batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l6101-l6232
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l6101-l6232
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
passage_locator:
label: THE BREACH OF THE TRUCE, AND THE FIRST BATTLE. / BOOK V. / ARGUMENT. / THE
ACTS OF DIOMED.; lines 6101-6232
start: '6101'
end: '6232'
translation: The Iliad
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: A wounded Venus is healed in heaven while Pallas and Juno mock her and
Jove tells her to leave warfare to Mars and Pallas. On the battlefield Diomedes
pursues Aeneas and challenges Apollo, who warns him of the gulf between gods and
mortals. Apollo removes Aeneas to Troy, has him healed, and creates a phantom
likeness of him to draw combat. Apollo then urges Mars to avenge divine insult;
Mars, appearing as Acamas, rallies the Trojans. Sarpedon reproaches Hector for
inaction, and Hector rouses the Trojan ranks, while the Greeks gather to meet
the renewed attack.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The passage opens with an illustration caption naming Otus and Ephialtes holding
Mars captive.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: An unnamed divine speaker warns the son of Tydeus that a mortal who contends
with heavenly power has a short-lived glory and may die away from his family.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Venus has a wounded palm; sacred ichor is wiped away and balm is applied.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Pallas tells Jove that Venus was wounded while trying to inflame a Greek woman
with passion for a youth of Troy.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: Jove tells Venus that smiles and charms, not armed deeds, are her proper cares,
and that deeds of arms belong to Mars and Pallas.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: Tydides charges his Dardan foe and attacks despite Apollo shielding the target.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: Apollo warns the son of Tydeus to stop and recognize the difference between
deathless gods and mortal man.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:8
text: Apollo carries Aeneas to Troy’s holy place, where Latona and Phoebe heal and
strengthen him.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:9
text: Apollo raises a phantom in the same shape and arms as Aeneas, and Greeks and
Trojans fight around it.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:10
text: Apollo calls Mars from Ilion’s tower and urges him to punish the Greek who
has attacked Venus and Apollo.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:11
text: Mars enters the plain in the form of Acamas and urges Trojan chiefs to stop
fleeing and defend Aeneas.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:12
text: Sarpedon reproaches Hector for failing to lead the defense of Troy and contrasts
Trojan inaction with the efforts of foreign allies.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:13
text: Sarpedon says he left Lycia, wealth, wife, and infant to fight for Troy.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:14
text: Hector silently accepts the reproof, leaps from his chariot with two spears,
and rallies the Trojans.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:15
text: The Greeks form together and wait for the renewed battle.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Otus and Ephialtes
description: Figures named in the illustration caption as holding Mars captive.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Mars
description: War god named in the caption as captive and later invoked by Apollo
as the stern power of arms; he enters battle in the form of Acamas.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:6
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Unnamed divine speaker and healer
description: A female divine figure who warns Tydides indirectly and wipes ichor
from Venus’s wounded palm, applying balm.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Venus / Cyprian queen
description: A goddess with a wounded palm; Jove addresses her as daughter and assigns
her to charms rather than arms.
role_refs:
- role:5
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Pallas / blue-eyed maid
description: A goddess who is said to have urged Tydides and who mocks Venus before
Jove; Jove names her as fit for deeds of arms.
role_refs:
- role:7
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Juno
description: A goddess who, with Pallas, smiles at the episode of Venus’s wound.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Jove
description: The sire of gods and men who smiles and instructs Venus about her proper
domain.
role_refs:
- role:9
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Tydides / son of Tydeus
description: A Greek warrior who wounds a goddess, attacks while Apollo shields
Aeneas, and is warned not to contend with gods.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Apollo / Phoebus
description: A god associated with celestial fires and the silver bow; he shields
Aeneas, warns Tydides, carries Aeneas to Troy, creates a phantom, and calls Mars.
role_refs:
- role:12
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Aeneas / chief of Venus’s race
description: A Dardan/Trojan hero pursued by Tydides, protected by Apollo, healed
at Troy, and imitated by a phantom.
role_refs:
- role:14
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Latona
description: A divine figure at Troy’s holy place who helps heal Aeneas.
role_refs:
- role:15
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Phoebe
description: A divine figure at Troy’s holy place who helps heal Aeneas.
role_refs:
- role:15
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Acamas
description: A Thracian guide whose form Mars assumes while inciting Trojan chiefs.
role_refs:
- role:16
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Sarpedon
description: A Lycian ally who reproaches Hector and urges the defense of Troy.
role_refs:
- role:17
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Hector
description: A Trojan chief reproached by Sarpedon; he accepts the rebuke, arms
himself with two spears, and rallies the Trojans.
role_refs:
- role:18
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:16
name_or_label: Trojans / sons of Priam
description: The Trojan forces flee, are urged by Mars and Sarpedon’s speech, and
are rallied by Hector.
role_refs:
- role:19
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:17
name_or_label: Greeks
description: The Greek forces fight around the phantom Aeneas and later gather to
meet the renewed Trojan attack.
role_refs:
- role:20
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
label: captors of a god in caption
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The illustration caption states that Otus and Ephialtes hold Mars captive.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: captive god in caption
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The caption names Mars as being held captive.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:3
label: war god and battle inciter
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Apollo calls Mars the stern power of arms, and Mars enters the field to stir
the Trojan ranks.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:4
label: divine healer and admonisher
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The figure warns about contending with heavenly power and then wipes ichor
and applies balm to Venus’s wound.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:5
label: wounded goddess
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Venus has a wounded palm from which sacred ichor is wiped.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:6
label: divine child instructed by father
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Jove calls Venus his daughter and tells her that martial deeds are not her
proper cares.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:7
label: divine observer and mocker
assigned_to:
- fig:5
- fig:6
basis: Juno and Pallas smile at Venus’s mishap, and Pallas offers a mocking account
to Jove.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: goddess of arms
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Jove says deeds of arms should be left to Mars and Pallas.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:9
label: father of gods and men
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The passage calls Jove the sire of gods and men.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:10
label: divine arbiter of proper domains
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Jove defines Venus’s proper cares and assigns warfare to Mars and Pallas.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:11
label: mortal challenger of gods
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Tydides wounds Venus, attacks under Apollo’s shield, and is warned about
the difference between gods and mortals.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: role:12
label: divine protector and rescuer
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Apollo shields Aeneas and carries him to Troy’s holy place.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:13
label: creator of phantom double
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Apollo raises a phantom in the shape and arms of Aeneas.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:14
label: rescued wounded warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Aeneas is wounded, protected by Apollo, and healed by Latona and Phoebe.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:15
label: divine healers
assigned_to:
- fig:11
- fig:12
basis: Latona and Phoebe heal Aeneas’s wound and restore his strength and glory.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:16
label: assumed mortal form
assigned_to:
- fig:13
basis: Mars appears in the form of Acamas, the Thracian guide.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:17
label: reproving ally
assigned_to:
- fig:14
basis: Sarpedon reproaches Hector and urges him to defend Troy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:18
label: rallied leader
assigned_to:
- fig:15
basis: Hector hears the reproof, arms himself, and rouses his troops.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:19
label: threatened city defenders
assigned_to:
- fig:16
basis: The Trojans are described as fleeing, then being stirred and rallied to defend
Troy’s gates, families, and altars.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:20
label: opposing army
assigned_to:
- fig:17
basis: The Greeks fight around the phantom and later condense their powers to await
battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: sacred ichor
literal_form: divine blood from Venus’s wounded palm
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:2
label: healing balm
literal_form: balm infused into Venus’s wound
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: Apollo’s shield
literal_form: mighty shield that screens Aeneas from Tydides
associated_figures:
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: phantom likeness of Aeneas
literal_form: spectral double with Aeneas’s shape and radiant arms
associated_figures:
- fig:9
- fig:10
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:5
label: Troy’s holy place
literal_form: high fane and holy place in Troy where Aeneas is healed
associated_figures:
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:6
label: celestial fire and thunderbolts
literal_form: celestial fires, triple thunder, and bolts of fire associated with
divine power
associated_figures:
- fig:7
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:6
- id: sym:7
label: wives, infants, and altars
literal_form: families and altars named by Sarpedon as things to be defended
associated_figures:
- fig:14
- fig:15
- fig:16
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:8
label: two spears
literal_form: two shining spears brandished by Hector
associated_figures:
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Captioned image of Mars held captive
summary: The passage includes an illustration caption stating that Otus and Ephialtes
hold Mars captive.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Venus healed and admonished in heaven
summary: A divine healer tends Venus’s wounded palm; Pallas and Juno smile, Pallas
mocks Venus’s mischance, and Jove tells Venus that warfare belongs to Mars and
Pallas.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Tydides challenges Apollo’s protection
summary: Tydides presses against Aeneas despite Apollo’s shield; Apollo warns him
to cease and remember the distance between gods and mortals.
figure_refs:
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Aeneas removed, healed, and doubled by a phantom
summary: Apollo carries Aeneas to Troy’s holy place, where Latona and Phoebe heal
him; Apollo creates a phantom Aeneas around which the armies fight.
figure_refs:
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:17
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Mars rallies the Trojans in another form
summary: Apollo summons Mars to avenge divine insult; Mars appears like Acamas and
rebukes the Trojans for retreating while Aeneas suffers.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:13
- fig:16
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:6
label: Sarpedon reproaches Hector
summary: Sarpedon criticizes Hector’s inaction, invokes his own sacrifices as a
Lycian ally, and urges defense of Troy’s families and altars.
figure_refs:
- fig:14
- fig:15
- fig:16
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:7
label: Hector rallies the Trojan line
summary: Hector accepts the rebuke, leaps armed from his chariot, brandishes two
spears, revives the Trojans, and the Greeks gather to meet them.
figure_refs:
- fig:15
- fig:16
- fig:17
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Mortal warrior oversteps against gods and receives divine warning
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Tydides wounds Venus, attacks under Apollo’s protection, and is directly
warned about the gulf between mortal and immortal beings.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:4
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: The passage gives warning and rebuke more than formal punishment within
this line range.
- id: motif:2
label: Divine parent assigns proper sphere to divine child
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_parent_child
basis: Jove calls Venus his daughter and tells her that her domain is charms, while
martial deeds belong to Mars and Pallas.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: The extraction relies on Jove’s speech in this passage and does not infer
broader theology beyond it.
- id: motif:3
label: Divine healing of wounded god or hero
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Venus’s divine wound is treated with balm, and Aeneas is taken to a holy
place where Latona and Phoebe heal and strengthen him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: No available taxonomy reference exactly matches divine battlefield healing.
- id: motif:4
label: Phantom double substitutes for endangered warrior
taxonomy_refs:
- shapeshifter
basis: Apollo creates a phantom identical in shape and arms to Aeneas, and the armies
fight around the spectre while the real Aeneas is healed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a created phantom rather than a figure personally changing shape;
the shapeshifter taxonomy is only approximate.
- id: motif:5
label: God appears in mortal form to rally warriors
taxonomy_refs:
- shapeshifter
basis: Mars enters battle in the form of Acamas and speaks to the Trojan chiefs
to renew their courage.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: The passage states the assumed form but does not describe the mechanics
of transformation.
- id: motif:6
label: Reproach awakens warrior leadership
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Sarpedon’s rebuke prompts Hector to leap armed from his chariot and rally
the Trojans from flight.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: No available taxonomy reference closely fits battlefield exhortation and
shame-based leadership.
- id: motif:7
label: Defense of city, family, and altars as war obligation
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
basis: Sarpedon frames Hector’s duty in terms of Troy’s walls, wives, infants, and
altars, and Hector responds as a leader.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: Royal legitimacy is an approximate taxonomy fit; the passage emphasizes
martial responsibility rather than coronation or descent.
- id: motif:8
label: God held captive by giant-like figures in caption
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The illustration caption names Otus and Ephialtes holding Mars captive.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: low
cautions: Only the illustration caption is present in the passage; no narrative
details are supplied in this line range.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: quote
locator: lines 6101-6102
quote_or_summary: 'Illustration caption: “OTUS AND EPHIALTES HOLDING MARS CAPTIVE.”'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short excerpt used.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 6103-6115
quote_or_summary: A divine speaker warns the son of Tydeus that whoever contends
with heavenly power has a short span of glory and may die before returning to
wife and child.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 6116-6136
quote_or_summary: Venus’s wounded palm is treated with ichor wiped away and balm
applied; Pallas and Juno smile; Pallas mocks the cause of the wound; Jove tells
Venus that charms, not arms, are her proper sphere.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 6137-6159
quote_or_summary: Tydides attacks while Apollo shields Aeneas; after three attempts
and a fourth approach, Apollo warns him to cease and recognize the immense distance
between deathless gods and mortal man.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 6160-6172
quote_or_summary: Apollo carries Aeneas to Troy’s high fane and holy place; Latona
and Phoebe heal him; Apollo raises a phantom with Aeneas’s shape and arms, and
the armies fight around it.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 6173-6189
quote_or_summary: From Ilion’s tower Apollo calls Mars to avenge attacks on Venus
and himself; Mars enters the plain in the form of Acamas and urges Trojan chiefs
not to flee while Aeneas is wounded.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 6190-6219
quote_or_summary: Sarpedon reproaches Hector for lost valor and lack of leadership,
says he left Lycia with wife and infant behind, and urges defense of Troy’s families,
towers, and altars.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 6220-6232
quote_or_summary: Hector silently accepts the reproof, leaps from his chariot, brandishes
two spears, revives Trojan courage, and the Greeks gather to await the growing
war.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Literal extraction is strong for named actions and speeches. Motif mapping
is partly approximate where available taxonomy lacks exact battlefield categories.
No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not make an explicit
cross-text or cross-tradition comparison.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. The illustration caption was treated as a minimal caption scene and not expanded beyond its wording.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg__l6101-l6232
passage_sha256=aa637eba45b6a86b65e035bfe6943360e61c23f554b2e18d2d49b57c5b2da953