batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l9092-l9315
---
record_id: batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l9092-l9315
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
passage_locator:
label: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2) / CONTENTS
/ NOTE. OFFERINGS OF FIRST-FRUITS. / INDEX.; lines 9092-9315'
start: '9092'
end: '9315'
translation: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)'
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: An index segment listing comparative-religion topics and page references,
including harvest customs, first-fruits offerings, sacred animals, corn-spirit
animal forms, scapegoats, human and animal sacrifices, sacred trees, fire and
water kings, expulsion of disease or evil, seclusion and initiation customs, external-soul
beliefs, and seasonal festivals.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: The passage lists multiple harvest and reaping customs, including a binder
of the last sheaf called Bride and customs in Brie, Britanny, Bruck, Bulgaria,
Cambridgeshire, and Celebes.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:6
- id: obs:2
text: The passage lists offerings of first-fruits in Burma and first seed sowing
and reaping among the Burghers.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: The passage associates the corn-spirit with several animal forms, including
bull, calf, cat, cock, and clucking-hen.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: obs:4
text: The passage lists Dionysus as a bull and refers to rites of Dionysus at Chios.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:5
text: The passage lists Osiris in relation to the bull and also lists a sacred bull.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:6
text: The passage lists sacred or ritually treated animals, including the buffalo,
sacred buzzard, Cobra Capella, salmon, beaver, wren, and animals killed by the
Stiens of Cambodia.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:8
- ev:10
- id: obs:7
text: The passage lists human and animal scapegoat topics, including a bull as scapegoat,
a human scapegoat in Chaeronea, and a human scapegoat in China.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:8
- id: obs:8
text: The passage lists fire customs and fire festivals, including midsummer fires,
Beltane fires, Candlemas customs, cattle driven through fire, and burnt sacrifices
among the Celts.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: obs:9
text: The passage lists sacred-tree topics, including a sacred tree in Cambodia,
a sacred cedar of Gilgit, a pear-tree protector of cattle, and a person's life
bound up with a tree in the Cameroons.
category: object
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: obs:10
text: The passage lists practices for expelling disease, evil, or misfortune, including
cholera-driving ceremonies, disease boats, expulsion of witches, and expulsion
of Satan.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:11
text: The passage lists seclusion of girls or women in Cambodia, Ceram, among the
Chippeways, and by the Chiriguanos, and also lists an initiation ceremony in Ceram.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:12
text: The passage lists external-soul topics, including Cashmere stories, Celtic
stories, nagual among the Chontal Indians, a soul in a portrait, and a plurality
of souls among the Caribs.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Bride
description: A name given to the binder of the last sheaf.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Corn-spirit
description: An indexed figure or concept associated with animal forms including
bull, calf, cat, cock, and clucking-hen.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Dionysus
description: Indexed as appearing as a bull and in rites at Chios.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Osiris
description: Indexed in relation to the bull.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Buffalo
description: Indexed with belief in resurrection and as held sacred by the Todas.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Bull
description: Indexed as an animal form of Dionysus and the corn-spirit, in relation
to Osiris, as sacred, and as scapegoat.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:4
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Sacred buzzard
description: Indexed as a sacrificed sacred bird.
role_refs:
- role:4
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Cobra Capella
description: Indexed under sacrifice.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Kings and princes
description: The index lists kings or princes in relation to deposition in scarcity,
execution, temporary kingship, fire and water kings, killing at fixed intervals,
and public sacrifices.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:6
- ev:12
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Human scapegoat
description: Indexed as present in Chaeronea and China.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Girls and women in seclusion customs
description: Girls or women are indexed in seclusion customs in Cambodia, Ceram,
among the Chippeways, and by the Chiriguanos.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
label: last-sheaf binder
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The index states that Bride is a name given to the binder of the last sheaf.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: corn-spirit animal manifestation
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:6
basis: The passage lists the corn-spirit as a bull and also as calf, cat, cock,
and clucking-hen.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: role:3
label: deity associated with bull form or bull rites
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:4
basis: The passage indexes Dionysus as a bull and Osiris with the bull.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: role:4
label: sacred animal
assigned_to:
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
basis: The passage indexes the buffalo as sacred to the Todas, a sacred bull, and
the sacred buzzard.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- id: role:5
label: scapegoat
assigned_to:
- fig:6
- fig:10
basis: The passage lists a bull as a scapegoat and human scapegoats in Chaeronea
and China.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:8
- id: role:6
label: sacrificial animal
assigned_to:
- fig:7
- fig:8
basis: The passage lists sacrifice of the sacred buzzard and sacrifice of the Cobra
Capella.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: role:7
label: ritually constrained ruler
assigned_to:
- fig:9
basis: The passage lists kings or princes subject to ritual death, deposition, execution
rules, temporary kingship, or ritual responsibility.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:12
- id: role:8
label: secluded ritual participant
assigned_to:
- fig:11
basis: The passage lists seclusion of girls or women in several cultures.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: last sheaf
literal_form: Harvest sheaf named in relation to its binder.
associated_figures:
- fig:1
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:2
label: first-fruits
literal_form: Offerings of first-fruits and first seed sowing or reaping.
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:3
label: bull
literal_form: Bull as divine form, corn-spirit form, sacred animal, and scapegoat.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:4
label: fire
literal_form: Midsummer fires, Beltane fires, Candlemas customs, fire festival,
cattle driven through fire, burnt sacrifices, and kings of fire.
associated_figures:
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- ev:12
- id: sym:5
label: water
literal_form: Kings of water in Cambodia.
associated_figures:
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: sym:6
label: tree
literal_form: Sacred tree, sacred cedar, pear-tree protector of cattle, and life
bound up with a tree.
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs:
- tree
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:7
label: disease boat
literal_form: Boats indexed as carrying or treating disease in the Buro Islands
and Ceram.
associated_figures: []
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:8
label: serpent
literal_form: Cobra Capella, indexed in connection with sacrifice.
associated_figures:
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs:
- serpent
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: sym:9
label: animal forms of the corn-spirit
literal_form: Bull, calf, cat, cock, and clucking-hen.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Harvest and first-fruits index cluster
summary: The index segment gathers references to last-sheaf naming, harvest and
reaping customs, first seed sowing and reaping, and offerings of first-fruits.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- id: scene:2
label: Corn-spirit and animal forms index cluster
summary: The index lists the corn-spirit under multiple animal forms and links the
bull to Dionysus, Osiris, sacred status, and scapegoat use.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:4
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
- sym:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: scene:3
label: Sacred animal and sacrifice index cluster
summary: The index lists animals that are sacred, sacrificed, hunted ceremonially,
or subject to resurrection belief, including buffalo, buzzard, cobra, wren, salmon,
and beaver.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: scene:4
label: Fire rites and burnt sacrifice index cluster
summary: The index gathers references to seasonal or festival fires, cattle driven
through fire, and burnt sacrifices among the Celts.
figure_refs: []
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
- id: scene:5
label: Tree-life and sacred tree index cluster
summary: The index lists sacred trees and beliefs connecting trees with protection
of cattle or with a person's life.
figure_refs: []
symbol_refs:
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: scene:6
label: Expulsion and scapegoat index cluster
summary: The index lists practices of expelling witches, Satan, cholera, disease,
evil spirits, and human or animal scapegoats.
figure_refs:
- fig:6
- fig:10
symbol_refs:
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:8
- id: scene:7
label: Seclusion and initiation index cluster
summary: The index lists seclusion customs for girls and women, and an initiation
ceremony in Ceram.
figure_refs:
- fig:11
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: scene:8
label: Ritual kingship index cluster
summary: The index lists kings and princes in connection with drought responsibility,
public sacrifice, temporary kingship, fire and water kings, deposition during
scarcity, and killing or execution at fixed or special conditions.
figure_refs:
- fig:9
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Harvest first-fruits and last-sheaf rites
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
- seasonal_cycle
basis: The passage indexes last-sheaf naming, harvest customs, first seed sowing
and reaping, and offerings of first-fruits.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage is an index; it gives topics and page references, not full
ritual descriptions.
- id: motif:2
label: Corn-spirit embodied as animal
taxonomy_refs:
- seasonal_cycle
basis: The passage explicitly lists the corn-spirit as bull, calf, cat, cock, and
clucking-hen.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: The index does not explain the ritual contexts for each animal form.
- id: motif:3
label: Sacred animal sacrifice
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
basis: The passage lists sacrifice of the sacred buzzard, sacrifice of the Cobra
Capella, sacred bull, sacred buffalo, and Celtic human sacrifices.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:5
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage combines index entries from many traditions without describing
each rite.
- id: motif:4
label: Scapegoat carrying or removing evil
taxonomy_refs:
- sacrifice
basis: The passage lists a bull as scapegoat, human scapegoats in Chaeronea and
China, and practices of driving away cholera, disease, witches, Satan, and evil
spirits.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:8
confidence: medium
cautions: The index supports the presence of scapegoat and expulsion topics but
not detailed mechanisms.
- id: motif:5
label: Seasonal fire rites and purification by fire
taxonomy_refs:
- seasonal_cycle
- sacrifice
basis: The passage indexes midsummer fires, Beltane fires, fire festivals, cattle
driven through fire, Candlemas customs, and burnt sacrifices.
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
confidence: medium
cautions: Fire rite functions are inferred only at a broad motif level from index
headings.
- id: motif:6
label: Life bound to a tree or sacred tree
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_tree_axis
basis: The passage indexes a Cambodian sacred tree, the sacred cedar of Gilgit,
a pear-tree protector of cattle, and a Cameroons belief that a person's life is
bound up with a tree.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage provides no narrative of the tree-life relation beyond the
index heading.
- id: motif:7
label: Ritual kingship under cosmic or social responsibility
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
- sacrifice
basis: The passage indexes kings of fire and water, emperors offering public sacrifices,
a Chinese emperor responsible for drought, kings killed after twelve years, and
Burgundian kings deposed in scarcity.
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
confidence: medium
cautions: The index entries identify related topics but do not provide a single
coherent episode.
- id: motif:8
label: Seclusion and initiation
taxonomy_refs:
- initiation
basis: The passage lists seclusion of girls and women in several cultures and an
initiation ceremony in Ceram.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage does not state the details or purpose of the seclusion or
initiation.
- id: motif:9
label: External soul or separable soul
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage indexes external soul in Cashmere and Celtic stories, soul in
a portrait, plurality of souls, and nagual beliefs.
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
confidence: medium
cautions: No available taxonomy reference exactly matches external-soul belief;
the passage is index-only.
- id: motif:10
label: Animal resurrection belief
taxonomy_refs:
- resurrection
basis: The passage indexes belief in the resurrection of the buffalo.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The index gives no detail about the resurrection belief beyond the heading.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The index itself groups harvest, reaping, first-fruits, and last-sheaf customs
from multiple regions, supporting a cautious same-function comparison at the level
of seasonal agricultural rites.
claim_level: same_function
target: Cross-cultural harvest and first-fruits customs in the indexed materials
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The passage is an index and does not present the full practices or
their local meanings.
- id: claim:2
claim: The index lists the corn-spirit in several animal forms, supporting a cautious
same-motif comparison within Frazer's indexed category of animal embodiments of
the corn-spirit.
claim_level: same_motif
target: Corn-spirit as bull, calf, cat, cock, and clucking-hen
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:4
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: The comparison is internal to the index headings; ritual details are
not supplied.
- id: claim:3
claim: The index places human and animal scapegoats alongside disease and evil-expulsion
customs, supporting a cautious same-function comparison of removal or transfer
of harm.
claim_level: same_function
target: Scapegoat and expulsion-of-evil pattern
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:8
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The index does not demonstrate that every listed expulsion rite uses
a scapegoat mechanism.
- id: claim:4
claim: The index lists sacred trees and life-bound-to-tree beliefs from several
places, supporting a cautious visual or symbolic comparison around trees as sacred
or life-bearing objects.
claim_level: same_function
target: Sacred tree and life-tree pattern
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: low
limitations: The entries may refer to distinct beliefs; the passage does not explain
historical connection or shared meaning.
- id: claim:5
claim: The index lists fire customs from multiple festivals and regions, supporting
a cautious same-function comparison of seasonal fire rites.
claim_level: same_function
target: Midsummer, Beltane, Candlemas, and other fire customs
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- ev:9
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: medium
limitations: The functions of the fire rites are not described in this passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 9092-9105, 9127-9134, 9162-9163
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention Bride as binder of the last sheaf and harvest
or reaping customs in Brie, Britanny, Bruck, Bulgaria, and Cambridgeshire.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 9121-9126, 9139-9140
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention first seed sowing and reaping among the
Burghers and offerings of first-fruits in Burma.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 9114-9120, 9148-9149, 9187-9188
quote_or_summary: Index entries list Dionysus as a bull, the corn-spirit as a bull,
Osiris and the bull, a sacred bull, a bull as scapegoat, and the corn-spirit as
a calf.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 9206-9207, 9297-9299
quote_or_summary: Index entries list the corn-spirit as cat, cock, and clucking-hen.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 9109-9110, 9144-9146, 9290-9291, 9301-9302, 9305-9306
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention belief in the resurrection of the buffalo,
buffalo held sacred by the Todas, sacrifice of the sacred buzzard, sacrifice of
the Cobra Capella, hunting the wren, and salmon-related practice among Columbia
River Indians.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 9153-9159, 9183-9184, 9200-9201, 9253-9254, 9292-9293
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention Cambodia's sacred tree, life bound up with
a tree among the Cameroons, cattle and trees, the sacred cedar of Gilgit, and
a Circassian belief that the pear-tree protects cattle.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 9099-9102, 9170-9172, 9294-9295
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention midsummer fires in Britanny, Beltane fires
in Callander, Candlemas customs, and a fire festival at Cobern.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 9125-9126, 9149-9150, 9176-9177, 9190-9192, 9224-9225, 9257-9258
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention disease boats, cholera-driving ceremonies,
expulsion of witches, expulsion of evil spirits, expulsion of Satan, and human
scapegoats in Chaeronea and China.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 9136-9137, 9184-9185, 9213-9214, 9284-9285
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention burnt sacrifices among the Celts, cattle
driven through fire, Celtic human sacrifices, and children sacrificed by their
parents.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 9160-9161, 9210-9212, 9273-9275, 9278-9279
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention seclusion of girls in Cambodia, seclusion
of girls and an initiation ceremony in Ceram, seclusion of women among the Chippeways,
and seclusion of girls by the Chiriguanos.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: lines 9173-9175, 9193-9194, 9213-9214, 9221-9222, 9303-9304
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention the soul in a portrait, plurality of souls
among the Caribs, external soul in Celtic stories and Cashmere stories, and the
nagual among the Chontal Indians.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: lines 9123-9124, 9138-9139, 9153-9158, 9189-9190, 9233-9238
quote_or_summary: Index entries mention Burgundian kings deposed in scarcity, Burma's
mode of executing princes of the blood, Cambodia's kings of fire and water and
temporary kings, kings of Calicut killed after twelve years, Chinese emperors
offering public sacrifices, and a Chinese emperor held responsible for drought.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: medium
notes: The passage is an index excerpt rather than a narrative or ritual description.
Extraction is therefore limited to indexed topics and cautious pattern labels.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No historical-contact or common-inheritance claims are made; comparisons are limited to same-function or same-index-category patterns explicitly supported by the passage.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg__l9092-l9315
passage_sha256=e35f7d0ccad7c29d0ffa76c0c5b6712d1d305f3a253ca027b68f4dc7390c706d