Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.persian-sadi-gulistan-ross-gutenberg-l1630-l1703

batch.motif.persian-sadi-gulistan-ross-gutenberg-l1630-l1703

---
record_id: batch.motif.persian-sadi-gulistan-ross-gutenberg-l1630-l1703
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
passage_locator:
  label: XXXVIII / XXXIX / CHAPTER II / XVIII; lines 1630-1703
  start: '1630'
  end: '1703'
  translation: The Persian Literature, Volume 2, The Gulistan
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: They asked Lucman, the fabulist, "From whom did you learn manners?" He answered,
    "From the unmannerly..."
  summary: A caravan is robbed in Greek territory, and Lucman declines to waste wisdom
    on hardened robbers. Subsequent sayings teach charity toward the poor, learning
    manners by observing the unmannerly, moderation against gluttonous devotion, repentance
    through divine grace and dervish companionship, endurance of slander, and the
    impossibility of hiding one’s inner state from God.
  language: English
  quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A caravan in the territory of the Greeks is attacked by robbers and plundered
    of much property.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The merchants lament, complain, and ask for the intercession of God and the
    prophet, but this does not restore their goods.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: A traveller asks Lucman to address wisdom and admonition to the robbers so
    that they may return some goods; Lucman answers that such admonitions would be
    wasted on them.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage uses images of rusted iron, a file, an iron nail, and flint to
    describe resistance to admonition.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: A reflective saying states that prosperity should include remembering the
    bankrupt and needy, and that gracious almsgiving may divert calamity; otherwise
    a tyrant may take by force.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: Lucman says he learned manners from the unmannerly by avoiding what seemed
    bad in their behavior.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: An abid is described as eating ten mans of food in one night and reciting
    the whole Koran before morning; a good and holy man says eating half a loaf and
    sleeping would have been more meritorious.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: Divine favor is described as placing a lamp of grace in the path of a wanderer
    in forbidden ways, directing him into the circle of the righteous and the society
    of dervishes.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The dervishes’ spiritual cooperation enables the wanderer to change wicked
    propensities into praiseworthy deeds and restrain sensual indulgences.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: Calumniators question the sincerity of the reformed wanderer and say his original
    habits remain.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: The ghostly father tells the wanderer that it is a blessing to be better than
    people represent him, and that being good while spoken evil of is preferable to
    being wicked while thought good.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: The passage states that one may be hidden from neighbors, but God knows what
    is secret and open; a closed door cannot keep anything from Omniscience.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: caravan merchants and travellers
  description: A travelling group plundered by robbers; they lament and seek intercession.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: robbers
  description: Attackers of the caravan, described as gloomy-minded and flushed with
    victory.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Lucman
  description: Named as fabulist and philosopher; gives brief wisdom responses.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: unmannerly people
  description: People whose bad behavior Lucman says he avoided in learning manners.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: abid
  description: A devotee who eats much food during the night and recites the whole
    Koran before morning.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: good and holy man
  description: A man who critiques the abid’s excessive eating and devotion as less
    meritorious than moderation.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: wanderer in forbidden ways
  description: A person directed by divine grace into righteous company and reformed
    from wicked propensities.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: dervishes
  description: A blessed society whose spiritual cooperation helps the wanderer reform
    himself.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: calumniators
  description: People who question the reformed wanderer’s sincerity and accuse him
    of retaining old habits.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: ghostly father
  description: A spiritual father who hears the wanderer’s complaint and answers with
    moral counsel.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: God / Omniscience
  description: The divine knower of what is secret and open, before whom a closed
    door is no concealment.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: plundered travellers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: They are attacked, robbed, and seek intercession after losing goods.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: hardened wrongdoers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: They rob the caravan and are represented as unresponsive to wisdom and admonition.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:3
  label: moral instructor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  basis: Lucman and the holy man both give brief teachings that correct mistaken expectations
    or conduct.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: negative example
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Lucman says he learned manners by avoiding the bad behavior of the unmannerly.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: immoderate devotee
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The abid combines heavy eating with extensive devotion and is criticized
    for lack of moderation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: penitent convert
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The wanderer is redirected from forbidden ways and reforms his propensities
    and indulgences.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: righteous companions
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The dervishes’ spiritual cooperation assists the wanderer’s moral transformation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: slanderers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: They question the wanderer’s sincerity and maintain accusations about his
    old habits.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:9
  label: spiritual counselor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The ghostly father receives the complaint and gives counsel about reputation,
    goodness, and slander.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:10
  label: omniscient divine witness
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: God is said to know what is secret and open, beyond concealment by a closed
    door.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: rusted iron and file
  literal_form: rust-corroded iron and a file
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: iron nail and flint
  literal_form: an iron nail unable to penetrate flint
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: alms to beggar
  literal_form: charity bestowed on a beggar or needy person
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: lamp of grace
  literal_form: a lamp of grace placed in the wanderer’s path
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: circle of the righteous
  literal_form: the circle of the righteous and society of dervishes
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: slanderous tongue
  literal_form: the tongues of calumniators and mankind
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: sym:7
  label: mirror of imperfection
  literal_form: the speaker’s self-description as a mirror of imperfection
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: closed door before Omniscience
  literal_form: a shut or closed door that cannot conceal sins from God
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: caravan robbed and Lucman refuses wasted admonition
  summary: A caravan is plundered; the travellers seek divine and prophetic intercession,
    then ask Lucman to counsel the robbers, but he says wisdom would be wasted on
    such hardened people.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: charity remembered in prosperity
  summary: A saying reflects that failure to remember the poor may be a fault, and
    that giving alms graciously can avert calamity while withholding may lead to forcible
    loss by a tyrant.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Lucman learns manners from bad conduct
  summary: Lucman explains that he learned manners from the unmannerly by avoiding
    their bad behavior, followed by a contrast between how the wise and fools receive
    instruction.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: immoderate devotee corrected
  summary: An abid who eats excessively and recites the Koran overnight is judged
    by a holy man to have been more meritorious had he eaten little and slept; the
    passage links inner clarity with an unburdened body.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: wanderer reformed and slandered
  summary: Divine grace leads a wanderer into righteous dervish company, where he
    reforms his conduct; calumniators nevertheless question his sincerity.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:6
  label: spiritual counsel on reputation and divine knowledge
  summary: The wanderer complains to his ghostly father, who counsels him to value
    being better than his reputation; the passage closes with the claim that God knows
    what is concealed and manifest despite any closed door.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: wisdom instruction through concise moral exempla
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: 'The passage repeatedly presents brief incidents followed by maxims: Lucman
    on wasted admonition, Lucman learning from the unmannerly, the holy man correcting
    the abid, and the ghostly father counseling the slandered penitent.'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a broad wisdom-literature pattern rather than a narrative mythic
    episode.
- id: motif:2
  label: charitable giving as prevention of forcible loss
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: The saying links gracious almsgiving to diverting calamity and warns that
    refusal to give to a beggar may be followed by seizure by a tyrant.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage frames this as moral and social causation; the sacred-exchange
    taxonomy fit is interpretive and should be reviewed.
- id: motif:3
  label: repentance under divine grace and righteous companionship
  taxonomy_refs:
  - initiation
  basis: Divine favor places a lamp of grace in the wanderer’s path, leading him into
    the circle of the righteous and dervish society, where he reforms his conduct.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The scene is a moral conversion account; it does not describe a formal
    initiation rite.
- id: motif:4
  label: divine knowledge of hidden sin
  taxonomy_refs:
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The passage states that God knows what is secret and open, and that a closed
    door cannot conceal sins from Omniscience.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The text emphasizes omniscient knowledge more directly than an explicit
    judgment scene.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1630-1638
  quote_or_summary: In Greek territory, robbers attack and plunder a caravan; the
    merchants lament and seek the intercession of God and the prophet without effect.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1640-1649
  quote_or_summary: Lucman is among the travellers; when asked to admonish the robbers,
    he says wisdom would be wasted on them, with images of rusted iron, a file, an
    iron nail, and flint.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1650-1656
  quote_or_summary: The passage says to remember the bankrupt and needy in prosperity;
    gracious almsgiving may divert calamity, while refusal may bring forcible seizure
    by a tyrant.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: lines 1660-1666
  quote_or_summary: Lucman says he learned manners "From the unmannerly," by avoiding
    whatever in their behavior seemed bad; the wise can learn from jokes, but wisdom
    chapters seem like jest to a fool.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1668-1678
  quote_or_summary: An abid eats ten mans of food and recites the whole Koran overnight;
    a holy man says half a loaf and sleep would have been more meritorious, and the
    passage counsels keeping the inside unencumbered.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1680-1687
  quote_or_summary: Divine favor places a lamp of grace in the path of a wanderer
    in forbidden ways, directing him to the righteous and dervishes, whose cooperation
    helps reform his conduct.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1687-1693
  quote_or_summary: Calumniators question the wanderer’s sincerity, saying his original
    habits remain; the passage says repentance may deliver one from God’s wrath but
    not from human slander.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1693-1699
  quote_or_summary: The wanderer complains to his ghostly father, who says he should
    be grateful to be better than represented and that being good while spoken evil
    of is better than being wicked while considered good.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1699-1703
  quote_or_summary: The passage states that one may conceal oneself from neighbors,
    but God knows what is secret and open; a closed door cannot avail against Omniscience.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/persian/project-gutenberg/gulistan-sadi-ross.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Extraction uses only the supplied passage. Motif labels are candidate-level
    and mostly reflect wisdom-literature and moral conversion patterns rather than
    explicit mythic narrative structures. No comparison claims were added because
    the passage itself does not make a cross-textual comparison.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Sections present in the supplied passage include XVIII and XX-XXII; extraction follows the provided line range and passage text.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:persian-sadi-gulistan-ross-gutenberg__l1630-l1703
  passage_sha256=30909700bc7f466eb186f5c6f9236bea4930410d15310b36b55df95ef98f1d7a