
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Night travel across the hot desert
  summary: The merchant caravan waits for the desert sand to cool and travels by night
    with water, rice, firewood, carts, oxen, and a star-guided pilot.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:2
  label: Loss after the pilot sleeps
  summary: Near the end of the crossing, remaining water and fuel are discarded; the
    pilot sleeps, the oxen turn back, and the caravan finds itself in the same place
    without water.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:3
  label: Search for hidden water
  summary: The merchant refuses to sleep or despair, searches the ground, finds a
    tuft of grass, and leads the men to dig there.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:4
  label: Rock broken and water released
  summary: After digging reaches rock, the merchant hears water beneath it and urges
    a serving-lad not to give up; the lad breaks the rock and water fills the hole.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: scene:5
  label: Recovery, well marking, and successful arrival
  summary: The party drinks, waters the oxen, cooks, rests, marks the well for later
    travelers, and reaches the city to sell goods before returning home.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Resourceful leader saves caravan by refusing despair
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The merchant explicitly rejects giving up, reasons that water must be found,
    and leads actions that save the people and oxen.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents practical determination and inference rather than
    an explicitly supernatural act.
- id: motif:2
  label: Hidden water discovered in a wasteland through a natural sign
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  - wisdom
  basis: A tuft of grass in the desert is treated as evidence of water below, leading
    to digging, breaking rock, and the filling of the well.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: The available taxonomy includes water as a symbol and wisdom as a motif
    family; no more specific supplied taxonomy reference is available.
- id: motif:3
  label: Journey by night guided by stars
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The caravan can cross the hot sand only at night, and the pilot guides the
    drivers by the stars.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage treats star guidance as practical navigation, not as astrological
    or divine guidance.
- id: motif:4
  label: Peril caused by premature disposal of supplies
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The caravan throws away nearly all water and firewood before actually leaving
    the desert, and the mistake becomes dangerous when they circle back.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a narrative pattern within the passage, not linked to a supplied
    taxonomy family.
- id: motif:5
  label: Marked life-saving well for future travelers
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  basis: After water is found, the men set a flag on the well so travelers can see
    it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage states the practical marking of the well but does not elaborate
    a ritual or sacred function.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 608-620
  quote_or_summary: The caravan reaches a desert where sunlight makes the sand too
    hot for daytime travel, so men travel after dark when the sand cools.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 621-623
  quote_or_summary: The merchant sets out after dark with goods to sell, jars of water
    and rice, and firewood for cooking.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: lines 625-626
  quote_or_summary: "“One man was the pilot. He rode first, for he knew the stars,
    and by them he guided the drivers.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 641-644
  quote_or_summary: After the pilot says they should leave the sand in one more night,
    the merchant tells the men to throw away nearly all the water and firewood because
    they expect to reach the city by the next day.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 646-654
  quote_or_summary: The pilot lies down and falls asleep from exhaustion; near daybreak
    he wakes, sees the fading stars, and realizes they are back where they were the
    previous day because the oxen turned around.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: quote
  locator: lines 656-661
  quote_or_summary: "“The wood and water are gone--we are lost.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 663-668
  quote_or_summary: The merchant says to himself that this is no time to sleep; he
    must find water for the oxen, the men, and cooking, because if he gives up all
    will be lost.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: quote
  locator: lines 670-672
  quote_or_summary: "“There must be water somewhere below, or that grass would not
    be there.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 674-681
  quote_or_summary: The merchant calls for the spade and hammer; the men dig where
    the grass grows, strike rock, and the merchant listens at the rock and says he
    hears water running underneath.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 681-689
  quote_or_summary: The merchant tells a serving-lad that if he gives up they are
    lost; the boy strikes the rock hard with the hammer, breaks it, and the well fills
    with cool water.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 689-695
  quote_or_summary: The men drink, water the oxen, bathe, split spare yokes and axles
    for firewood, cook rice, rest, and set a flag on the well for travelers to see.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 696-698
  quote_or_summary: At sundown they start again; the next morning they reach the city,
    sell the goods, and return home.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied passage. Motif candidates are descriptive
    and constrained to available taxonomy where appropriate; no comparison claims
    are made because the passage itself does not supply comparative framing.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  The user-supplied locator label names several tales, but the provided passage text contains only “THE SANDY ROAD”; extraction is limited to that passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-tales-babbitt-gutenberg__l608-l698
  passage_sha256=7f2b6db547c1bdcd7246bb6e112d86059b0f38d48bbd12a56a614b6cfad6f964