batch.motif.greek-hesiod-homeric-hymns-evelyn-white-gutenberg-l7926-l7961
---
record_id: batch.motif.greek-hesiod-homeric-hymns-evelyn-white-gutenberg-l7926-l7961
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
passage_locator:
label: THE THEBAID / THE EPIGONI / THE CYPRIA / THE AETHIOPIS; lines 7926-7961
start: '7926'
end: '7961'
translation: Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns, and Homerica
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: A prose summary of the lost epic Aethiopis recounts the arrival and death
of Penthesileia, Achilles' killing and purification, Memnon's arrival and death,
divine actions by Eos and Thetis concerning their sons, Achilles' death and funerary
honors, and later traditions about the Amazon and Aias.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Penthesileia, identified as an Amazon, daughter of Ares, and of Thracian race,
comes to aid the Trojans.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Penthesileia shows great prowess, is killed by Achilles, and is buried by
the Trojans.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: Achilles kills Thersites after Thersites abuses and reviles him for supposed
love for Penthesileia.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: A dispute arises among the Achaeans over the killing of Thersites.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: Achilles sails to Lesbos, sacrifices to Apollo, Artemis, and Leto, and is
purified by Odysseus from bloodshed.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: Memnon, son of Eos, comes to help the Trojans while wearing armour made by
Hephaestus.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:7
text: Thetis tells her son Achilles about Memnon.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:8
text: In battle Antilochus is slain by Memnon, and Memnon is slain by Achilles.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:9
text: Eos obtains immortality from Zeus and bestows it upon her son Memnon.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:10
text: Achilles routs the Trojans, rushes into the city with them, and is killed
by Paris and Apollo.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:11
text: A struggle for Achilles' body follows; Aias carries the body to the ships
while Odysseus drives off the Trojans.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:12
text: The Achaeans bury Antilochus and lay out the body of Achilles.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:13
text: Thetis arrives with the Muses and her sisters, bewails Achilles, catches him
away from the pyre, and transports him to the White Island.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:14
text: The Achaeans pile a cairn for Achilles and hold games in his honour.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:15
text: A dispute arises between Odysseus and Aias over the arms of Achilles.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:16
text: A variant or cited line says that after Hector's burial came the Amazon, daughter
of Ares.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:17
text: A scholion reports that the author of the Aethiopis says Aias killed himself
about dawn.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Penthesileia
description: Amazon, daughter of Ares, of Thracian race, ally of the Trojans, killed
by Achilles and buried by the Trojans.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:2
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:10
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Ares
description: Father of Penthesileia; called great-souled and slayer of men in the
cited variant line.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:10
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Trojans
description: Those aided by Penthesileia and Memnon; they bury Penthesileia and
later are routed by Achilles.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Achilles
description: Kills Penthesileia, Thersites, and Memnon; is purified from bloodshed;
is killed by Paris and Apollo; is mourned and transported by Thetis; receives
a cairn and games.
role_refs:
- role:6
- role:7
- role:8
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Thersites
description: Abuses and reviles Achilles for supposed love for Penthesileia and
is killed by Achilles.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Achaeans
description: Dispute over Thersites' killing, bury Antilochus, lay out Achilles'
body, pile Achilles' cairn, and hold games in his honour.
role_refs:
- role:11
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Odysseus
description: Purifies Achilles from bloodshed, drives off Trojans during the struggle
for Achilles' body, and disputes with Aias over Achilles' arms.
role_refs:
- role:12
- role:13
- role:14
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Apollo
description: Receives sacrifice from Achilles and is one of the agents who kills
Achilles.
role_refs:
- role:15
- role:16
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:6
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Artemis
description: Receives sacrifice from Achilles before his purification.
role_refs:
- role:15
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Leto
description: Receives sacrifice from Achilles before his purification.
role_refs:
- role:15
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Memnon
description: Son of Eos, wearer of armour made by Hephaestus, ally of the Trojans,
killer of Antilochus, killed by Achilles, and recipient of immortality from Eos.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:5
- role:6
- role:17
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Eos
description: Mother of Memnon who obtains immortality from Zeus and bestows it on
her son.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:18
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Hephaestus
description: Maker of Memnon's armour.
role_refs:
- role:19
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Thetis
description: Mother of Achilles who tells him about Memnon, arrives with the Muses
and her sisters, bewails Achilles, catches him away from the pyre, and transports
him to the White Island.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:20
- role:21
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:8
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Antilochus
description: Slain by Memnon and later buried by the Achaeans.
role_refs:
- role:22
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:8
- id: fig:16
name_or_label: Zeus
description: Grants the immortality that Eos obtains for Memnon.
role_refs:
- role:23
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:17
name_or_label: Paris
description: One of the agents, with Apollo, who kills Achilles.
role_refs:
- role:16
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:18
name_or_label: Aias
description: Carries Achilles' body to the ships, disputes with Odysseus over Achilles'
arms, and is reported to have killed himself about dawn.
role_refs:
- role:13
- role:14
- role:24
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- ev:11
- id: fig:19
name_or_label: Muses and sisters of Thetis
description: Arrive with Thetis when she bewails Achilles.
role_refs:
- role:25
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:20
name_or_label: Hector
description: Mentioned in a cited line concerning his burial before the Amazon's
arrival.
role_refs:
- role:22
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
label: Amazon warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Penthesileia is called the Amazon and shows great prowess.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:10
- id: role:2
label: Trojan ally
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:11
basis: Penthesileia and Memnon each come to help or aid the Trojans.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: role:3
label: slain and buried warrior
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: Penthesileia is killed by Achilles and buried by the Trojans.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:4
label: divine parent or child
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:14
basis: The passage identifies Penthesileia as daughter of Ares, Memnon as son of
Eos, and Thetis as mother of Achilles.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: role:5
label: war faction or ally
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:11
basis: The Trojans are aided by Penthesileia and Memnon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:4
- id: role:6
label: killer in battle
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:11
basis: Achilles kills Penthesileia and Memnon; Memnon kills Antilochus.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- id: role:7
label: polluted killer purified after bloodshed
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Achilles is purified by Odysseus from bloodshed after killing Thersites.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: role:8
label: slain hero
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Achilles is killed by Paris and Apollo.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:9
label: honored dead
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: Achilles receives a cairn and games in his honour after death.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:10
label: reviler slain for abuse
assigned_to:
- fig:5
basis: Thersites abuses Achilles and is killed by him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: role:11
label: collective disputants and mourners
assigned_to:
- fig:6
basis: The Achaeans dispute over Thersites' killing and perform burials and honors.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: role:12
label: purifier
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: Odysseus purifies Achilles from bloodshed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:13
label: protector or rescuer of body
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:18
basis: Aias carries Achilles' body to the ships while Odysseus drives off the Trojans.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:14
label: rival claimant
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:18
basis: Odysseus and Aias dispute over the arms of Achilles.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:15
label: recipient of sacrifice
assigned_to:
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
basis: Achilles sacrifices to Apollo, Artemis, and Leto.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:16
label: killer of Achilles
assigned_to:
- fig:8
- fig:17
basis: Achilles is killed by Paris and Apollo.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: role:17
label: recipient of immortality
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: Eos bestows immortality upon Memnon after obtaining it from Zeus.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:18
label: mother who secures immortality for son
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: Eos obtains immortality of Zeus and bestows it on Memnon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:19
label: divine maker of armour
assigned_to:
- fig:13
basis: Memnon wears armour made by Hephaestus.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: role:20
label: mourning mother
assigned_to:
- fig:14
basis: Thetis arrives and bewails her son Achilles.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:21
label: transporter of dead son
assigned_to:
- fig:14
basis: Thetis catches Achilles away from the pyre and transports him to the White
Island.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:22
label: buried dead
assigned_to:
- fig:15
- fig:20
basis: Antilochus is buried by the Achaeans; Hector's burial is mentioned in a cited
line.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:10
- id: role:23
label: grantor of immortality
assigned_to:
- fig:16
basis: Eos obtains immortality from Zeus for Memnon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:24
label: self-killing hero
assigned_to:
- fig:18
basis: A scholion says Aias killed himself about dawn.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: role:25
label: lamentation companions
assigned_to:
- fig:19
basis: The Muses and Thetis' sisters arrive with Thetis as she bewails Achilles.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: divine-made armour
literal_form: Armour made by Hephaestus and worn by Memnon.
associated_figures:
- fig:11
- fig:13
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:2
label: Achilles' body
literal_form: The body over which a great struggle occurs and which Aias carries
to the ships.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:7
- fig:18
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: sym:3
label: funeral pyre
literal_form: The pyre from which Thetis catches away Achilles.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:14
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:4
label: White Island
literal_form: The destination to which Thetis transports Achilles.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:14
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:5
label: cairn and funeral games
literal_form: A cairn piled for Achilles and games held in his honour.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: sym:6
label: arms of Achilles
literal_form: The arms over which Odysseus and Aias dispute.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:7
- fig:18
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: sym:7
label: dawn
literal_form: The time about which Aias is said to have killed himself.
associated_figures:
- fig:18
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Penthesileia aids Troy and dies
summary: Penthesileia comes to aid the Trojans, displays prowess, is killed by Achilles,
and is buried by the Trojans.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Thersites killed and Achilles purified
summary: Thersites reviles Achilles over supposed love for Penthesileia; Achilles
kills him, causing an Achaean dispute, then sails to Lesbos, sacrifices to Apollo,
Artemis, and Leto, and is purified by Odysseus.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:10
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:3
label: Memnon arrives with divine armour
summary: Memnon, son of Eos, arrives to help the Trojans wearing armour made by
Hephaestus, and Thetis tells Achilles about him.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:14
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:4
label: Memnon and Achilles in battle
summary: Memnon kills Antilochus, Achilles kills Memnon, and Eos obtains immortality
from Zeus for Memnon.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:11
- fig:12
- fig:15
- fig:16
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:5
label: Death of Achilles and struggle for his body
summary: Achilles routs the Trojans and is killed by Paris and Apollo; a struggle
follows for his body, with Aias carrying it to the ships while Odysseus drives
off the Trojans.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:17
- fig:18
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:6
label: Mourning, removal, and honors of Achilles
summary: The Achaeans bury Antilochus and lay out Achilles' body; Thetis arrives
with the Muses and her sisters, bewails Achilles, takes him from the pyre to the
White Island, after which the Achaeans pile a cairn and hold games in his honour.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:14
- fig:15
- fig:19
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: scene:7
label: Dispute over Achilles' arms
summary: Odysseus and Aias dispute over the arms of Achilles.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
- fig:7
- fig:18
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: scene:8
label: Scholion on Aias' death
summary: A cited scholion reports that the Aethiopis says Aias killed himself about
dawn.
figure_refs:
- fig:18
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Divine parent protects or honors mortal son
taxonomy_refs:
- divine_parent_child
basis: Eos obtains immortality for Memnon, and Thetis mourns Achilles and removes
him from the pyre to the White Island.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: The passage summarizes actions rather than providing detailed ritual or
theological explanation.
- id: motif:2
label: Heroic death followed by funerary honors
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Penthesileia is killed and buried; Antilochus is buried; Achilles is laid
out, mourned, given a cairn, and honored with games.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:8
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly names funeral games or heroic
cult.
- id: motif:3
label: Purification after bloodshed
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: After killing Thersites, Achilles sacrifices to Apollo, Artemis, and Leto
and is purified by Odysseus from bloodshed.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
confidence: high
cautions: The passage does not describe the purification rite in detail.
- id: motif:4
label: Divinely granted immortality after death in battle
taxonomy_refs:
- death_rebirth
basis: After Memnon is slain by Achilles, Eos obtains immortality from Zeus and
bestows it on Memnon.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage says immortality is bestowed but does not describe rebirth
or resurrection; taxonomy fit is approximate.
- id: motif:5
label: Removal of dead hero to a special island
taxonomy_refs:
- afterlife_journey_map
basis: Thetis catches Achilles away from the pyre and transports him to the White
Island.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage names the destination but does not map an extended afterlife
journey.
- id: motif:6
label: Contest over the dead hero's arms
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Odysseus and Aias dispute over the arms of Achilles after Achilles' death
and honors.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly corresponds to a weapons-contest
motif.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 7926-7933
quote_or_summary: Penthesileia, Amazon daughter of Ares and of Thracian race, comes
to aid the Trojans, shows prowess, is killed by Achilles, and is buried by the
Trojans.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 7933-7936
quote_or_summary: Achilles kills Thersites after Thersites abuses and reviles him
for supposed love for Penthesileia; an Achaean dispute follows over the killing.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 7936-7938
quote_or_summary: Achilles sails to Lesbos, sacrifices to Apollo, Artemis, and Leto,
and is purified from bloodshed by Odysseus.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 7940-7942
quote_or_summary: Memnon, son of Eos, wearing armour made by Hephaestus, comes to
help the Trojans; Thetis tells her son about Memnon.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 7944-7946
quote_or_summary: In battle Antilochus is slain by Memnon and Memnon by Achilles;
Eos obtains immortality from Zeus and gives it to her son.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 7946-7948
quote_or_summary: Achilles routs the Trojans, rushes into the city with them, and
is killed by Paris and Apollo.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 7948-7950
quote_or_summary: A struggle for Achilles' body follows; Aias carries it to the
ships while Odysseus drives off the Trojans.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 7950-7954
quote_or_summary: The Achaeans bury Antilochus and lay out Achilles; Thetis arrives
with the Muses and her sisters, bewails her son, takes him from the pyre, and
transports him to the White Island.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 7954-7956
quote_or_summary: The Achaeans pile a cairn and hold games for Achilles; a dispute
then arises between Odysseus and Aias over Achilles' arms.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 7958-7960
quote_or_summary: A scholion cites a reading in which, after Hector's burial, the
Amazon, daughter of Ares, arrives.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: line 7961
quote_or_summary: A scholion on Pindar reports that the author of the Aethiopis
says Aias killed himself about dawn.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/greek/project-gutenberg/hesiod-homeric-hymns-homerica.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: uncertain
notes: The passage is a compact prose summary of the Aethiopis and two scholia;
literal actions and relationships are explicit, while taxonomy mapping is necessarily
approximate for some motifs.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not make an explicit comparative claim beyond sequencing the Aethiopis with Homeric and cyclic material.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:greek-hesiod-homeric-hymns-evelyn-white-gutenberg__l7926-l7961
passage_sha256=6b9374bb5d8728f9ce18a94cb546e2870961ba1468e39a29d7dedbcd5e6575e4