Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l5381-l5418

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l5381-l5418

---
record_id: batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg-l5381-l5418
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
passage_locator:
  label: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2) / CONTENTS;
    lines 5381-5418'
  start: '5381'
  end: '5418'
  translation: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 2 of 2)'
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Frazer lists Greek, Tyrolese, Sicilian, ancient Greek, and Kirgis tales
    in which young women are kept from sunlight because of a foretold danger, abduction,
    transformation, or conception. Several narratives involve enclosure, a sunbeam
    entering through a small opening, and conception or removal by the Sun or a divine
    figure. Frazer compares Danae and a Kirgis ancestry legend to this class of tales
    and interprets the shower of gold and the eye of God as solar imagery.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage introduces a widely diffused superstition and says it has left
    traces in legends and folk-tales.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: In a modern Greek tale, the Fates predict that a princess must avoid sunlight
    in her fifteenth year or she will be turned into a lizard.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: In a Tyrolese story, a maiden is doomed to be transported into the belly of
    a whale if a sunbeam falls on her.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: In another modern Greek tale, the Sun gives a daughter to a childless woman
    on condition of reclaiming the child at age twelve.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The mother seals doors, windows, chinks, and crannies, but a sunbeam enters
    through the keyhole and carries off the girl.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: In a Sicilian story, a seer foretells that a king's daughter will conceive
    a child by the Sun in her fourteenth year.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The Sicilian king shuts his daughter in a lonely tower without windows, but
    she scrapes a hole in the wall with a bone, and a sunbeam enters and impregnates
    her.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: Danae is confined by her father in a subterranean chamber or brazen tower,
    but Zeus reaches and impregnates her in the form of a shower of gold.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: In the Kirgis legend, a Khan keeps his daughter in a dark iron house so that
    no man may see her.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: The Kirgis maiden is shown the bright world by an old woman; when she sees
    it she faints, the eye of God falls upon her, and she conceives.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: The angry Kirgis father places the maiden in a golden chest and sends her
    floating over the sea.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: Frazer says the shower of gold in the Greek story and the eye of God in the
    Kirgis legend probably stand for sunlight and the sun.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: The Fates
  description: Predictors in the modern Greek tale who warn that a princess must avoid
    sunlight or become a lizard.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Modern Greek princess
  description: A princess whose fifteenth year carries the danger of being transformed
    into a lizard if sunlight falls on her.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Tyrolese maiden
  description: A lovely maiden doomed to enter the belly of a whale if a sunbeam falls
    on her.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: The Sun
  description: A personified Sun who gives a child to a childless woman and later
    reclaims her, and who is also named as the impregnating force in the Sicilian
    prophecy.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Childless woman
  description: A woman who receives a daughter from the Sun and tries to prevent the
    Sun from taking her back by sealing the house.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Sun-bestowed daughter
  description: The daughter given by the Sun and carried off by a sunbeam through
    a keyhole at age twelve.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Sicilian seer
  description: A seer who foretells that a king's daughter will conceive by the Sun
    in her fourteenth year.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Sicilian king's daughter
  description: A girl confined in a windowless tower who is impregnated by a sunbeam
    entering through a hole she scraped in the wall.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Danae
  description: A woman confined by her father and impregnated by Zeus in the shape
    of a shower of gold.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Zeus
  description: A divine figure who reaches Danae in the shape of a shower of gold
    and impregnates her.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Kirgis Khan's daughter
  description: A fair daughter kept in a dark iron house, shown the bright world,
    made pregnant when the eye of God falls on her, and then sent away in a golden
    chest.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Old woman caretaker
  description: The old woman who tends the Kirgis maiden and shows her the bright
    world outside the iron house.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: God, represented by the eye of God
  description: The divine figure whose eye falls upon the Kirgis maiden, after which
    she conceives.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Enclosing fathers and parents
  description: Parental or royal figures who confine or seal away daughters to prevent
    male sight, sunlight, abduction, or conception.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: prophetic announcer of danger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  basis: The Fates and the Sicilian seer foretell the girl's dangerous encounter with
    sunlight or the Sun.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: sequestered young woman exposed to solar danger or conception
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:11
  basis: Each young woman is described as subject to danger, removal, transformation,
    or conception through sunlight or a divine solar equivalent.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: solar or divine impregnator or taker
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:10
  - fig:13
  basis: The Sun carries off or impregnates; Zeus impregnates Danae as a shower of
    gold; the eye of God falls on the Kirgis maiden and she conceives.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:4
  label: protective or controlling encloser
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  - fig:14
  basis: Parents or rulers seal doors and windows, place daughters in towers, chambers,
    or an iron house, and attempt to prevent contact.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:5
  label: caretaker who mediates access to the outside world
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: The old woman tends the Kirgis maiden and takes her out to see the bright
    world.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: sunlight or sunbeam
  literal_form: sun, sunbeam, sunlight
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: sym:2
  label: closed or dark enclosure
  literal_form: sealed house, lonely windowless tower, subterranean chamber, brazen
    tower, dark iron house
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:11
  - fig:14
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: sym:3
  label: small opening admitting light
  literal_form: keyhole; hole scraped in wall with a bone
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: lizard transformation
  literal_form: being turned into a lizard
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:5
  label: whale belly transport
  literal_form: belly of a whale
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:6
  label: golden divine contact or container
  literal_form: shower of gold; golden chest
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: sym:7
  label: sea journey
  literal_form: wide sea
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:8
  label: bright world
  literal_form: bright world outside the dark iron house
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Predicted danger of sunlight
  summary: Prophetic figures or narrative premises state that a young woman must avoid
    sunlight or the Sun because it will cause transformation, transport, or conception.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: scene:2
  label: Enclosure to prevent solar contact
  summary: Parents or guardians attempt to prevent contact by sealing a house or confining
    daughters in towers, chambers, or a dark iron house.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  - fig:11
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:3
  label: Sunbeam penetrates enclosure
  summary: Despite enclosure, a sunbeam enters through a keyhole or a hole made in
    a wall, carrying off or impregnating the girl.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Divine golden or solar conception
  summary: Danae is impregnated by Zeus as a shower of gold, and the Kirgis maiden
    conceives when the eye of God falls upon her after seeing the bright world.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Golden chest sent over the sea
  summary: After the Kirgis maiden conceives, her angry father places her in a golden
    chest and sends her floating over the sea.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: maiden secluded from sunlight
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Multiple tales describe girls confined or carefully protected to prevent
    sunlight or a sunbeam from falling on them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage treats the examples as related but does not define a formal
    taxonomy label.
- id: motif:2
  label: solar contact causes transformation, transport, abduction, or conception
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Sunlight turns a princess into a lizard, transports a maiden to a whale's
    belly, carries off a girl, or impregnates a confined daughter.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The outcomes vary by tale, so the motif is broad.
- id: motif:3
  label: conception by sun or divine light
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  - divine_parent_child
  basis: The Sicilian princess conceives by the Sun; Danae conceives by Zeus as a
    shower of gold; the Kirgis maiden conceives when the eye of God falls on her;
    Frazer states that impregnation by the sun is found in legends.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: Frazer's identification of gold and the eye of God as solar is interpretive
    and marked as probable.
- id: motif:4
  label: small aperture defeats protective enclosure
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: A keyhole and a scraped wall-hole allow the sunbeam to enter despite efforts
    to exclude sunlight.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: This pattern is explicit in two examples in the passage.
- id: motif:5
  label: golden chest floating over the sea after miraculous conception
  taxonomy_refs:
  - ark_vessel
  basis: In the Kirgis legend, after conceiving, the daughter is placed in a golden
    chest and sent floating over the wide sea.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Only one example in the passage includes the floating chest; the ark-vessel
    taxonomy reference is approximate and needs review.
- id: motif:6
  label: Danae-type golden shower as solar impregnation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  basis: The passage states that Danae is impregnated by Zeus as a shower of gold
    and suggests that the shower of gold probably stands for sunlight and the sun.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage itself uses the cautious word 'perhaps' for class membership
    and 'probably' for the solar interpretation.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The Danae story is presented as possibly belonging to the same class of tales
    as the sunbeam-seclusion and sun-impregnation narratives.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Danae compared with modern Greek, Tyrolese, and Sicilian sunlight tales
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: Frazer phrases the classification cautiously with 'perhaps,' and the
    individual tale outcomes differ.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The Kirgis ancestry legend is presented as a counterpart to the Danae legend,
    with divine or solar contact causing conception after female seclusion.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Greek Danae legend and Kirgis ancestry legend
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage supports motif comparison but does not demonstrate historical
    contact or common inheritance.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The shower of gold in the Greek story and the eye of God in the Kirgis legend
    are interpreted as equivalent solar images.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: shower of gold and eye of God as representations of sunlight or the sun
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is Frazer's interpretive claim and is stated as probable rather
    than certain.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 5381-5384
  quote_or_summary: The passage says a widespread superstition left traces in tales;
    in a modern Greek tale, the Fates warn that a princess will become a lizard if
    sunlight reaches her in her fifteenth year.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 5384-5386
  quote_or_summary: A Tyrolese story says a lovely maiden is doomed to be transported
    into a whale's belly if a sunbeam falls on her.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 5386-5393
  quote_or_summary: In a modern Greek tale, the Sun gives a daughter to a childless
    woman and will reclaim her at age twelve; the mother seals the house, but a sunbeam
    enters by the keyhole and carries the girl off.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 5393-5402
  quote_or_summary: In a Sicilian story, a seer foretells that a king's daughter will
    conceive by the Sun; the king encloses her in a windowless tower, but she makes
    a hole with a bone and a sunbeam enters and impregnates her.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 5402-5406
  quote_or_summary: Danae is confined by her father in a subterranean chamber or brazen
    tower, but Zeus reaches and impregnates her in the shape of a shower of gold;
    Frazer says this perhaps belongs to the same class of tales.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 5406-5415
  quote_or_summary: In the Kirgis ancestry legend, a Khan keeps his daughter in a
    dark iron house; an old woman shows her the bright world, the eye of God falls
    upon her and she conceives, and her father sends her floating over the sea in
    a golden chest.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 5415-5418
  quote_or_summary: Frazer states that the shower of gold and eye of God probably
    stand for sunlight and the sun, and that legends and marriage customs contain
    traces of women being impregnated by the sun.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-2-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal extraction is strong because the passage is explicit. Motif and comparison
    fields need review because several are Frazer's own comparative interpretations
    and some taxonomy links are approximate.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the provided passage and metadata. Available taxonomy references were applied only where directly supportable or cautiously approximate.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:comparative-golden-bough-volume-2-frazer-gutenberg__l5381-l5418
  passage_sha256=cc67e521092b5b69f36e1a99aeafa78e5b88b5977efd46f79ff279f7d4c712b1