batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l14216-l14272
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg-l14216-l14272
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
passage_locator:
label: BOOK XIII. / ARGUMENT. / BOOK XIV. / JUNO DECEIVES JUPITER BY THE GIRDLE
OF VENUS.; lines 14216-14272
start: '14216'
end: '14272'
translation: The Iliad
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: In battle, Peneleus attacks a Trojan boaster but kills Ilioneus with a
spear through the eye and neck, then beheads him and taunts the Trojans with the
grief his parents will hear. The Trojans tremble and flee. The narrator invokes
the nine daughters of Jove on Olympus to tell which Greek heroes first made kills
when Neptune made Troy yield, followed by a catalogue of slain warriors and their
killers.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Peneleus directs himself against a proud boaster, who flees from him.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Ilioneus is identified as the only care of his father Phorbas.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Hermes is said to have loved Phorbas and taught him arts of gain.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: A spear strikes Ilioneus in the eye, passes through the neck, and throws him
to the ground.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:5
text: Peneleus cuts off Ilioneus's head and lifts the head with the spear still
through the bleeding eye.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:6
text: Peneleus speaks insultingly to the Trojans and tells them to carry news of
Ilioneus to his father and mother.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: Peneleus tosses the head on high; the Trojans hear, tremble, and flee.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:8
text: The narrator invokes the nine daughters of Jove on Olympus as all-beholding
and all-recording.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:9
text: The narrator asks the daughters of Jove to say which Greek chief or hero first
bloodied the field when Neptune made Ilion yield.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:10
text: A catalogue follows naming Greek warriors and the opponents they kill or rout.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Peneleus
description: A bold Greek warrior who kills and beheads Ilioneus, then taunts the
Trojans.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Ilioneus
description: A young Trojan, son of Phorbas, killed by Peneleus with a spear and
then beheaded.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Phorbas
description: Ilioneus's father, rich among the Trojan train, loved by Hermes and
taught arts of gain.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Hermes
description: A god who loved Phorbas and taught him arts of gain.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Trojans
description: The Trojan group addressed by Peneleus and described as trembling and
fleeing after he displays the head.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Daughters of Jove / the nine
description: All-beholding, all-recording nine invoked as shining on Olympus.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Neptune
description: A god named in the narrator's question as making proud Ilion yield.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Ajax
description: Named as the first to lay Hyrtius on the plain.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Hyrtius
description: Leader of the Mysian train, slain by Ajax.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Nestor's son
description: A Greek warrior said to have overthrown Phalces and Mermer.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Merion
description: A Greek warrior who slays Morys and Hippotion.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Menelaus
description: A Greek warrior whose steel pierces Hyperenor in the flank.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Hyperenor
description: Called his people's pastor; pierced in the flank by Menelaus and killed.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Ajax the less / Oleus' son
description: A Greek warrior before whom many fall or run; described as skilled
in pursuit and swift in the chase.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
label: Greek killer and taunting victor
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Peneleus kills Ilioneus, displays the head, and speaks insultingly to the
Trojans.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:2
label: Slain warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:9
- fig:13
basis: These figures are explicitly described as killed, laid on the plain, or pierced
and enveloped by darkness.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:6
- id: role:3
label: Bereaved father and Hermes-favored man
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: Phorbas is Ilioneus's father and is said to have been loved and instructed
by Hermes.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:4
label: Divine patron or instructor
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Hermes loved Phorbas and taught him arts of gain.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:5
label: Fearful addressed enemy group
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: The Trojans are addressed by Peneleus and then tremble and flee.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: Invoked divine witnesses and recorders
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The nine daughters of Jove are invoked as all-beholding and all-recording.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:7
label: Divine force in battle outcome
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Neptune is named as making proud Ilion yield.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:8
label: Greek slayer in catalogue
assigned_to:
- fig:8
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:14
basis: These Greek warriors are named in the catalogue as killing, overthrowing,
or routing opponents.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: Severed head as displayed war token
literal_form: Ilioneus's head and helmet, with the lance still through the bleeding
eye, lifted and tossed by Peneleus
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: sym:2
label: Spear through the eye
literal_form: Weapon entering Ilioneus's eye and passing through the neck
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:3
label: Olympus
literal_form: Olympus, where the daughters of Jove shine
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs:
- mountain
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:4
label: Eternal darkness
literal_form: Darkness wrapping the slain Hyperenor as his soul rushes through the
wound
associated_figures:
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Peneleus kills and beheads Ilioneus
summary: Peneleus pursues a fleeing boaster but strikes Ilioneus with a spear through
the eye and neck, then cuts off his head and lifts it.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Taunt and Trojan flight
summary: Peneleus tells the Trojans to report Ilioneus's death to his family, tosses
the head on high, and the Trojans tremble and flee.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:5
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:3
label: Invocation to the daughters of Jove
summary: The narrator calls on the nine all-seeing daughters of Jove on Olympus
to identify which Greek hero first bloodied the field under Neptune's action against
Ilion.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
- fig:7
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:4
label: Catalogue of battlefield kills
summary: A sequence names Ajax, Nestor's son, Merion, Teucer, Menelaus, and Ajax
the less in relation to slain or fleeing opponents.
figure_refs:
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:14
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Warrior displays severed enemy head and taunts opponents
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Peneleus cuts off Ilioneus's head, raises the gory face, speaks insultingly
to the Trojans, and then tosses the head on high.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The passage presents this as battlefield action and intimidation; no broader
ritual meaning is stated.
- id: motif:2
label: Invocation of divine witnesses for heroic catalogue
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The narrator invokes the nine daughters of Jove, described as all-beholding
and all-recording, to name the first Greek heroes in the battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
confidence: high
cautions: The passage supports an invocation-and-catalogue pattern but does not
elaborate the identities beyond 'daughters of Jove' and 'nine'.
- id: motif:3
label: God-favored mortal instructed in wealth-getting arts
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Phorbas is described as loved by Hermes and taught by him the arts of gain.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a brief parenthetical note and is not developed in the scene.
- id: motif:4
label: Divine influence over battle outcome
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The narrator frames the battlefield question with Neptune making proud Ilion
yield.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage names Neptune's role but does not narrate the action in detail
within this excerpt.
- id: motif:5
label: Divine parent-child group
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_parent_child
basis: The invoked nine are explicitly called daughters of Jove.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The parent-child relation is stated only as a title within the invocation.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 14216-14232
quote_or_summary: Peneleus turns against a fleeing boaster; Ilioneus receives the
spear in the eye and neck, falls, is beheaded, and the head is lifted with the
lance still through the bleeding eye.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 14220-14224
quote_or_summary: Ilioneus is identified as Phorbas's only care; Phorbas is rich
among the Trojans, loved by Hermes, and taught arts of gain by Hermes.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 14233-14242
quote_or_summary: Peneleus tells the Trojans to show Ilioneus to his father and
mother and compares their coming grief with the grief of Promachus's household.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 14243-14248
quote_or_summary: After the speech, Peneleus tosses the head on high; the Trojans
tremble, flee, and fear ruin around the fleet and wall.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 14249-14254
quote_or_summary: The narrator invokes the daughters of Jove, the all-beholding
and all-recording nine on Olympus, asking which Greek hero first bloodied the
field when Neptune made Ilion yield.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 14255-14272
quote_or_summary: The catalogue names Ajax killing Hyrtius, Nestor's son overthrowing
Phalces and Mermer, Merion killing Morys and Hippotion, Teucer killing Periphaetes
and Prothoon, Menelaus killing Hyperenor, and Ajax the less pursuing many.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/iliad-pope.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: Literal extraction is straightforward from the passage. Motif labels are
descriptive and should be reviewed for alignment with project taxonomy. No comparison
claims were added because the passage itself does not support a specific comparative
claim beyond internal epic patterns.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Only the supplied passage and metadata were used; the final illustration label was not treated as part of the narrated scene.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-iliad-pope-gutenberg__l14216-l14272
passage_sha256=1007a82d38ac6ab8197357362876ade7466465b5c1d8416feb46ada7dae98359