batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l6373-l6515
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l6373-l6515
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
passage_locator:
label: THE BREACH OF THE TRUCE, AND THE FIRST BATTLE. / BOOK V. / ARGUMENT. / THE
ACTS OF DIOMED.; lines 6373-6515
start: '6373'
end: '6515'
translation: The Iliad
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: Tis not with Troy, but with the gods ye fight.
summary: The passage narrates divine-backed fighting around Hector, Ajax's killing
of Amphius, the duel of Tlepolemus and Sarpedon, Sarpedon's wounding and rescue,
Ulysses' attack on the Lycians under Minerva's impulse, and a Greek retreat while
Mars and Hector press the battle.
language: English
quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The speaker says Hector is secure because favoring gods support him, and that
Mars appears in mortal arms.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The Greeks are told to retire slowly with their faces toward the enemy.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: Hector kills Anchialus and Mnesthes, two leaders who ride in the same chariot
and die together.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: Ajax kills Amphius with a spear through the belt and belly and attempts to
seize his armor.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: A surrounding shower of darts prevents Ajax from stripping Amphius' arms,
and Ajax withdraws from the crowded fighting.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: Tlepolemus, described as Alcides' offspring, meets Sarpedon, described as
the son of Jove, for combat.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: Tlepolemus taunts Sarpedon and contrasts him with Tlepolemus' father, who
once destroyed Troy with a small force.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: Sarpedon replies that Tlepolemus' father overturned Troy because its king
had withheld promised heavenly steeds.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: Both combatants throw javelins; both are wounded, but Sarpedon's throw kills
Tlepolemus by striking his neck and throat.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: Tlepolemus' spear wounds Sarpedon's thigh, but Jove is said to be present
and to forbid Sarpedon's death.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:11
text: Ulysses considers pursuing Sarpedon but is prevented by heaven and fate, and
Minerva drives him against the Lycians.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:12
text: Sarpedon asks Hector not to let the enemy carry away his helpless corpse if
he must die away from home.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:13
text: Sarpedon's friends lay him beneath a beech described as Jove's consecrated
shade, and Pelagon removes the javelin from his thigh.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:14
text: Boreas' gentle breath recalls Sarpedon's spirit from the gates of death.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:15
text: The Greeks retreat slowly while still fighting, as Mars and Hector attack
them.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Hector
description: Trojan warrior whose attacks are described as aided by favoring gods
and Mars; he kills Greek leaders and rushes to relieve Sarpedon.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:9
- ev:11
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Mars
description: A god said to appear in mortal arms and to fight in a way that helps
Hector and presses the Greeks.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:11
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Greeks
description: The Greek force is instructed to withdraw carefully and later retreats
slowly while still fighting.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:11
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Anchialus
description: A Greek leader killed by Hector while riding in the same chariot as
Mnesthes.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Mnesthes
description: A Greek leader killed by Hector while riding in the same chariot as
Anchialus.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Ajax
description: A mighty Greek warrior who kills Amphius and tries to take his armor
but is forced back by missiles and surrounding enemies.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Amphius
description: A wealthy chief from Apsus' happy soil who is killed by Ajax and whose
armor Ajax tries to seize.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Tlepolemus
description: A Rhodian leader and offspring of Alcides who challenges Sarpedon,
wounds him, and is killed by Sarpedon's javelin.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:7
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:7
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Sarpedon
description: A Lycian king and son of Jove who duels Tlepolemus, kills him, is wounded
in the thigh, asks Hector for protection, and recovers after Boreas' breath.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:7
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Jove
description: A god identified as Sarpedon's father and said to be present when Sarpedon
is spared from death.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:7
- ev:10
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Ulysses
description: A Greek warrior who, after seeing Tlepolemus fall, considers pursuing
Sarpedon but is turned against the Lycian troops.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Minerva
description: A goddess who drives Ulysses against the Lycian train.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Lycians
description: Sarpedon's people or troops; some carry the wounded Sarpedon away,
and others are killed by Ulysses.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Pelagon
description: Sarpedon's favorite chief who removes the javelin from Sarpedon's thigh.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Boreas
description: A wind-divinity or named wind whose gentle breath recalls Sarpedon's
spirit from the gates of death.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:16
name_or_label: Oresbius
description: A wealthy ruler associated with Botia, Hyle, lakes, and a watery plain,
killed during the retreat scene.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
label: divinely favored battlefield figure
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:9
basis: Hector is said to have favoring gods; Sarpedon is son of Jove and is spared
by Jove.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- ev:7
- id: role:2
label: Trojan attacking champion
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Hector kills leaders, relieves Sarpedon, and presses the Greeks with Mars.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:9
- ev:11
- id: role:3
label: divine intervener in battle
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:10
- fig:12
- fig:15
basis: Mars appears in arms, Jove forbids Sarpedon's death, Minerva directs Ulysses,
and Boreas revives Sarpedon's spirit.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:10
- id: role:4
label: Greek combatant or force
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:6
- fig:8
- fig:11
basis: These figures fight on the Greek side or are named among Greeks in the action.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:8
- ev:11
- id: role:5
label: slain warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:7
- fig:16
basis: Each figure is explicitly described as killed or falling in the fighting.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:11
- id: role:6
label: avenger seeking spoils
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Ajax is moved by vengeance, kills Amphius, and attempts to seize his armor.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:7
label: heroic duelist
assigned_to:
- fig:8
- fig:9
basis: Tlepolemus and Sarpedon meet in single combat, exchange speeches, and throw
javelins at one another.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:8
label: boasting challenger
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Tlepolemus speaks a haughty boast before casting his weapon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:9
label: wounded king protected from death
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Sarpedon is wounded in the thigh, is borne away by Lycians, and later recovers
after divine or wind-borne aid.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:10
- id: role:10
label: divine father
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Sarpedon is called the son of Jove, and Tlepolemus is also framed as Jove's
descendant.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:11
label: supporting ethnic troop group
assigned_to:
- fig:13
basis: The Lycians carry Sarpedon from battle and are attacked by Ulysses.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:12
label: wound attendant
assigned_to:
- fig:14
basis: Pelagon removes the javelin from Sarpedon's thigh.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:13
label: life-restoring breath
assigned_to:
- fig:15
basis: Boreas' breath recalls Sarpedon's spirit from the gates of death.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: mortal arms of Mars
literal_form: Mars appearing in mortal arms on the battlefield
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: spear and javelin wounds
literal_form: spears and javelins that pierce Amphius, Tlepolemus, and Sarpedon
associated_figures:
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- ev:10
- id: sym:3
label: caves of night
literal_form: the caves of night sought by Tlepolemus' soul after death
associated_figures:
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs:
- cave
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:4
label: gates of death
literal_form: the gates of death from which Sarpedon's spirit is recalled
associated_figures:
- fig:9
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: sym:5
label: consecrated beech shade
literal_form: a beech tree described as Jove's consecrated shade
associated_figures:
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:14
taxonomy_refs:
- tree
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: sym:6
label: Boreas' gentle breath
literal_form: fresh gentle breath of Boreas that recalls Sarpedon's spirit
associated_figures:
- fig:9
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: sym:7
label: lakes and watery plain
literal_form: lakes surrounding low Hyle's watery plain in Oresbius' territory
associated_figures:
- fig:16
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Greek withdrawal under divine pressure
summary: The Greeks are warned that Hector is aided by gods and Mars, and are told
to retire slowly while facing the enemy.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Hector's first kills and Ajax's counterattack
summary: Hector kills Anchialus and Mnesthes; Ajax then kills Amphius and attempts
to strip his armor but is forced back by missiles and surrounding foes.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Duel of Tlepolemus and Sarpedon
summary: Tlepolemus and Sarpedon exchange boastful speeches concerning divine lineage
and earlier Trojan history, then throw javelins; Sarpedon kills Tlepolemus while
Sarpedon is wounded but spared by Jove.
figure_refs:
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:4
label: Ulysses attacks the Lycians and Hector relieves Sarpedon
summary: Ulysses is diverted from pursuing Sarpedon and attacks Lycian warriors
under Minerva's impulse; Hector rushes in, and Sarpedon asks him to protect his
body if he dies.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:9
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:13
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: scene:5
label: Sarpedon beneath the consecrated beech
summary: Sarpedon's friends place him beneath a beech sacred to Jove; Pelagon removes
the javelin, and Boreas' breath recalls Sarpedon's spirit from near death.
figure_refs:
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:14
- fig:15
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:4
- sym:5
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: scene:6
label: Orderly Greek retreat under Mars and Hector
summary: The Greeks retreat slowly while continuing to fight, as Mars and Hector
kill additional warriors including Oresbius.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:16
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine aid in battle
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Hector is said to be supported by favoring gods and Mars; Jove, Minerva,
and Boreas also intervene in the course of battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:10
- ev:11
confidence: high
cautions: This is a local passage motif; no supplied taxonomy family exactly names
divine battlefield aid.
- id: motif:2
label: divine parent-child lineage in heroic combat
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_parent_child
basis: 'The duel is framed through lineage: Tlepolemus is Alcides'' offspring and
Jove''s descendant, while Sarpedon is called Jove''s son.'
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: The passage uses lineage to frame status and combat; it does not narrate
the birth itself.
- id: motif:3
label: heroic duel with boasts and exchanged missiles
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Tlepolemus and Sarpedon meet as opposing chiefs, exchange speeches, and cast
javelins at the same instant.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: No available taxonomy reference directly corresponds to this combat pattern.
- id: motif:4
label: near-death rescue and return of spirit
taxonomy_refs:
- death_rebirth
basis: Sarpedon is wounded nearly to death, Jove forbids his death, and Boreas recalls
his spirit from the gates of death.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:10
confidence: medium
cautions: Sarpedon does not actually die in the passage, so the death_rebirth taxonomy
match is approximate.
- id: motif:5
label: protection of the warrior's corpse
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Sarpedon asks Hector not to let the enemy bear away his helpless corpse if
he must die.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: The request is conditional because Sarpedon survives the immediate episode.
- id: motif:6
label: sacred tree as place of recovery
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The wounded Sarpedon is laid beneath a beech described as Jove's consecrated
shade before his spirit is recalled.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage marks the tree as consecrated, but it does not elaborate a
broader sacred-tree cosmology.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: quote
locator: 6373-6380
quote_or_summary: Hector is said to be aided by favoring gods; Mars appears in mortal
arms, and the Greeks are warned that they fight the gods, not only Troy.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized with brief quoted phrase in canonical_text.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 6381-6386
quote_or_summary: Hector kills Anchialus and Mnesthes, two renowned leaders who
rode in the same chariot and died together.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 6387-6410
quote_or_summary: Ajax, seeking vengeance, kills Amphius with a spear, presses the
corpse with his foot, tries to remove the weapon and strip armor, but is forced
back by many spears and shields.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 6411-6419
quote_or_summary: Tlepolemus, offspring of Alcides, meets Sarpedon, son of Jove,
both armed for combat.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 6420-6438
quote_or_summary: Tlepolemus boasts against Sarpedon, denies the adequacy of his
claim to be Jove's son, recalls his own father's destruction of Troy, and threatens
him with death.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 6439-6452
quote_or_summary: Sarpedon replies that Tlepolemus' father overturned Troy because
a perjured monarch withheld the promised heavenly steeds, then threatens to kill
Tlepolemus.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 6453-6468
quote_or_summary: Both warriors cast javelins; Sarpedon kills Tlepolemus through
the neck and throat, while Tlepolemus' spear wounds Sarpedon's thigh, but Jove
prevents Sarpedon's death.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 6469-6480
quote_or_summary: Ulysses sees Tlepolemus fall, considers pursuing Sarpedon, but
heaven and fate prevent it; Minerva drives him against the Lycians, and he kills
several named men.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 6481-6494
quote_or_summary: Hector rushes into battle; Sarpedon asks him not to allow the
foe to carry away his helpless corpse and says Troy should mourn him if he dies
there.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 6495-6503
quote_or_summary: Sarpedon's friends lay him beneath a beech sacred to Jove; Pelagon
removes the javelin from his thigh, and Boreas' gentle breath recalls his spirit
from the gates of death.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 6504-6515
quote_or_summary: The Greeks retreat slowly while still fighting, as Mars and Hector
press them; several warriors are listed as slain, including Oresbius of watery
Hyle.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Literal battlefield events and named figures are clear. Motif taxonomy mapping
is more tentative where no exact supplied category exists, especially for near-death
recovery and sacred tree imagery.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the provided passage and metadata. Comparison claims are left empty because the passage itself does not explicitly support a cross-text comparison.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg__l6373-l6515
passage_sha256=c386eba4e62462c0ddcbb15e46b333f41ae43bb19b6efe482748651678d490ab