batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l5814-l5955
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l5814-l5955
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
passage_locator:
label: THE BREACH OF THE TRUCE, AND THE FIRST BATTLE. / BOOK V. / ARGUMENT. / THE
ACTS OF DIOMED.; lines 5814-5955
start: '5814'
end: '5955'
translation: The Iliad
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: A Lycian warrior explains that his arrows have failed against Diomed and
regrets leaving his chariots at home. The Dardan leader urges him to use a chariot
and confront Diomed. Sthenelus warns Diomed of the approaching pair, but Diomed
refuses flight, citing Pallas and instructing Sthenelus to seize Aeneas’ divine-bred
horses if possible. The Lycian attacks; Diomed, aided by Pallas, kills him with
a spear.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The Lycian identifies the warrior before them as Diomed and suggests either
a god is disguised as him or a guardian god protects him unseen.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: The Lycian says his arrow wounded Diomed but failed to kill him, which he
attributes to divine opposition.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: The Lycian recounts leaving ten chariots and twenty horses at home, against
the advice of an older warrior.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The Lycian condemns his bow as ineffective in the present battle and vows
to burn it if he survives and returns home.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: The Dardan leader says the bow is Phoebus’ honored gift but that the present
fight requires a chariot and horses.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: The Dardan leader invites the Lycian to mount his chariot and choose either
to drive or to fight with the spear.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: The Lycian chooses to fight with spear and shield while the Dardan leader
guides the horses.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:8
text: Both warriors mount the chariot and drive into battle toward Diomed.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:9
text: Sthenelus warns Diomed that two powerful chiefs, including the heir of Lycaon
and Aeneas of divine race, are approaching him.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:10
text: Diomed refuses to retreat or mount his own chariot and declares that at least
one of the approaching chiefs will die.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: Diomed says Pallas tells him not to flee.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:12
text: Diomed orders Sthenelus, if both enemies fall, to seize Aeneas’ horses of
ethereal breed.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:13
text: Diomed recounts that the horses descend from a race bestowed by the thundering
god on Tros for Ganymede, and that Anchises stole an unknown breed from Laomedon
by using mortal mares.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:14
text: The Lycian throws a spear that pierces Diomed’s shield and lodges in his cuirass,
but Diomed remains alive.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:15
text: Diomed throws a spear driven by Pallas and kills the Lycian with a wound through
the face.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:16
text: The Lycian falls from the chariot; his armor sounds on the ground, the horses
tremble, and his soul goes to the realms of night.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Diomed / Tydides
description: Greek warrior identified as Diomed the bold and Tydides; he refuses
flight and kills the Lycian with a spear aided by Pallas.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:8
- ev:11
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: The Lycian / Lycaon’s son
description: Archer and warrior who regrets leaving his chariots at home, attacks
Diomed from a chariot, and is killed by Diomed.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:10
- ev:11
- ev:12
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Leader of the Dardan race / great neas
description: Dardan leader described as sprung from divine race; he owns the fighting
horses and chariot used in the approach against Diomed.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Sthenelus
description: Companion of Diomed who warns him of the two approaching chiefs and
is instructed to seize Aeneas’ horses if possible.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Pallas
description: Divine figure whom Diomed says forbids his flight and who drives Diomed’s
spear into a vital part.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:11
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Phoebus
description: Divine figure associated with the bow as an honored gift.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Jove / thundering god
description: Divine figure invoked as possibly assisting the foe; also described
as having bestowed horses on Tros for Ganymede.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:9
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Tros
description: Recipient of horses bestowed by the thundering god for Ganymede.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Ganymede
description: Figure for whom the thundering god bestowed horses on Tros; described
as ravished.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Anchises
description: Figure said to have stolen an unknown breed from Laomedon through mortal
mares.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Laomedon
description: Figure from whom Anchises is said to have stolen a breed.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
label: battle hero refusing flight
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Diomed rejects Sthenelus’ advice to retreat and faces the approaching warriors
on foot.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:2
label: failed archer turned spear-fighter
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The Lycian says his arrows no longer kill and chooses to charge Diomed with
spear and shield.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: role:3
label: chariot owner and driver
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The Dardan leader offers his chariot and horses, and the Lycian asks him
to guide them.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:4
label: warning companion
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Sthenelus sees the approaching chiefs and warns Diomed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:5
label: slain opponent
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The Lycian is struck in the face by Diomed’s spear, falls, and dies.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
- id: role:6
label: divine helper in battle
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Pallas forbids Diomed to flee and drives his spear into a vital part.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:11
- id: role:7
label: divine-lineage warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Sthenelus describes the Dardan leader as sprung from a divine race.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:8
label: divine giver or source of martial advantage
assigned_to:
- fig:6
- fig:7
basis: Phoebus is linked to the bow as a gift; the thundering god bestows horses
on Tros.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:9
- id: role:9
label: recipient of divine horses
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: Tros receives horses from the thundering god for Ganymede.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:10
label: ravished beloved or youth
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Ganymede is named as the reason for the thundering god’s bestowal of horses
on Tros.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:11
label: stealer of a breed
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Anchises is said to have stolen a breed unknown from Laomedon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:12
label: owner deprived of breed
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: The breed stolen by Anchises is said to come from Laomedon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: bow
literal_form: The Lycian’s bow, described as formerly fatal but now ineffective
and fit to be broken and burned if he returns home.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: sym:2
label: chariot and coursers
literal_form: War chariot and trained horses used to enter battle, flee, turn, stop,
chase, and withstand shock.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: sym:3
label: ethereal-bred horses
literal_form: Aeneas’ horses, described as descended from a race bestowed by the
thundering god on Tros for Ganymede.
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: sym:4
label: fire for destroying the failed bow
literal_form: Blazing flames that the Lycian says shall consume his broken bow if
he survives.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:5
label: spear
literal_form: The close-combat weapon used by the Lycian against Diomed and by Diomed,
aided by Pallas, to kill the Lycian.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Lycian explains the failure of his arrows
summary: The Lycian identifies Diomed and says his arrow wounded but did not kill
him because a god seems to protect him.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Regret over abandoned chariots and ineffective bow
summary: The Lycian describes leaving chariots and horses at home, regrets relying
on the bow, and vows to burn it if he survives.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Dardan leader proposes chariot assault
summary: The Dardan leader defends the bow as Phoebus’ gift but says chariot and
horses are needed, then arranges with the Lycian who will drive and who will fight.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: scene:4
label: Warning and refusal of retreat
summary: Sthenelus warns Diomed of the approaching chiefs, but Diomed rejects flight,
cites Pallas’ command, and plans to seize the divine-bred horses if both enemies
fall.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: scene:5
label: Spear exchange and death of the Lycian
summary: The Lycian’s spear pierces Diomed’s shield and cuirass without killing
him; Diomed’s spear, driven by Pallas, kills the Lycian, who falls from the chariot.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: divine protection of a warrior in battle
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The Lycian interprets Diomed’s survival as the result of a god’s unseen protection,
and Diomed later says Pallas forbids him to flee.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: The passage reports characters’ interpretations and divine involvement
rather than a formal motif label.
- id: motif:2
label: divine aid guiding the fatal weapon
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Diomed’s spear is explicitly said to be driven by Pallas into a vital part
of the Lycian.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
confidence: high
cautions: Limited to a single battle action in this passage.
- id: motif:3
label: failed martial implement rejected and consigned to fire
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The Lycian declares that his bow no longer kills and vows to break it and
feed it to flames if he returns home.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a personal vow within battle speech; broader ritual or symbolic
meaning is not established by the passage.
- id: motif:4
label: divine exchange for Ganymede
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: The thundering god is said to have bestowed exceptional horses on Tros for
ravished Ganymede.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: The exchange is an embedded genealogical explanation of horses, not the
main narrated event.
- id: motif:5
label: theft of a special breed
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_theft
basis: Anchises is said to have stolen an unknown breed from Laomedon by means of
mortal mares.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage gives only a brief allusion without narrating the theft in
detail.
- id: motif:6
label: warrior of divine lineage
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_parent_child
basis: Sthenelus describes the Dardan leader as sprung from divine race.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: low
cautions: The passage states divine descent broadly but does not specify the parent-child
relationship here.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 5814-5831
quote_or_summary: The Lycian identifies Diomed, says a god may be disguised as him
or protecting him unseen, and says an arrow that should have killed him was frustrated
by a god.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 5832-5845
quote_or_summary: The Lycian says he came on foot with bow and darts, leaving ten
chariots and twenty horses at home despite an elder’s advice to use them in war.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 5846-5861
quote_or_summary: The Lycian regrets his rashness, says his shafts now provoke rather
than kill, and vows that if he returns home he will break the bow and burn it.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: 5862-5877
quote_or_summary: The Dardan leader tells him not to disgrace Phoebus’ gift, but
says they need a rushing chariot and bounding steed; he offers his horses and
asks the Lycian to take either reins or spear.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 5878-5889
quote_or_summary: The Lycian replies that the Dardan leader should guide his own
horses, while he himself will charge Diomed with spear and shield.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 5890-5894
quote_or_summary: Both heroes mount the glittering chariot and the horses rush into
the war; Sthenelus sees their approach.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 5895-5902
quote_or_summary: 'Sthenelus warns Diomed that two mighty chiefs are coming: the
heir of Lycaon and great Aeneas, sprung from divine race; he urges Diomed to mount
his chariot and save his life.'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 5903-5922
quote_or_summary: Diomed rejects flight, says he will face the foe on foot, declares
at least one approaching chief will die, and says Pallas tells him not to flee.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: 5923-5940
quote_or_summary: Diomed tells Sthenelus to seize Aeneas’ horses if both enemies
fall; he describes their race as descended from horses bestowed by the thundering
god on Tros for Ganymede, and says Anchises stole a breed from Laomedon.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 5941-5950
quote_or_summary: The Lycian announces that the spear may succeed where the arrow
failed, throws it, and it pierces Diomed’s shield and lodges in his cuirass; he
mistakenly boasts that Diomed lies defeated.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 5951-5955
quote_or_summary: Diomed replies that the Lycian’s dart has erred, then throws a
spear driven by Pallas, striking the Lycian fatally through the face.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: '5955'
quote_or_summary: The Lycian falls headlong, his helmet and arms sound on the ground,
the horses tremble, and his soul seeks the realms of night.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: Literal action and figure extraction is strong; motif assignment is cautious
because several motifs are brief allusions within battle speech rather than full
narrative episodes. No comparison claims were added beyond the supplied passage.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Names are primarily represented as they appear or are described in the passage; normalized identity for 'neas' is inferred from the passage label and context but flagged for review.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg__l5814-l5955
passage_sha256=7e2871a0f9b3bc5cdba64aab5dc18e8636ce0c0736bad7d3a15d1fa236accc00