Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l8664-l8866

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l8664-l8866

---
record_id: batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l8664-l8866
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
passage_locator:
  label: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2) / CONTENTS
    / NOTE. OFFERINGS OF FIRST-FRUITS. / INDEX.; lines 8664-8866'
  start: '8664'
  end: '8866'
  translation: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)'
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage is an alphabetical index segment from Frazer's comparative
    study. It lists topics and cross-references concerning fire festivals, tree worship,
    vegetation figures such as Adonis and Attis, animal worship, scapegoats, harvest
    and first-fruit offerings, soul beliefs, rain-making, sacred or restricted kings,
    and ritual practices in multiple cultures.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage is an index listing topics, locations, figures, and referenced
    page ranges, not a continuous mythic narrative.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The index includes fire-related customs such as fire festivals, Easter bonfires,
    midsummer fires, and Ash Wednesday customs.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Adonis is indexed with myth and worship, a connection with vegetation, gardens,
    rites similar to those of Osiris, a lament, and an identification or association
    as a pig.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Attis is indexed with myth and festival, as a tree-spirit or corn-spirit,
    with a probable slaying of his high priest in the character of the god, a relation
    to Lityerses, and an association as a pig.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Animal worship is indexed with sacred animals carried in procession, animals
    used as scapegoats, animals eaten to obtain their qualities, respect shown to
    killed animals, belief in animal resurrection, and animals burnt as representatives
    of vegetation spirit.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The index includes harvest and first-fruit practices, including the cutting
    of the last sheaf, a priest sowing the first rice seed and plucking the first
    ripe rice, and offerings of first-fruits.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: The index lists soul-related beliefs and practices including soul-abstraction,
    restoring the soul, reflection as soul, shadow beliefs, and external soul stories.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: Several entries concern ritual rulers or priests, including weather kings,
    priestly kings, kings responsible for general welfare, kings confined to palaces,
    bodily restrictions, uncut priestly hair, and iron taboos.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: Rain-making is indexed for multiple regions and peoples, including Abyssinia,
    Apache Indians, Arcadia, heathen Arabs, and Australia.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:10
  text: Tree-related entries include trees planted at births, sacred groves, tree
    worshippers, oak as a sacred tree, and Attis as a tree-spirit or corn-spirit.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:4
- id: obs:11
  text: The index includes scapegoat practices, including animal scapegoats, scapegoats
    in Albania and Athens, and beating the scapegoat in Arcadia.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Adonis
  description: Indexed as a figure of myth and worship connected with vegetation,
    gardens, lament, rites similar to Osiris, and an association as a pig.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Osiris
  description: Mentioned in the index as having rites similar to those of Adonis.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Attis
  description: Indexed as a figure of myth and festival, described as a tree-spirit
    or corn-spirit, connected with a slain high priest, related to Lityerses, and
    associated as a pig.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Dionysus
  description: Indexed in relation to an Argive tradition and the annual marriage
    of the queen to Dionysus at Athens.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Ariadne
  description: Indexed with a marriage entry.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Sacred animal
  description: A collective index figure for animals treated as sacred, carried in
    procession, used as scapegoats, eaten for qualities, respected after being killed,
    believed to resurrect, or burnt as vegetation representatives.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Ritual king or priest
  description: A collective index figure for weather kings, priestly kings, confined
    kings, welfare-responsible kings, and priests with ritual restrictions.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: vegetation-associated figure
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  basis: Adonis is indexed with a connection to vegetation; Attis is indexed as a
    tree-spirit or corn-spirit.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: slain divine representative
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The index states the probability that the high priest of Attis was slain
    in the character of the god.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: ritual marriage participant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  basis: The index lists Ariadne's marriage and the annual marriage of the queen to
    Dionysus at Athens.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: role:4
  label: scapegoat or transferred-burden bearer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Animal worship entries include animals employed as scapegoats, and separate
    entries list scapegoats in specific places.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:11
- id: role:5
  label: sacramental or quality-bearing animal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The index states that animals were eaten to obtain their quality and describes
    animal worship types and sacred-animal processions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: sacral ruler or restricted ritual specialist
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Entries list weather kings, priestly kings, kings responsible for welfare,
    confined kings, kings with bodily requirements, priests with uncut hair, and iron
    taboos for ritual officeholders.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire
  literal_form: Fire festivals, Easter bonfires, midsummer fires, burning a poplar,
    and Ash Wednesday fire-related customs.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: tree
  literal_form: Trees planted at births, sacred groves, tree worship, sacred oak,
    and Attis as tree-spirit or corn-spirit.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: water or rain
  literal_form: Rain-making entries and the drowning of the sacred Egyptian bull Apis.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:13
- id: sym:4
  label: first-fruits and first grain
  literal_form: First rice seed, first ripe rice, first-fruit offerings, harvest festivals,
    and last-sheaf customs.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: external or separable soul
  literal_form: Reflection as soul, shadow belief, soul-abstraction, soul-restoration,
    and external soul stories.
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:6
  label: pig association
  literal_form: Adonis and Attis each indexed as a pig.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
scenes: []
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: seasonal vegetation rite
  taxonomy_refs:
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The index clusters vegetation figures, gardens, tree or corn spirits, harvest
    customs, first-fruit offerings, and fire festivals.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is an index; details of the rites occur elsewhere in the source.
- id: motif:2
  label: dying or lamented vegetation figure
  taxonomy_refs:
  - dying_and_returning
  - death_rebirth
  basis: Adonis is indexed with a lament and vegetation connection; Attis is indexed
    as a tree-spirit or corn-spirit with a probable slaying of his high priest in
    the character of the god.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The index does not itself narrate death and return; it only points to
    topics and page references.
- id: motif:3
  label: sacrifice and scapegoat transfer
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: Entries include sacrificial blood drunk before prophesying, the sacred bull
    Apis drowned, the probable slaying of Attis's high priest, animals used as scapegoats,
    and scapegoat practices in several places.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:11
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  confidence: high
  cautions: The index groups many practices without giving full ritual sequences.
- id: motif:4
  label: sacred exchange through first-fruits
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: The passage indexes offerings of first-fruits, harvest festivals, and ritual
    handling of first rice seed and first ripe rice by a priest.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The recipient and ritual logic of exchange are not described in this index
    passage.
- id: motif:5
  label: animal death, respect, and resurrection belief
  taxonomy_refs:
  - resurrection
  - sacrifice
  basis: Animal worship entries mention respect shown to killed animals, belief in
    resurrection of animals, animal scapegoats, sacramental eating, and burning animals
    as representatives of vegetation spirit.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage lists this as an indexed topic rather than as a single narrative
    tradition.
- id: motif:6
  label: sacred marriage rite
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_marriage
  basis: The index refers to Ariadne's marriage and to the annual marriage of the
    queen to Dionysus at Athens.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage does not describe the rite beyond the index entries.
- id: motif:7
  label: sacral kingship and ritual restriction
  taxonomy_refs:
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: The index lists weather kings, priestly kings, kings responsible for welfare,
    confined kings, bodily restrictions for kings, and ritual taboos affecting officeholders.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The available taxonomy term is broader than the exact index wording; the
    passage emphasizes ritual status and restriction more than explicit legitimacy.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The index explicitly states that the rites of Adonis are similar to those
    of Osiris.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Osiris rites
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The passage gives only an index entry and does not describe the specific
    shared features.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The index explicitly marks a relation between Attis and Lityerses.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Lityerses
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The nature of the relation is not stated in this passage.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The index places Adonis and Attis in parallel by listing each as associated
    with a pig.
  claim_level: visual_similarity
  target: Adonis and Attis pig association
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage supplies only parallel index labels and does not explain
    the meaning of the pig association.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866
  quote_or_summary: Alphabetical index entries from Aachen through Australia list
    topics, cultures, rites, figures, and page references.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entries Aachen, Albania, Algeria, Altmark, Angoulême,
    Ash Wednesday customs
  quote_or_summary: The index lists a fire festival at Aachen, Easter Eve and Easter
    bonfire customs, midsummer fires in Algeria, burning a poplar on St. Peter's Day,
    and Ash Wednesday customs.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entry Adonis
  quote_or_summary: Adonis is indexed under myth and worship, connection with vegetation,
    gardens, rites similar to Osiris, probable cult origin, lament, and as a pig.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entry Attis
  quote_or_summary: Attis is indexed under myth and festival, as a tree-spirit or
    corn-spirit, probable slaying of his high priest in the character of the god,
    probable cult origin, relation to Lityerses, and as a pig.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entry Animal worship
  quote_or_summary: Animal worship entries include sacred animals in procession, animals
    as scapegoats, animals eaten to obtain qualities, respect for killed animals,
    belief in animal resurrection, and animals burnt as representatives of vegetation
    spirit.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entries Aberdeenshire, Alfoers, Amboina, Ashantee
  quote_or_summary: Harvest and first-fruit entries include the last sheaf, a priest
    sowing first rice seed and plucking first ripe rice, first-fruit offerings in
    Amboina, and a harvest festival in Ashantee.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entries Amboina, Alfoers, Andamanese, Arabia, Arabian
    stories, Aru Islands, Annamites
  quote_or_summary: Soul-related entries include soul abstraction, restoring the soul,
    reflection as soul, shadow beliefs, external soul stories, and soul superstitions.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entries Africa, Aethiopian kings, Alfoers, Angoy, Antaymour
    kings, Archon of Plataeae, Arval Brothers
  quote_or_summary: Ruler and priest entries include weather kings, priestly kings,
    reluctance to accept crowns, confined kings, kings responsible for welfare, bodily
    restrictions, uncut priestly hair, and iron taboos.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entries Abyssinia, Apache Indians, Arcadia, Arabs, Australia
  quote_or_summary: Rain-making is indexed for Abyssinia, Apache Indians, Arcadia,
    heathen Arabs, and Australia.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entries Aargau, Arician Grove, Arval Brothers, Aryans
  quote_or_summary: Tree-related entries include trees planted at births, sacred groves,
    tree worship among Aryans, and the oak as sacred tree.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entries Albania, Arcadia, Athens, Animal worship
  quote_or_summary: Scapegoat-related entries include scapegoat in Albania, scapegoats
    in Athens, beating the scapegoat in Arcadia, and animals employed as scapegoats.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entries Ariadne, Athens, Argive tradition concerning Dionysus
  quote_or_summary: The index lists Ariadne's marriage, the annual marriage of the
    queen to Dionysus at Athens, and an Argive tradition concerning Dionysus.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entry Apis
  quote_or_summary: Apis, the sacred Egyptian bull, is indexed as drowned.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8664-8866; entries Aegira, Apollo Diradiotes
  quote_or_summary: Blood is indexed as drunk at Aegira before prophesying and as
    the blood of a sacrificial lamb drunk in the temple of Apollo Diradiotes.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source metadata; concise summary used.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is an index section. Literal topic extraction is fairly secure,
    but motif reconstruction is limited because the indexed rituals and myths are
    not narrated in this excerpt.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No taxonomy IDs beyond those supplied in the request were added. Empty scenes reflect the lack of continuous narrative scenes in the index passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg__l8664-l8866
  passage_sha256=db23957943744f006ca93a5441ac995fa5a91473f341a6141d51efcb7fb2ae74