batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l25077-l25187
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l25077-l25187
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
passage_locator:
label: THE REDEMPTION OF THE BODY OF HECTOR. / CONCLUDING NOTE. / A. POPE / END
OF THE ILIAD; lines 25077-25187
start: '25077'
end: '25187'
translation: The Iliad
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: 'The passage is a concluding-note section with poetic excerpts and editorial
notes: a rock-and-sea simile; a note on Protesilaus as the first Greek slain by
Hector after leaping from a ship; a discussion of heroic friendship, especially
Achilles and Patroclus, with other Greek companion pairs; a wolf simile; a note
on fate and Zeus/Jupiter in relation to Sarpedon; a note on Patroclus mounting
Troy''s battlements; a geographical note on the Ciconians; and poetic examples
of animals mourning slain masters or companions.'
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: A simile describes a figure standing firm like a rock resisting tempest and
waves.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Protesilaus is identified as the first Greek who fell, slain by Hector after
leaping from a vessel to the Trojan shore.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Protesilaus is said to have been buried on the Chersonese near Plagusa.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The note describes Greek heroic friendships as intimate, durable attachments
in which companions are ready to die for one another.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: The argument of the Iliad is described as mainly turning on Achilles' affection
for Patroclus.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:6
text: A wolf simile describes hungry wolves rushing through fields while their whelps
at home expect food and blood.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:7
text: A note states that Zeus or Jupiter is popularly taken as omnipotent in the
mythology of the Iliad.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:8
text: Zeus/Jupiter laments that Sarpedon is fated to be slain by Patroclus and considers
rescuing him alive to Lycia.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:9
text: Juno answers that Zeus/Jupiter may rescue a mortal destined by fate, but the
other gods do not sanction it.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:10
text: Patroclus is said to mount Troy's wall three times in armour.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:11
text: The Ciconians are identified as a Thracian people near the Hebrus.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:12
text: A poetic example describes a horse standing by a manger, refusing grain, and
weeping for slain associates and master.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:13
text: Another poetic example describes herds on mountains lowing and wandering comfortless
for their master.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Protesilaus
description: A Greek warrior described as the first Greek who fell, slain by Hector
after leaping from a vessel to the Trojan shore.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Hector
description: The Trojan warrior named as the slayer of Protesilaus.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Achilles
description: A Greek hero whose affection for Patroclus is said to be central to
the Iliad's argument.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Patroclus
description: The beloved companion of Achilles; also described in notes as Sarpedon's
destined killer and as mounting Troy's wall three times in armour.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Zeus/Jupiter
description: The father of gods and men, described in the note as popularly omnipotent
and as deliberating over Sarpedon's fate.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Juno
description: A goddess who answers Zeus/Jupiter regarding whether he should rescue
a mortal long destined by fate.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Sarpedon
description: A mortal described as dear to Zeus/Jupiter and fated to be slain by
Patroclus.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Hercules and Iolaus
description: A heroic friendship pair cited as an example of intimate heroic companionship.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Theseus and Pirithous
description: A heroic friendship pair cited as an example of intimate heroic companionship.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Orestes and Pylades
description: A heroic friendship pair cited as an example of intimate heroic companionship.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Idomeneus and Meriones
description: A pair whose mutual regard is said to be viewed in the same light as
other heroic friendships.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Diomedes and Sthenelus
description: A pair whose mutual regard is said to be viewed in the same light as
other heroic friendships.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Hungry wolves and whelps
description: Wolves in a simile rush through fields while their whelps at home expect
food.
role_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Mourning horse
description: A horse in a poetic example stands inactive by a manger and weeps for
slain associates and master.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Comfortless herds
description: Herds in a poetic example low on mountains and wander comfortless for
their master.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
roles:
- id: role:1
label: first fallen Greek warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The note says Protesilaus was the first Greek who fell.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:2
label: slayer
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Hector is named as the one who slew Protesilaus.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:3
label: beloved heroic companion
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:4
basis: The note describes Achilles' affection for Patroclus and Patroclus' love
tempered by reverence.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:4
label: destined killer
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Sarpedon is said to be fated to be slain by Patroclus.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:5
label: assaulting warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Patroclus is said to mount the Trojan wall three times in armour.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:6
label: deliberating supreme god
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Zeus/Jupiter is described as omnipotent and as considering whether to save
or destroy Sarpedon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: role:7
label: divine respondent
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Juno responds to Zeus/Jupiter's proposal to rescue Sarpedon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:8
label: fated mortal
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Sarpedon is described as a mortal long destined by fate to die.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:9
label: heroic companion pair
assigned_to:
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
basis: The note lists these pairs as examples of durable heroic friendship or mutual
regard.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:10
label: mourning animal
assigned_to:
- fig:14
- fig:15
basis: The poetic examples describe animals grieving for a slain or absent master
and associates.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: steadfast rock against sea
literal_form: rock, tempest, rising waves, sea-weeds, tides
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: ship-to-shore death passage
literal_form: vessel and Trojan shore
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:3
label: heroic brother-in-arms
literal_form: companion hero beside another hero
associated_figures:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: sym:4
label: hungry wolves and blood
literal_form: wolves, whelps, promised food, blood
associated_figures:
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:5
label: fate and divine rescue
literal_form: destiny, divine deliberation, rescue from battle, return to Lycia
associated_figures:
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: sym:6
label: accessible city wall
literal_form: Troy's wall or battlements mounted without ladder
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: sym:7
label: mourning animal by manger
literal_form: inactive steed, manger, refused grain, tears
associated_figures:
- fig:14
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: sym:8
label: mourning herds on mountains
literal_form: mountains, lowing herds, wandering without comfort
associated_figures:
- fig:15
taxonomy_refs:
- mountain
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Steadfastness compared to a sea-beaten rock
summary: A poetic simile presents unmoved endurance through the image of a rock
resisting tempest and waves.
figure_refs: []
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: First Greek death at the Trojan shore
summary: Protesilaus leaps from a vessel to the Trojan shore, is slain by Hector,
and is later buried on the Chersonese near Plagusa.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Catalogue and interpretation of heroic friendships
summary: The note describes Greek heroic friendship as durable and self-sacrificing,
naming Achilles and Patroclus and several other companion pairs.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Wolf-rush simile
summary: A simile compares a sudden rush to hungry wolves ranging through fields
while their whelps await food and blood.
figure_refs:
- fig:13
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Zeus/Jupiter deliberates over Sarpedon
summary: Zeus/Jupiter laments Sarpedon's fated death by Patroclus and considers
saving him; Juno replies that such rescue is possible but not sanctioned by the
other gods.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: scene:6
label: Patroclus at the battlements
summary: A military note says Patroclus mounts Troy's wall three times in armour,
illustrating the accessibility of the wall in the described warfare.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: scene:7
label: Animals mourn slain or absent masters
summary: Poetic examples describe a horse weeping by a manger for slain associates
and master, and herds lowing on mountains for their master.
figure_refs:
- fig:14
- fig:15
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: heroic companion pair ready to die for one another
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The note explicitly describes heroic companions as having nearly one heart
and soul and being ready to die for one another, with Achilles and Patroclus as
the central Iliadic example.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: This is an editorial note rather than a direct narrative episode in the
poem.
- id: motif:2
label: first warrior slain upon landing
taxonomy_refs:
- departure
basis: Protesilaus is described as the first Greek to fall, killed after leaping
from a vessel to the Trojan shore.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: The available taxonomy reference is broad; the passage does not frame
the event as a full departure motif.
- id: motif:3
label: fated death debated by a god
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_judgment
basis: Zeus/Jupiter laments Sarpedon's destined death and considers rescuing him,
while Juno comments on the implications for the gods.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage discusses fate and divine power more than judgment in a strict
sense.
- id: motif:4
label: animal mourning for human master or companions
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The examples describe a horse weeping for slain associates and master and
herds wandering comfortless for their master.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
confidence: high
cautions: These examples are cited from other works within the note and are not
presented as Iliad narrative action in this passage.
- id: motif:5
label: steadfast hero as sea-beaten rock
taxonomy_refs:
- water
basis: The poetic excerpt compares immovability to a rock braving tempest and waves.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: The immediate referent of the simile is not named within the provided
passage.
- id: motif:6
label: predatory war-rush as hungry wolves
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The quoted simile compares a rushing group to hungry wolves whose whelps
await food and blood.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The actors compared to wolves are not identified in the provided excerpt.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage itself groups Achilles and Patroclus with Hercules and Iolaus,
Theseus and Pirithous, Orestes and Pylades, Idomeneus and Meriones, and Diomedes
and Sthenelus as examples of the same Greek heroic companion pattern.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Greek heroic companion pairs
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The grouping is made by the cited commentator in a note, not by the
Iliad narrator in the excerpt.
- id: claim:2
claim: The note cautiously compares the Sarpedon episode to a pattern in which a
deity recognizes fate yet contemplates intervening to save a mortal.
claim_level: same_function
target: fated death with possible divine rescue
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:8
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage gives only one Iliadic example and does not compare it
with a broader corpus beyond its own explanatory argument.
- id: claim:3
claim: The cited animal-lament examples place mourning horses and herds in a shared
poetic pattern of animals grieving for masters or companions.
claim_level: same_function
target: animal mourning in poetic lament
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- ev:12
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The examples are from cited poetic parallels, and the passage does
not claim historical relationship among them.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: quote
locator: 25077-25081
quote_or_summary: "“like a rock unmovd” that braves “tempest” and “rising waves.”"
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text; short excerpt used.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: note [242]
quote_or_summary: Protesilaus was the first Greek who fell, slain by Hector as he
leaped from the vessel to the Trojan shore; he was buried on the Chersonese near
Plagusa.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: note [243]
quote_or_summary: The note describes Greek heroic friendships as intimate and durable;
companions seem to have one heart and soul and are ready to die for one another;
examples include Hercules and Iolaus, Theseus and Pirithous, and Orestes and Pylades.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: note [243]
quote_or_summary: The note says the Iliad's argument mainly turns on Achilles' affection
for Patroclus, and also cites the mutual regard of Idomeneus and Meriones and
of Diomedes and Sthenelus.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: note [244]
quote_or_summary: A quoted simile describes hungry wolves ranging through fields
while their whelps expect food and blood, followed by “So rushd we forth at once.”
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized with brief excerpt.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: note [245]
quote_or_summary: The note states that in the Iliad's mythology Zeus or Jupiter
is popularly taken as omnipotent, with no distinct empire assigned to fate or
fortune.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: note [245]
quote_or_summary: Zeus/Jupiter laments that Sarpedon, dear to him, is fated to be
slain by Patroclus and considers whether to snatch him from battle and place him
alive in Lycia.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: note [245]
quote_or_summary: Juno asks whether Zeus/Jupiter means to rescue from death a mortal
long destined by fate, saying he may do it but the other gods do not sanction
it.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: note [246]
quote_or_summary: The note says the wall of Troy was accessible without a ladder
and that Patroclus mounts it three times in armour.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: note [247]
quote_or_summary: The Ciconians are identified as a people of Thrace near the Hebrus.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: note [248]
quote_or_summary: A cited poetic passage describes an inactive horse by a manger,
refusing grain and weeping for slain associates and master.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: note [248]
quote_or_summary: A cited poetic passage describes herds on mountains lowing and
wandering comfortless for their master.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain text summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage consists chiefly of editorial notes and quoted parallels, so
extraction is reliable for literal content but motif assignment requires caution.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Taxonomy references are limited to available refs and left empty where no exact match was supported.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg__l25077-l25187
passage_sha256=eaea429fc1675419fac399649d4327a5e03520abff3fe0ab5667333e87b3620f