batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l23271-l23326
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l23271-l23326
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
passage_locator:
label: BOOK XXIV. / ARGUMENT. / THE REDEMPTION OF THE BODY OF HECTOR. / CONCLUDING
NOTE.; lines 23271-23326
start: '23271'
end: '23326'
translation: The Iliad
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: 'A concluding editorial note states that the Iliad has ended with the anger
of Achilles, then summarizes later events: Troy is taken by the wooden horse;
Achilles, Priam, Ajax, and Agamemnon die; Helen betrays Deiphobus and is received
again by Menelaus; Diomed, Nestor, and Ulysses have different postwar outcomes;
and the translator closes with a dedication to Mr. Congreve.'
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The note says the Iliad has brought the anger of Achilles and its effects
to an end, and that the poem does not proceed to the event of the war.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Troy is said to have been taken soon after Hector's death by the stratagem
of the wooden horse.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Achilles is said to have fallen before Troy by Paris's arrow shot in his heel,
as Hector had prophesied at death.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Priam is said to have been killed by Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: Ajax contests with Ulysses for the armour of Vulcan; after being defeated,
he kills himself through indignation.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:6
text: Helen marries Deiphobus after Paris's death, then betrays Deiphobus at the
taking of Troy to reconcile herself to Menelaus, who receives her again into favour.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:7
text: Agamemnon is murdered upon his return by gysthus, at the instigation of Clytemnestra,
who had dishonoured his bed with gysthus during his absence.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:8
text: Diomed is expelled from his country after Troy's fall, barely escapes his
wife gial, is received by Daunus in Apulia, shares Daunus's kingdom, and has an
uncertain death.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:9
text: Nestor lives in peace with his children in Pylos.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:10
text: Ulysses, after many troubles by sea and land, returns safely to Ithaca; the
note identifies this as the subject of Homer's Odyssey.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Achilles
description: His anger is described as the subject of the poem; he later falls before
Troy from Paris's arrow in his heel.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Hector
description: His death precedes the taking of Troy; he is said to have prophesied
Achilles' death at his own death.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Paris
description: He kills Achilles by shooting an arrow into his heel.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Priam
description: He is killed by Pyrrhus.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Pyrrhus
description: The son of Achilles who kills Priam.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Ajax
description: He competes with Ulysses for the armour of Vulcan and kills himself
after defeat.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Ulysses
description: He wins the contest for the armour of Vulcan and later returns safely
to Ithaca after many troubles.
role_refs:
- role:7
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:10
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Vulcan
description: Named as the source or maker associated with the armour contested by
Ajax and Ulysses.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Helen
description: After Paris's death she marries Deiphobus, betrays him at Troy's taking,
and reconciles with Menelaus.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Deiphobus
description: Paris's brother; he marries Helen and is betrayed by her at the taking
of Troy.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Menelaus
description: Helen's first husband, who receives her again into favour.
role_refs:
- role:12
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Agamemnon
description: He is murdered on his return by gysthus at Clytemnestra's instigation.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: gysthus
description: As printed in the passage, the person who murders Agamemnon and with
whom Clytemnestra dishonoured Agamemnon's bed.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Clytemnestra
description: Agamemnon's wife, said to instigate his murder after dishonouring his
bed with gysthus.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Diomed
description: After Troy's fall he is expelled from his country, escapes his wife
gial, is received by Daunus in Apulia, and shares Daunus's kingdom.
role_refs:
- role:14
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:16
name_or_label: gial
description: As printed in the passage, Diomed's adulterous wife, from whom he barely
escapes with his life.
role_refs:
- role:13
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:17
name_or_label: Daunus
description: He receives Diomed in Apulia and shares his kingdom with him.
role_refs:
- role:15
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:18
name_or_label: Nestor
description: He lives in peace with his children in Pylos.
role_refs:
- role:16
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:19
name_or_label: Nestor's children
description: They live with Nestor in peace in Pylos.
role_refs:
- role:17
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: fig:20
name_or_label: Mr. Congreve
description: The translator names him as a valuable man and writer to whom the completed
work is dedicated.
role_refs:
- role:18
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
label: poem-subject hero
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The note says the anger of Achilles and its effects were the subject of the
poem.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: deathbed prophet
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: Hector is said to have prophesied Achilles' death at his own death.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:3
label: slain royal or heroic figure
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:12
basis: Achilles, Priam, and Agamemnon are each described as killed or murdered after
the poem's end.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:7
- id: role:4
label: killer
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:13
basis: Paris kills Achilles, Pyrrhus kills Priam, and gysthus murders Agamemnon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:7
- id: role:5
label: son of Achilles
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The passage identifies Pyrrhus as the son of Achilles.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: defeated contestant who kills himself
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: Ajax loses the contest for Vulcan's armour and then slays himself.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:7
label: victorious contestant
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Ulysses is Ajax's opponent in the contest for Vulcan's armour, and Ajax is
defeated.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:8
label: troubled returner
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Ulysses returns safely to Ithaca after innumerable troubles by sea and land.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: role:9
label: named source of contested armour
assigned_to:
- fig:8
basis: The armour is identified as the armour of Vulcan.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:10
label: betraying spouse seeking reconciliation
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: Helen betrays Deiphobus to reconcile herself to Menelaus.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:11
label: betrayed husband
assigned_to:
- fig:10
basis: Deiphobus marries Helen and is betrayed by her at the taking of Troy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:12
label: reconciled first husband
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: Menelaus is identified as Helen's first husband and receives her again into
favour.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:13
label: adulterous or instigating spouse
assigned_to:
- fig:14
- fig:16
basis: Clytemnestra dishonours Agamemnon's bed and instigates his murder; gial is
called Diomed's adulterous wife.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:8
- id: role:14
label: exiled survivor
assigned_to:
- fig:15
basis: Diomed is expelled after Troy's fall and later received in Apulia.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:15
label: royal host
assigned_to:
- fig:17
basis: Daunus receives Diomed and shares his kingdom with him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:16
label: peaceful elder survivor
assigned_to:
- fig:18
basis: Nestor lives peacefully in Pylos with his children.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:17
label: children in peaceful household
assigned_to:
- fig:19
basis: Nestor's children are named as living with him in peace in Pylos.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:18
label: dedicatee
assigned_to:
- fig:20
basis: The translator states a desire to dedicate the completed work to Mr. Congreve.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: wooden horse
literal_form: wooden horse
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:2
label: arrow in the heel
literal_form: arrow shot in Achilles' heel
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: armour of Vulcan
literal_form: armour of Vulcan
associated_figures:
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:4
label: Ithaca
literal_form: Ithaca as the place of Ulysses' safe return
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: sym:5
label: Pylos
literal_form: Pylos as Nestor's peaceful native country
associated_figures:
- fig:18
- fig:19
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Editorial transition from the Iliad to later events
summary: The note states that the Iliad has ended with the conclusion of Achilles'
anger and introduces a summary of later events after the poem.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Troy taken by wooden horse
summary: Troy is taken soon after Hector's death through the stratagem of the wooden
horse.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:3
label: Deaths of Achilles and Priam
summary: Achilles dies from Paris's arrow shot in the heel, and Priam is killed
by Pyrrhus.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Contest for Vulcan's armour
summary: Ajax and Ulysses compete for the armour of Vulcan; Ajax loses and kills
himself.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Helen, Deiphobus, and Menelaus at the fall of Troy
summary: Helen marries Deiphobus after Paris dies, betrays him when Troy is taken,
and is received again by Menelaus.
figure_refs:
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:6
label: Agamemnon's fatal return
summary: Agamemnon is murdered after returning, through gysthus and Clytemnestra's
instigation.
figure_refs:
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:14
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:7
label: Postwar destinies of Diomed, Nestor, and Ulysses
summary: Diomed is exiled and later hosted by Daunus; Nestor lives peacefully in
Pylos; Ulysses returns safely to Ithaca after many troubles.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
- fig:15
- fig:16
- fig:17
- fig:18
- fig:19
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:10
- id: scene:8
label: Translator's closing dedication
summary: The translator declines formal apologies and dedicates the completed work
to Mr. Congreve.
figure_refs:
- fig:20
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: deceptive capture of a city by a wooden horse
taxonomy_refs:
- trickster_boundary
basis: Troy is said to be taken by the stratagem of the wooden horse.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: The note gives only a brief reference and no details of the stratagem
itself.
- id: motif:2
label: foretold vulnerable death of a hero
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Achilles dies from an arrow shot in his heel, matching Hector's deathbed
prophecy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: The passage summarizes the event rather than narrating it.
- id: motif:3
label: contest for divine armour ending in self-destruction
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Ajax and Ulysses contend for the armour of Vulcan; Ajax is defeated and kills
himself through indignation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: The passage does not describe the contest's procedure or judgment.
- id: motif:4
label: betrayal of a later husband to restore a first marriage
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Helen betrays Deiphobus in order to reconcile herself to Menelaus, who receives
her into favour.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: The note compresses the marital and political context into a single sentence.
- id: motif:5
label: fatal homecoming after war
taxonomy_refs:
- return
basis: Agamemnon is murdered upon his return by gysthus at Clytemnestra's instigation.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: medium
cautions: The return motif is present, but the passage emphasizes murder rather
than a successful homecoming.
- id: motif:6
label: safe homecoming after many sea and land trials
taxonomy_refs:
- return
basis: Ulysses returns safely to Ithaca after innumerable troubles by sea and land.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
confidence: high
cautions: The note identifies the broader story but does not recount the individual
trials.
- id: motif:7
label: exile followed by royal reception and shared kingship
taxonomy_refs:
- return
- royal_legitimacy
basis: Diomed is expelled from his own country, received by Daunus in Apulia, and
shares his kingdom.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage says he is expelled rather than returned home; the taxonomy
fit is partial.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The note explicitly connects the wooden-horse capture of Troy with Virgil's
account in the second book of the 'neid' as printed in the passage.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Virgil, second book of the 'neid' as named in the note
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: This is an editorial cross-reference, not a detailed comparative analysis
within the passage.
- id: claim:2
claim: The note identifies Ulysses' troubled but safe return to Ithaca as the subject
of Homer's Odyssey.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Homer's Odyssey
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: Only the broad homecoming pattern is stated; individual Odyssey episodes
are not described.
- id: claim:3
claim: The note links Achilles' death by an arrow in the heel with Hector's earlier
prophecy at his death in Book XXII.
claim_level: same_function
target: Hector's prophecy in Iliad Book XXII as referenced by the note
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: This is an intra-textual fulfillment reference summarized by the note;
the referenced passage is not included here.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: 23273-23279
quote_or_summary: The note says the Iliad has ended with the anger of Achilles and
its effects, and introduces a short account of what happened after the poem.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: 23281-23283
quote_or_summary: Troy was taken soon after Hector's death by the stratagem of the
wooden horse, with particulars said to be in Virgil's second book of the 'neid'
as printed.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: 23285-23287
quote_or_summary: Achilles fell before Troy by Paris's arrow shot in his heel, as
Hector had prophesied at his death.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: '23289'
quote_or_summary: Priam was killed by Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: 23291-23294
quote_or_summary: Ajax contested with Ulysses for the armour of Vulcan, was defeated,
and killed himself through indignation.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: 23296-23299
quote_or_summary: Helen married Deiphobus after Paris died, betrayed Deiphobus when
Troy was taken, and was received again by Menelaus.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: 23301-23304
quote_or_summary: Agamemnon, on his return, was murdered by gysthus at Clytemnestra's
instigation after she had dishonoured his bed with gysthus.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized; names follow the supplied passage
spelling where relevant.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: 23306-23310
quote_or_summary: Diomed was expelled after Troy's fall, barely escaped from his
wife gial, was received by Daunus in Apulia, shared his kingdom, and has an uncertain
death.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized; names follow the supplied passage
spelling where relevant.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: '23312'
quote_or_summary: Nestor lived in peace with his children in Pylos, his native country.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: 23314-23316
quote_or_summary: Ulysses returned safely to Ithaca after innumerable troubles by
sea and land; this is identified as the subject of Homer's Odyssey.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: 23318-23326
quote_or_summary: The translator closes by declining formal leave-taking or apology
and dedicating the completed work to Mr. Congreve.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is an editorial concluding note summarizing later mythic events
rather than a continuous narrative scene. Some names appear in the supplied text
with nonstandard spellings, which are preserved where relevant. Motif assignments
are conservative and based only on the note's summaries.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No external sources were used. Available taxonomy references were applied only where the supplied passage directly supported them.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg__l23271-l23326
passage_sha256=5f76cab50df7dfe7d253a1cd834385eb37b8d16420fde05b3d6c98540e4ddeeb