Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.persian-sadi-gulistan-ross-gutenberg-l4670-l4762

batch.motif.persian-sadi-gulistan-ross-gutenberg-l4670-l4762

---
record_id: batch.motif.persian-sadi-gulistan-ross-gutenberg-l4670-l4762
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
passage_locator:
  label: LXXXVI / LXXXIX / XCIII / XCVIII; lines 4670-4762
  start: '4670'
  end: '4762'
  translation: The Persian Literature, Volume 2, The Gulistan
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: A sequence of moral aphorisms teaches that falsehood leaves lasting distrust,
    gratitude may make a dog superior to an ungrateful human, riches and poverty can
    both distract from worship, God can reverse worldly rank and preserve Jonah in
    a fish, divine wrath and judgment require mercy, lesser punishments warn before
    greater ones, people should learn from others’ misfortune, guidance depends on
    God, and a good end is better than worldly status with an evil end.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Falsehood is compared to a sabre wound that may heal while leaving a scar.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The brothers of Joseph are described as having become notorious for a lie
    and then lacking credit when they spoke truth.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: A dog that remembers a crumb is contrasted with a low man who may turn hostile
    despite long kindness.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage says riches may turn a person toward property rather than God,
    while poverty may leave the person dejected.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: God is said to hurl one man from a throne and preserve another in a fish’s
    belly.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: Jonah is named as one who may pass time in the belly of a fish while enraptured
    with divine praise.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Divine wrath is imagined as an unsheathed sword, and divine compassion as
    a veiled face that may be withdrawn for sinners’ hope of pardon.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: The passage distinguishes lesser punishment from greater punishment and compares
    admonition followed by confinement to princely chastisement.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: A bird avoids grain when it sees another bird already captive in a snare.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:10
  text: The dark night of those beloved of God is said to be serene and light as bright
    day.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: A beggar with a good end is said to be better off than a king with an evil
    end.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Brothers of Joseph
  description: The brothers of the blessed Joseph, described as notorious for a lie
    and not credited afterward when truthful.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Jacob
  description: Jacob is presented as the speaker of the cited Koranic rebuke to Joseph’s
    brothers.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Dog
  description: A dog that remembers a crumb of food despite later stones thrown at
    its head.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Ungrateful low man
  description: A low man fostered with kindness who rises in arms on small provocation.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Son of man
  description: The addressee in the cited Gospel saying about riches, poverty, praise,
    and worship.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: God
  description: The divine figure who gives or withholds riches, reverses sovereignty,
    preserves in a fish’s belly, judges, punishes, pardons, directs, and bewilders.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Jonah
  description: Named as one who may pass time in the belly of a fish while praising
    God.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Prophets and patriarchs
  description: Figures who would draw in their heads if God unsheathed the sword of
    wrath and who would have no excuse under strict judgment.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Sinners
  description: Those who may hope for pardon if the veil is withdrawn from the face
    of divine compassion.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Princes
  description: Rulers who admonish, chastise, and confine.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Bird approaching grain
  description: A bird that will not approach grain after seeing another bird captive
    in the snare.
  role_refs:
  - role:13
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Captive bird
  description: Another bird already caught in the snare near the grain.
  role_refs:
  - role:14
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Beggar
  description: A beggar whose end is good.
  role_refs:
  - role:15
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: King
  description: A king whose end is evil.
  role_refs:
  - role:16
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: Discredited deceivers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: They are said to have become notorious for a lie and not believed afterward.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: Skeptical rebuker
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Jacob is presented as rejecting the brothers’ report as contrivance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: Grateful animal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The dog remembers a crumb and is valued above an ungrateful human.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:4
  label: Ungrateful recipient of kindness
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The low man may become hostile despite long kindness.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:5
  label: Human tested by wealth and poverty
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The addressee is told riches and poverty both interfere with praise or worship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: Giver and withholder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: God is said to bestow riches or leave the person in poverty.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:7
  label: Sovereign reverser and preserver
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: God hurls one man from a throne and preserves another in a fish’s belly.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:8
  label: Judge, punisher, and pardoner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The passage speaks of divine wrath, judgment, lesser and greater punishment,
    compassion, and guidance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: role:9
  label: Preserved worshipper in confinement
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Jonah is named as praising while in the belly of a fish.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:10
  label: Exalted figures subject to judgment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Even prophets and patriarchs are said to have no excuse under strict divine
    account.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:11
  label: Hopeful recipients of pardon
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Sinners may hope for pardon if divine compassion is unveiled.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:12
  label: Earthly chastisers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Princes admonish, chastise, and then confine.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:13
  label: Learner from another’s danger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: The bird avoids the grain after seeing another bird captive.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:14
  label: Warning example
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: The captive bird serves as a visible warning to another bird.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:15
  label: Low-status figure with good end
  assigned_to:
  - fig:13
  basis: The beggar’s good end is judged better than a king’s evil end.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:16
  label: High-status figure with evil end
  assigned_to:
  - fig:14
  basis: The king’s evil end makes him worse off than the beggar.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Sabre wound and scar
  literal_form: Cut of a sabre, healed wound, remaining scar
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: Crumb and stones
  literal_form: A crumb given to a dog and stones later thrown at its head
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: Throne of sovereignty
  literal_form: Throne from which a man may be hurled
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: Fish’s belly
  literal_form: Belly of a fish in which Jonah may pass time
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: Sword of wrath
  literal_form: Unsheathed sword of divine wrath
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:6
  label: Veil of compassion
  literal_form: Veil withdrawn from the face of divine compassion
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:7
  label: Prison after admonition
  literal_form: Confinement or prison following ignored admonition
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:8
  label: Grain and snare
  literal_form: Grain spread where a bird is captive in a snare
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:9
  label: Thread of fortune
  literal_form: A thread of fortune dragging a person onward
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:10
  label: Dark night as bright day
  literal_form: Dark night made serene and light as bright day for those beloved of
    God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Falsehood leaves lasting distrust
  summary: A proverb compares falsehood to a sabre wound whose scar remains, and Joseph’s
    brothers are cited as liars later distrusted by Jacob.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Grateful dog and ungrateful man
  summary: A thankful dog is said to be worth more than an ungrateful human, because
    the dog remembers a crumb while the low man turns hostile despite kindness.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Wealth and poverty as obstacles to devotion
  summary: A cited Gospel saying states that riches turn the person toward property
    and poverty makes the person dejected, both hindering praise and worship.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Divine reversal and Jonah’s preservation
  summary: God is said to cast one person down from sovereignty and preserve another
    in a fish’s belly; Jonah is named as praising in that condition.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Wrath, judgment, and hope of pardon
  summary: Divine wrath and strict judgment are said to leave even prophets without
    excuse, while unveiled compassion gives sinners hope of pardon.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:6
  label: Lesser punishment warning before greater punishment
  summary: Those not corrected by present punishments will face future punishments;
    princes are compared to rulers who admonish and then imprison.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:7
  label: Bird learns from another bird’s snare
  summary: A bird avoids grain when it sees another bird already captured in the snare,
    illustrating warning by another’s mischance.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:8
  label: Divine guidance beyond human power
  summary: The passage says that good fortune and guidance come from God, who directs
    or bewilders beyond any other judge or stronger arm.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:9
  label: Good end outweighs worldly rank
  summary: A beggar with a good end is said to be better off than a king with an evil
    end, and sorrow leading to joy is preferred to joy followed by sorrow.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Falsehood causing enduring distrust
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage teaches that lying leaves a lasting mark, exemplified by Joseph’s
    brothers being disbelieved afterward.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is an ethical exemplum rather than a developed narrative episode
    in this passage.
- id: motif:2
  label: Grateful animal surpassing ungrateful human
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: A dog thankful for a crumb is judged more worthy than a human who lacks gratitude.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The animal comparison is proverbial and not a full animal tale.
- id: motif:3
  label: Prosperity and adversity testing devotion
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Riches and poverty are both described as conditions that can keep the human
    addressee from praise and worship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage frames this as moral instruction using cited scripture.
- id: motif:4
  label: Divine reversal of rank and preservation in danger
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: God hurls one person from a throne and preserves another in a fish’s belly,
    with Jonah named as the example.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The text emphasizes divine power and praise; it does not narrate the complete
    Jonah story.
- id: motif:5
  label: Strict divine judgment and hope for mercy
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage describes wrath, the day of judgment, the insufficiency of even
    prophets’ excuses, and sinners hoping for pardon through compassion.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The judgment imagery is devotional and aphoristic.
- id: motif:6
  label: Lesser punishment as warning before greater punishment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage states that those not corrected by present punishment will be
    overtaken by punishment to come, comparing this to admonition followed by prison.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The present and future punishments are not elaborated narratively.
- id: motif:7
  label: Learning from another’s misfortune
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: A bird avoids the grain after seeing another bird trapped, and the reader
    is told to take warning from others.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The bird image is a brief proverb, not an extended fable.
- id: motif:8
  label: Divine guidance and bewilderment
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage says the one God directs cannot be led astray, and the one God
    bewilders cannot be directed.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The motif is theological and didactic rather than mythic narrative.
- id: motif:9
  label: Final outcome reversing worldly status
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The beggar with a good end is preferred to the king with an evil end, and
    sorrow leading to joy is preferred to joy followed by sorrow.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents the reversal as a moral maxim.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage explicitly uses the Joseph and Jacob scriptural episode as a
    moral exemplum for the pattern that a known liar is distrusted even when speaking
    truth.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Joseph/Jacob scriptural tradition cited from Koran xii
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The allusion is brief and serves the ethical argument rather than retelling
    the full Joseph narrative.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage explicitly uses Jonah in the fish’s belly as an example of divine
    preservation and praise within confinement.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jonah fish-belly tradition
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: Only the fish-belly episode is mentioned; the surrounding Jonah narrative
    is not developed.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The passage explicitly invokes Gospel and Proverbs authority for a wisdom
    teaching in which both wealth and poverty can obstruct devotion.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Gospel/Proverbs wisdom tradition on riches, poverty, and worship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage cites scriptural authority but gives only a short moralized
    excerpt.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: XCVIII; lines 4670-4762
  quote_or_summary: Falsehood is compared to a sabre cut whose scar remains; Joseph’s
    brothers are cited as disbelieved after becoming notorious for a lie.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: XCIX; lines 4670-4762
  quote_or_summary: A thankful dog that remembers a crumb is said to be worth more
    than an ungrateful human who may turn hostile despite long kindness.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: CI; lines 4670-4762
  quote_or_summary: A cited Gospel saying states that riches turn a person toward
    property and poverty makes the person dejected, hindering praise and worship.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: CII; lines 4670-4762
  quote_or_summary: God is said to cast one man from sovereignty and preserve another
    in a fish’s belly; Jonah is named as praising in the fish’s belly.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: CIII; lines 4670-4762
  quote_or_summary: Divine wrath is pictured as a sword; strict judgment would leave
    even prophets without excuse, while compassion gives sinners hope of pardon.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: CIV; lines 4670-4762
  quote_or_summary: Those not corrected by punishments of this life will face punishments
    to come; princes admonish and then confine those who do not listen.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: CV; lines 4670-4762
  quote_or_summary: A bird avoids grain when it sees another bird captive in a snare;
    people are urged to take warning from others’ mischance.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: CVI; lines 4670-4762
  quote_or_summary: Good fortune and guidance are attributed to God; the one God directs
    cannot be led astray, and the one God bewilders cannot be directed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: CVII; lines 4670-4762
  quote_or_summary: A beggar with a good end is better than a king with an evil end;
    sorrow followed by joy is preferred to joy followed by sorrow.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is aphoristic and allusive. Literal extraction is strong, while
    motif labels are cautious because most units are brief moral maxims rather than
    full mythic narratives.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage text and metadata. Available taxonomy references were applied only where directly supportable.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:persian-sadi-gulistan-ross-gutenberg__l4670-l4762
  passage_sha256=7cdf66d65d8344488848e87a482ae9ef1ec0d5191c2f99f5901a13b1a0f697c9