Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-tales-babbitt-gutenberg-l357-l400

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-tales-babbitt-gutenberg-l357-l400

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-tales-babbitt-gutenberg-l357-l400
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
passage_locator:
  label: THE MONKEY AND THE CROCODILE / PART I / PART II / HOW THE TURTLE SAVED HIS
    OWN LIFE; lines 357-400
  start: '357'
  end: '400'
  translation: Jataka tales
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: "“those people do not know how safe I am in the water!”"
  summary: A king has a lake made for his sons. The boys mistake a turtle for a demon,
    and the king orders it killed. After several killing methods are proposed, an
    old man suggests throwing it into the lake where the water runs into the river.
    The turtle pretends this would be especially dreadful, so the king orders it done;
    the turtle escapes safely down the river to its old home.
  language: English
  quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A king has a lake made in the courtyard for young princes to play in with
    boats and rafts.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Fishes are put into the lake, and a turtle is present along with them.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The boys have never seen a turtle and identify it as a demon.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The king orders the supposed demon caught and brought to the palace, and later
    orders the turtle killed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: People propose killing the turtle by pounding it to powder or baking it in
    hot coals.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: An old man who has always been afraid of water proposes throwing the turtle
    into the lake where it flows over rocks into the river.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The turtle speaks against the old man’s proposal and calls being thrown into
    the lake a cruel thing.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: The king orders the turtle thrown into the lake.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: The turtle laughs to himself, slides down the river to his old home, and says
    the people do not know he is safe in the water.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: king
  description: A king with young sons, who has a lake made and orders the turtle killed.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: young princes / boys
  description: The king’s sons who play in the lake, see the turtle, fear it, and
    call it a demon.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: turtle
  description: A turtle found with the fishes in the lake; it is mistaken for a demon,
    threatened with death, and escapes by being thrown into the water.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: king’s men
  description: Men ordered to catch the turtle, bring it to the palace, and throw
    it into the lake.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: old man afraid of the water
  description: An old man who has always been afraid of water and proposes throwing
    the turtle into the lake outflow.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: fishes
  description: Fishes placed in the courtyard lake along with which the turtle is
    found.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: ruler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The figure is identified as a king and gives orders.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
- id: role:2
  label: protective father
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The king is very fond of his sons and orders the turtle killed after they
    are frightened.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: frightened children
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The boys fear the turtle and cry that a demon is on the lake bank.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:4
  label: threatened animal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The turtle is captured and ordered killed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: self-rescuing speaker
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The turtle’s speech leads to its being thrown into water, where it is safe
    and escapes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:6
  label: royal agents
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The men carry out the king’s orders regarding the turtle.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
- id: role:7
  label: fearful adviser
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The old man is described as afraid of water and advises throwing the turtle
    into the lake outflow.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: lake and river water
  literal_form: courtyard lake, lake outflow, river
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
- id: sym:2
  label: hot coals
  literal_form: hot coals proposed for baking the turtle
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: mistaken demon
  literal_form: the turtle described by the boys as a demon
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Lake made for the princes
  summary: The king has a courtyard lake made for his sons, and fishes are added to
    it; a turtle is also present.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Turtle mistaken for a demon
  summary: The boys see the turtle, fear it because they have never seen one, and
    report a demon to their father.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Death sentence and proposals
  summary: The king orders the turtle killed, and bystanders propose several methods,
    including pounding and hot coals.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Old man’s water proposal
  summary: An old man afraid of water proposes throwing the turtle into the lake outflow,
    believing this will kill it.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Turtle’s feigned protest and escape
  summary: The turtle objects to the water proposal as if it were dreadful; the king
    orders it thrown into the lake, and the turtle escapes down the river to its old
    home.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: escape through deceptive protest
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The turtle saves itself by pretending that the one proposed action that will
    save it is especially cruel, causing the king to order that action.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is broad; the passage presents practical cunning
    rather than explicit doctrinal wisdom.
- id: motif:2
  label: danger inverted into safety
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Being thrown into water is proposed as a fatal punishment, but for the turtle
    it becomes a route of escape.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a passage-level pattern without a supplied specific taxonomy ID.
- id: motif:3
  label: animal mistaken for a demon
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The boys, unfamiliar with turtles, call the turtle a demon and prompt the
    king’s punitive response.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly matches this motif.
- id: motif:4
  label: trickster-like survival by speech
  taxonomy_refs:
  - trickster_boundary
  basis: The turtle’s speech manipulates the boundary between apparent danger and
    actual safety, resulting in its escape into water.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The turtle is not explicitly labeled a trickster in the passage; the taxonomy
    reference is interpretive and should be reviewed.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 357-366
  quote_or_summary: A king has a courtyard lake made for young princes to play in;
    fishes are added, and a turtle is present with them.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
  type: quote
  locator: lines 367-371
  quote_or_summary: The boys had never seen a turtle and were afraid, thinking it
    was a demon; they report, “There is a demon on the bank of the lake.”
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quote from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 372-378
  quote_or_summary: The king orders the supposed demon caught and brought to the palace;
    because he is fond of his sons, he orders the turtle killed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 379-383
  quote_or_summary: People ask how to kill the turtle and propose pounding it to powder
    or baking it in hot coals.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 384-386
  quote_or_summary: An old man who has always feared water says to throw the turtle
    into the lake where it flows over rocks into the river, claiming this will surely
    kill it.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
  type: quote
  locator: lines 387-392
  quote_or_summary: The turtle asks what it has done to deserve such a dreadful thing
    and says, “to throw me into the lake! Don’t speak of such a cruel thing!”
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quote from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 393-395
  quote_or_summary: After hearing the turtle, the king tells his men to take it at
    once and throw it into the lake.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:8
  type: quote
  locator: lines 396-399
  quote_or_summary: The turtle laughs as it slides down the river to its old home
    and says, “those people do not know how safe I am in the water!”
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/jataka-tales-babbitt.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quote from supplied passage.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Literal extraction is straightforward. Motif taxonomy assignments are cautious
    because the supplied taxonomy contains only broad categories for this animal trickery
    episode. No comparison claims were made because the passage itself does not support
    a comparison.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and metadata. No external Jataka parallels or tale-type comparisons were added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-tales-babbitt-gutenberg__l357-l400
  passage_sha256=59a96fd5ddded5603fb95a5edf7429403ff141c824f2b5d4549704b0ef960961