Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l8515-l8575

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l8515-l8575

---
record_id: batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l8515-l8575
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
passage_locator:
  label: MACAULAY. / CHAPTER II. THE PERILS OF THE SOUL. / HEINE. / CHAPTER III. KILLING
    THE GOD.; lines 8515-8575
  start: '8515'
  end: '8575'
  translation: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)'
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage describes the final stages of a human sacrifice: preparation
    and communal contact with the victim, several reported methods of killing, rapid
    distribution of flesh to villages, offerings to the Earth Goddess and fields,
    treatment of remains and ashes for agricultural protection, temporary ritual restrictions,
    and later substitution of animal victims in some places.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: On the last morning, the assembly resumed rites until noon and then proceeded
    to the sacrifice.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The victim was anointed with oil, and participants touched the anointed part
    and wiped the oil on their own heads.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: In some places the victim was taken door to door, where people plucked hair
    from his head or sought a drop of his spittle to anoint their heads.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: Because the victim was not to be bound or visibly resist, his limbs could
    be broken or he could be stupefied with opium.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: One killing method used a cleft branch of a green tree closed around the victim's
    neck or chest by the priest and assistants.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: After the priest slightly wounded the victim with an axe, the crowd cut flesh
    from the body while leaving the head and bowels untouched.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:7
  text: In Chinna Kimedy, the victim could be dragged through fields while the crowd
    cut flesh from his body until he died.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:8
  text: Another method fastened the victim to a revolving wooden elephant while the
    crowd cut flesh from him while he remained alive.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:9
  text: In one district, the victim was put on a sloping stage and exposed to fire
    and hot brands; the passage states that more tears were expected to produce more
    rain.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:10
  text: Flesh cut from the victim was sent rapidly to villages, sometimes by relays
    over fifty or sixty miles.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:11
  text: Those who stayed in the village fasted until the flesh arrived.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:12
  text: The priest offered one portion of the flesh to the Earth Goddess by burying
    it in a hole, with his back turned and without looking, and poured water on the
    spot from a hill gourd.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:13
  text: Heads of households buried shares of flesh wrapped in leaves in their preferred
    fields, placing them in the earth behind their backs without looking.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:14
  text: In some places, a man carried his portion of flesh to the stream that watered
    his fields and hung it on a pole.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:15
  text: For three days after the sacrifice, houses were not swept; in one district,
    silence was observed, fire was not given out, wood was not cut, and strangers
    were not received.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:16
  text: The head, bowels, and bones were watched overnight and then burned with a
    whole sheep on a funeral pile; ashes could be scattered on fields, applied to
    houses and granaries, or mixed with new corn to protect it from insects.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:17
  text: After suppression of human sacrifices, inferior victims were substituted in
    some places, including a goat in the capital of Chinna Kimedy.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: human victim
  description: The person anointed, processed, killed, cut apart, and distributed
    as flesh or remains.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: priest
  description: The ritual officiant who helped kill or wound the victim and later
    divided and offered portions of flesh.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: assembly or crowd
  description: The gathered participants who touched the victim, processed him, cut
    flesh from him, or assisted in the rite.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: assistants
  description: Assistants who aided the priest in closing the cleft tree branch around
    the victim.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Earth Goddess
  description: The named deity to whom one portion of the victim's flesh was offered
    by burial.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: heads of families or houses
  description: Village household heads who received flesh portions and buried them
    in fields.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: bearers deputed by each village
  description: Persons assigned to carry the victim's flesh quickly back to their
    villages.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: whole sheep
  description: A sheep burned with the human remains on a funeral pile.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: goat
  description: An animal victim substituted for a human victim in the capital of Chinna
    Kimedy after suppression of human sacrifice.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: sacrificial victim
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage repeatedly calls the person the victim and describes his killing
    and ritual distribution.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: ritual officiant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The priest participates in the killing, divides flesh, and makes the offering
    to the Earth Goddess.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: communal ritual participants
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  basis: The crowd, assembly, and assistants participate in touching, processing,
    killing, and cutting flesh from the victim.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: recipient deity
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: One flesh portion is offered to the Earth Goddess by burial.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: household field recipients
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Heads of houses receive portions of flesh and place them in fields.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: ritual couriers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Deputies from each village carry the flesh home rapidly, sometimes by relay.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: funeral-pile animal accompaniment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: A whole sheep is burned along with the remaining human body parts.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:8
  label: substitute sacrificial victim
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: A goat is said to have taken the place of a human victim in one location.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: anointing oil
  literal_form: oil placed on the victim and transferred to participants' heads
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: hair and spittle of the victim
  literal_form: hair plucked from the victim and spittle requested for anointing
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: cleft green tree branch
  literal_form: branch of a green tree split and closed around the victim's neck or
    chest
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: axe wound
  literal_form: slight wound made by the priest with an axe before the crowd cuts
    flesh
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: wooden elephant
  literal_form: revolving wooden elephant to which the victim is fastened
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: fire and hot brands
  literal_form: fires and hot brands used to make the victim roll on a sloping stage
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:7
  label: tears and rain
  literal_form: tears shed by the victim connected in the passage with the amount
    of rain
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:8
  label: victim's flesh in earth
  literal_form: portions of flesh buried for the Earth Goddess and in household fields
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:9
  label: water from hill gourd
  literal_form: water poured by the priest on the burial spot from a hill gourd
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:10
  label: stream and pole
  literal_form: flesh hung on a pole at the stream that watered the fields
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:11
  label: ashes of remains
  literal_form: ashes scattered on fields, applied to houses and granaries, or mixed
    with new corn
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:12
  label: new corn
  literal_form: new corn mixed with ashes to preserve it from insects
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: final morning preparation and contact with victim
  summary: The gathered assembly resumes rites, anoints the victim, and in some places
    conducts him door to door for hair or spittle to be taken or requested.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: prevention of resistance and killing
  summary: The victim is prevented from resisting, and different methods of killing
    are described, including a cleft tree branch, cutting flesh after an axe wound,
    dragging in fields, a revolving wooden elephant, and death by fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: rapid transport of flesh to villages
  summary: Deputies carry flesh from the victim rapidly to villages, while those who
    stayed home fast until its arrival.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: burial of flesh for deity and fields
  summary: The priest offers one portion of flesh to the Earth Goddess by burial with
    water, while heads of houses bury other portions in their fields; in some places
    flesh is hung by a stream.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: post-sacrifice restrictions and treatment of remains
  summary: Temporary restrictions follow the sacrifice; the remaining head, bowels,
    and bones are watched, burned with a sheep, and the ashes are used on fields,
    houses, granaries, or new corn, though burial is also reported in some cases.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:11
  - sym:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:6
  label: substitution after suppression
  summary: After human sacrifices were suppressed, animal victims such as a goat were
    substituted in some places.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: human sacrifice for agricultural fertility and protection
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The victim's flesh is buried in fields or offered to the Earth Goddess, ashes
    are spread on fields and mixed with new corn, and the passage links the victim's
    tears with rain.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is a later comparative account; the extraction records Frazer's
    description, not an independently verified ritual interpretation.
- id: motif:2
  label: communal transfer from victim to participants
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: Participants touch oil on the victim and transfer it to their heads; in some
    places hair and spittle from the victim are used in anointing.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage does not explicitly explain the intended meaning of the oil,
    hair, or spittle transfer.
- id: motif:3
  label: dismembered victim distributed to fields and households
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: Flesh cut from the victim is carried to villages, divided by priest and household
    heads, buried in fields, or hung by streams that water fields.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a descriptive motif candidate; the passage gives agricultural
    uses but does not present a mythic narrative around the victim.
- id: motif:4
  label: victim's suffering connected with rain
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The fire-death scene states that the more tears the victim shed, the more
    abundant the rain would be.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: This connection is reported for one district and one mode of sacrifice
    only.
- id: motif:5
  label: ritual substitution of animal for human victim
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: After suppression of human sacrifices, animal victims are said to have been
    substituted, including a goat in Chinna Kimedy.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives one explicit example and does not detail the substituted
    rite.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8515-8523
  quote_or_summary: On the last morning, rites resume until noon; the victim is anointed
    with oil, participants transfer the oil to their heads, and in some places the
    victim is processed door to door for hair or spittle used in anointing.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8523-8534
  quote_or_summary: The victim is not to be bound or visibly resist, so limbs may
    be broken or opium used; one killing method closes a cleft green tree branch around
    the victim, after which the priest wounds him and the crowd cuts flesh from the
    body, leaving head and bowels.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8534-8549
  quote_or_summary: Other reported killing methods include dragging the victim through
    fields in Chinna Kimedy while flesh is cut away, fastening him to a revolving
    wooden elephant, and exposing him on a sloping stage to fire and hot brands so
    that his tears would correspond to abundant rain.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8550-8564
  quote_or_summary: Flesh cut from the victim is carried rapidly to villages; those
    at home fast until it arrives. The priest divides it, buries one portion for the
    Earth Goddess with water poured from a hill gourd, and household heads bury portions
    wrapped in leaves in fields.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8564-8573
  quote_or_summary: In some places flesh is hung on a pole by the stream watering
    the fields. Three-day restrictions may follow. Remaining head, bowels, and bones
    are watched, burned with a sheep, and ashes are scattered on fields, applied to
    houses or granaries, or mixed with new corn; some remains are buried instead.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8573-8575
  quote_or_summary: After suppression of human sacrifices, inferior victims are substituted
    in some places; in the capital of Chinna Kimedy, a goat takes the place of a human
    victim.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: The passage is explicit about ritual actions and agricultural uses. Motif
    labels are limited to taxonomy-supported descriptive patterns; no comparison claims
    are made because the passage itself does not establish a specific cross-traditional
    comparison beyond Frazer's broader comparative framing.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. The account is treated as a later public-domain comparative-religion source rather than direct primary ritual testimony.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg__l8515-l8575
  passage_sha256=ead0ceef4c5221c0ecc5ae3457f891fcf74ea82e5e548730f19ef8566526a59b