batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l9976-l10195
---
record_id: batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l9976-l10195
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
passage_locator:
label: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2) / CONTENTS
/ NOTE. OFFERINGS OF FIRST-FRUITS. / INDEX.; lines 9976-10195'
start: '9976'
end: '10195'
translation: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)'
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: An alphabetical index segment lists comparative-religion topics and cross-references,
including harvest and first-fruit customs, sacred trees and fires, scapegoats,
sin-eating, divine kings and incarnate gods, animal and human sacrifice, corn-spirit
embodiments, initiatory rites simulating death and resurrection, external souls
in stories, expulsion of diseases or evil spirits, puberty customs, and preservation
of cut hair or nail parings.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The passage lists several harvest, reaping, sowing-time, ingathering, and
first-fruit customs across named places and peoples.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: obs:2
text: The passage includes entries for animal and human sacrifice, including a note
that a human victim represents the corn-spirit.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:3
text: The passage lists the corn-spirit as appearing in the form of a horse.
category: attribute
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:4
text: The passage includes entries on scapegoats and the expulsion of diseases,
devils, evil spirits, sickness, and hunger.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: obs:5
text: The passage lists initiatory rites in which death and resurrection are simulated.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: obs:6
text: The passage includes entries on incarnate gods, temporary and permanent incarnation,
human gods, and kings asserting or being treated as divine.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: obs:7
text: The passage refers to sacred trees, tree worship, the oak as sacred, and inspiration
by use of a sacred tree.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:8
text: The passage refers to midsummer, Easter, and other fires, as well as sheep
driven through fire.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:9
text: The passage lists the external soul in Hindoo, Hungarian, and Italian stories.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:10
text: The passage includes entries on preservation or burial of cut hair and nail
parings.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: obs:11
text: The passage mentions a Mexican god, Huitzilopochtli, represented by a dough
image that is made and eaten.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: obs:12
text: The passage mentions the cobra capella as a guardian deity of the negroes
of Issapoo.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: corn-spirit
description: An indexed figure represented by a human victim and also described
as a horse in separate entries.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: human sacrificial victim
description: An indexed victim associated with human sacrifices and with representation
of the corn-spirit.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: scapegoat
description: An indexed bearer used in rites in the Western Himalayas, among the
Iroquois, and in Jeypur cases of smallpox.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: initiand
description: A participant implied by entries for initiatory rites and the Huskanaw
ceremony among Indians of Virginia.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: incarnate or human god
description: A figure type indexed under incarnate gods, human gods, and divine
kingship claims.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Huitzilopochtli
description: A Mexican god represented by a dough image that is made and eaten.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: cobra capella of Issapoo
description: A cobra capella described as the guardian deity of the negroes of Issapoo.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Isis
description: Indexed as an acorn goddess, named the moon by the aboriginal inhabitants
of Egypt, and as a cow.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
roles:
- id: role:1
label: corn-spirit embodiment
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:2
basis: The index states that the human victim represents the corn-spirit and that
the corn-spirit appears as a horse.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:2
label: sacrificial victim
assigned_to:
- fig:2
basis: The passage indexes human sacrifices and a human victim representing the
corn-spirit.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:3
label: scapegoat or ritual disease-bearer
assigned_to:
- fig:3
basis: The passage indexes scapegoats in multiple settings, including cases of smallpox
in Jeypur.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:4
label: initiation participant
assigned_to:
- fig:4
basis: The passage indexes initiatory rites and a named initiatory ceremony.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: role:5
label: deity or divine person
assigned_to:
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:8
basis: The passage indexes incarnate gods, human gods, kings asserting divinity,
and named deities.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:14
- ev:16
- id: role:6
label: guardian deity
assigned_to:
- fig:7
basis: The passage explicitly calls the cobra capella the guardian deity of Issapoo.
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: first-fruits
literal_form: offerings of first-fruits and new rice
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
- seasonal_cycle
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:2
label: fire
literal_form: midsummer fires, Easter fires, bonfires, sheep driven through fire
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
- seasonal_cycle
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: sym:3
label: sacred tree
literal_form: sacred tree, oak, tree worship, marriage of shrubs and trees
associated_figures:
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs:
- tree
- sacred_tree_axis
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:16
- id: sym:4
label: serpent guardian
literal_form: cobra capella
associated_figures:
- fig:7
taxonomy_refs:
- serpent
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: sym:5
label: horse form
literal_form: horse as corn-spirit
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: sym:6
label: cut hair and nail parings
literal_form: preserved or buried cut hair and nail parings
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: sym:7
label: dough image eaten
literal_form: dough image of Huitzilopochtli made and eaten
associated_figures:
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
- sacred_exchange
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: sym:8
label: external soul
literal_form: external soul in stories
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Seasonal harvest and first-fruit observances
summary: Index entries group sowing-time, harvest, ingathering, new-rice, and first-fruit
observances across multiple peoples and regions.
figure_refs: []
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Sacrificial embodiment of the corn-spirit
summary: The index links human sacrifice and a human victim with representation
of the corn-spirit, and separately lists the corn-spirit as a horse.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:3
label: Removal of evil, sickness, or hunger
summary: The passage indexes scapegoats and rites for expelling devils, evil spirits,
sickness, diseases, and hunger.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: scene:4
label: Initiatory death and resurrection simulation
summary: The passage indexes initiatory rites characterized by simulation of death
and resurrection and names the Huskanaw ceremony among Indians of Virginia.
figure_refs:
- fig:4
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: scene:5
label: Divinity embodied in humans and images
summary: The passage indexes incarnate gods, human gods, divine kingship claims,
and a god represented by a dough image that is made and eaten.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
- ev:14
- id: scene:6
label: Sacred trees and seasonal fires
summary: The passage indexes sacred-tree practices, oak symbolism, and several seasonal
fire customs.
figure_refs:
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:2
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- ev:16
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: offerings of first-fruits at seasonal harvest
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
- seasonal_cycle
basis: The index repeatedly lists offerings of first-fruits and new-rice or ingathering
festivals across named peoples and places.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
confidence: high
cautions: The passage is an index and does not describe ritual details beyond topic
labels.
- id: motif:2
label: sacrificial victim as crop or corn-spirit
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
- seasonal_cycle
basis: The passage states that a human victim represents the corn-spirit and separately
indexes the corn-spirit as a horse.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: medium
cautions: The surrounding explanatory chapter is not included; the index supplies
only compressed references.
- id: motif:3
label: scapegoat removal of disease or evil
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
basis: The passage lists scapegoats and nearby entries for expelling diseases, devils,
evil spirits, sickness, and hunger.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: The index does not explicitly connect every expulsion rite to a scapegoat.
- id: motif:4
label: initiation through simulated death and resurrection
taxonomy_refs:
- initiation
- death_rebirth
- resurrection
basis: The passage explicitly indexes initiatory rites as involving simulation of
death and resurrection.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
confidence: high
cautions: No ritual sequence is provided in this passage.
- id: motif:5
label: incarnate god or divine king
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
basis: The index includes incarnate gods, incarnation, human gods, and a king who
asserts that he is god.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: The index does not give the full social or theological context.
- id: motif:6
label: external soul located outside the body
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage lists the external soul in Hindoo, Hungarian, and Italian stories.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
confidence: medium
cautions: No narrative example is included in the passage.
- id: motif:7
label: sacred tree and oak veneration
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_tree_axis
- tree
basis: The index refers to sacred trees, tree worship in ancient Italy, inspiration
by a sacred tree, and the oak as sacred.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage does not describe a single tree ritual in detail.
- id: motif:8
label: seasonal fire rite
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
- seasonal_cycle
basis: The passage indexes midsummer fires, Easter fires, bonfires, and animals
driven through fire.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
confidence: medium
cautions: The entry list does not specify meanings or ritual procedures.
- id: motif:9
label: edible image of a deity
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
- sacrifice
basis: The passage states that a dough image of Huitzilopochtli was made and eaten.
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
confidence: high
cautions: Only the index heading is available, not the full account.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage supports a cautious same-function comparison among first-fruit
or new-rice offerings in multiple cultures because several entries index the same
ritual type across different peoples and regions.
claim_level: same_function
target: cross-cultural first-fruit offerings and harvest observances
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The index only records that these topics occur; it does not provide
ritual descriptions for direct structural comparison.
- id: claim:2
claim: The passage supports a cautious same-function comparison among rites for
expelling disease, evil spirits, devils, sickness, or hunger.
claim_level: same_function
target: expulsion and scapegoat rites
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage does not establish that all listed expulsion practices
use the same mechanism or symbolism.
- id: claim:3
claim: The passage supports a cautious same-motif grouping of initiatory rites involving
simulated death and resurrection.
claim_level: same_motif
target: initiation through death-and-rebirth simulation
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The index gives the motif label but not the specific ritual examples
in this line range.
- id: claim:4
claim: The passage supports a cautious same-function comparison among external-soul
stories in Hindoo, Hungarian, and Italian traditions.
claim_level: same_function
target: external soul in folktale or mythic stories
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The stories themselves are not included in the passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Hertfordshire harvest custom"; "Hermsdorf, harvest custom";
"Javanese ... ceremony at rice harvest"; "Hindoo ... festival of Ingathering"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:2
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Hos ... offering of first-fruits"; "Hovas of Madagascar, offerings
of first-fruits"; "Huahine, offerings of first-fruits"; "India ... offerings of
first-fruits"; "Hindoos ... festival at the eating of the new rice"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:3
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Human sacrifices"; "Human victim represents the corn-spirit"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:4
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Horse, the corn-spirit as a"; "sacrifice of the, ii. 64"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:5
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Himalayas, scapegoats in the Western"; "Iroquois ... scapegoat
used"; "Jeypur, scapegoat used in cases of smallpox"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:6
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Hindoo Koosh ... expulsion of devils"; "Japanese, expulsion
of evil spirits"; "Hurons ... driving away sickness"; "Hunger, expulsion of";
"Incas ... ceremony for the expulsion of diseases"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:7
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Initiatory rites, simulation of death and resurrection at";
"Huskanaw, the name of an initiatory ceremony amongst the Indians of Virginia"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:8
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Incarnate gods"; "Incarnation, temporary and permanent"; "India,
... human gods"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:9
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Iddah, king of, asserts that he is god"; "Incas of Peru revered
as gods"; "Kaffa, worship of human god"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:10
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Inspiration ... by use of sacred tree"; "Italy, tree worship
in ancient"; "oak the sacred tree"; "Jupiter represented by an oak on the Capitol
at Rome"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:11
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Herefordshire, midsummer fires"; "Holland ... Easter fires";
"Ireland ... midsummer fires"; "Isle of Man ... midsummer bonfires"; "Hottentot
... sheep driven through the fire"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:12
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"the external soul in Hindoo stories"; "the external soul in
Hungarian stories"; "the external soul in Italian stories"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:13
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"preservation of cut hair and parings of the nails"; "Indians
of Alaska, preservation of cut hair"; "burying of cut hair and nails by the Kafirs"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
- id: ev:14
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Huitzilopochtli, dough image of the Mexican god, made and eaten"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpt quoted.
- id: ev:15
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Issapoo, the cobra capella the guardian deity of the negroes
of"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpt quoted.
- id: ev:16
type: quote
locator: lines 9976-10195
quote_or_summary: '"Isis, acorn goddess"; "named the moon"; "as a cow"'
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short index excerpts quoted.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is an index segment, so extraction confidence is limited by the
absence of full narratives or ritual descriptions. Motifs are based on explicit
index labels and repeated cross-references.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No taxonomy IDs beyond those supplied in the request were added. Empty arrays are used where no figure or taxonomy association is directly supported.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg__l9976-l10195
passage_sha256=ea32a7634d7e96a8560003eae6cf3164cb739e83ed349a778f720bf2897f77c7