Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l7981-l8057

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l7981-l8057

---
record_id: batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l7981-l8057
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
passage_locator:
  label: MACAULAY. / CHAPTER II. THE PERILS OF THE SOUL. / HEINE. / CHAPTER III. KILLING
    THE GOD.; lines 7981-8057
  start: '7981'
  end: '8057'
  translation: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)'
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: mââ-ne-hra, “come thou back”; ai lanu, “woe to us”
  summary: Frazer discusses harvest and vintage laments in Egypt, Phoenicia, Bithynia,
    and Phrygia, interpreting several named songs or youths as connected with mourning
    for a corn-spirit or vegetation figure. He summarizes customs involving first
    sheaves, reaping songs, missing or slain youths, and the Phrygian story of Lityerses,
    who kills strangers in a harvest-field before being slain by Hercules. Frazer
    then proposes that the Lityerses story may reflect a harvest custom involving
    strangers treated as embodiments of the corn-spirit, bound in sheaves, beheaded,
    and thrown into water as a rain-charm, and he introduces a comparison with European
    harvest customs.
  language: English
  quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Egyptian reapers are reported to have lamented over the first sheaf cut and
    invoked Isis as the goddess associated with the discovery of corn.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The Greeks called the Egyptian reapers’ cry Maneros and explained it through
    a story about Maneros, the only son of the first Egyptian king, who invented agriculture
    and died an untimely death.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: Frazer states that the name Maneros may derive from the Egyptian formula translated
    as “come thou back,” found in Egyptian writings including a dirge of Isis in the
    Book of the Dead.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Frazer supposes that the reapers’ cry over cut corn functioned as a dirge
    for the death of the corn-spirit, identified parenthetically as Isis or Osiris,
    and as a prayer for its return.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: The first ears reaped are described as the place where the corn-spirit was
    believed to be present and to die under the sickle.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: In Java, the first ears of rice are said to represent the Corn-bride and Corn-bridegroom.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: In parts of Russia, the first sheaf is reaped by the mistress, placed near
    holy pictures, threshed separately, and mixed into the next year’s seed-corn.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: A Phoenician or Western Asian plaintive song sung at the vintage, and probably
    also at harvest, was called Linus or Ailinus by the Greeks and explained as a
    lament for a youth named Linus.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: One story says Linus was brought up by a shepherd and torn to pieces by his
    dogs.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: Frazer states that Linus or Ailinus may derive from the Phoenician cry translated
    as “woe to us,” uttered in mourning for Adonis, and notes that Sappho seems to
    have treated Adonis and Linus as equivalent.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:11
  text: In Bithynia, Mariandynian reapers chanted a mournful song called Bormus or
    Borimus.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:12
  text: Bormus is described as a handsome youth who went to fetch water for reapers
    and was never heard of again; reapers sought him by calling him in plaintive strains
    used afterward.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:13
  text: In Phrygia, a harvesters’ song sung at reaping and threshing was called Lityerses.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:14
  text: One story describes Lityerses as a son of Midas who fed and gave drink to
    strangers, forced them to reap, wrapped them in a sheaf, cut off their heads with
    a sickle, and carried away their bodies wrapped in corn stalks.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:15
  text: Hercules is said to have slain Lityerses and thrown his body into the river.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:16
  text: Another version says Lityerses challenged people to reaping matches, thrashed
    those he defeated, and was eventually slain by a stronger reaper.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: obs:17
  text: Frazer proposes that the Lityerses stories may describe a Phrygian harvest
    custom in which strangers were regarded as embodiments of the corn-spirit, seized,
    wrapped in sheaves, beheaded, and thrown into water as a rain-charm.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
- id: obs:18
  text: 'Frazer identifies three comparison points for European harvest customs: reaping
    matches and binding persons in sheaves; killing the corn-spirit or its representatives;
    and treatment of visitors or strangers to the harvest-field.'
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Egyptian reapers
  description: Reapers who lament over the first sheaf and invoke Isis.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Isis
  description: Named as the goddess to whom Egyptians owed the discovery of corn and,
    in Frazer’s interpretation, as one possible identity of the corn-spirit lamented
    in harvest dirges.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Maneros
  description: Explained by Greek story as the only son of the first Egyptian king,
    inventor of agriculture, and youth who died untimely and was lamented.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Osiris
  description: Named parenthetically by Frazer as one possible identity of the corn-spirit
    whose death and return are invoked in the harvest cry.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Corn-bride and Corn-bridegroom
  description: Javanese representations associated with the first ears of rice.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Russian mistress reaping first sheaf
  description: The woman who reaps the first sheaf, takes it home, places it by holy
    pictures, and later threshes it separately.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Linus or Ailinus
  description: A youth for whom the Phoenician song is explained as a lament; one
    story says he was raised by a shepherd and torn apart by dogs.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Adonis
  description: Named as the figure mourned by the Phoenician cry that Frazer associates
    with Linus or Ailinus; Sappho is reported to have regarded Adonis and Linus as
    equivalent.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Mariandynian reapers
  description: Bithynian reapers who chanted the mournful song Bormus or Borimus and
    called for the missing youth.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Bormus or Borimus
  description: A handsome youth, son of King Upias or of a wealthy distinguished man,
    who disappeared after going to fetch water for reapers.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Lityerses
  description: A Phrygian harvest figure, described as a son of Midas, who compelled
    strangers to reap, killed them with a sickle while wrapped in sheaves, and was
    later slain.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Strangers or passers-by in the harvest-field
  description: Persons entering or passing the corn-field whom Lityerses feeds, compels
    to reap, wraps in sheaves, and kills; in Frazer’s interpretation, possible embodiments
    of the corn-spirit.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Hercules
  description: The figure who slays Lityerses and throws his body into the river.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Stronger reaper
  description: In another version, the stronger reaper who slays Lityerses after a
    reaping match.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: harvest lamenters
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  basis: These reapers perform plaintive songs or cries in connection with first sheaves
    or a missing harvest youth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:10
- id: role:2
  label: discoverer or patron of corn
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage says Egyptians invoked Isis as the goddess to whom they owed
    the discovery of corn.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: corn-spirit or vegetation embodiment
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:12
  basis: Frazer identifies Isis or Osiris as the corn-spirit mourned in the reaping
    cry and interprets strangers as possible embodiments of the corn-spirit in a Phrygian
    harvest custom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:15
- id: role:4
  label: lamented dead youth
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  basis: Maneros and Linus are each explained by Greek stories as youths whose deaths
    were lamented in song.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:5
  label: paired grain representatives
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The first ears of rice are said to represent the Corn-bride and Corn-bridegroom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: first-sheaf ritual handler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The mistress reaps, places, threshes, and preserves grain from the first
    sheaf for seed-corn.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: mourned vegetation-related figure
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Frazer connects the Phoenician cry with mourning for Adonis and notes an
    equivalence with Linus in Sappho.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:8
  label: vanished water-fetching youth
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Bormus disappears after going to fetch water for reapers, who thereafter
    call for him in plaintive strains.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: role:9
  label: harvest-field killer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: Lityerses compels strangers to reap, wraps them in sheaves, and beheads them
    with a sickle.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: role:10
  label: slayer of the slayer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  basis: Hercules or a stronger reaper slays Lityerses; Lityerses himself slays strangers
    in the field.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: role:11
  label: harvest victim or captive reaper
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  basis: Strangers are fed, compelled to reap, wrapped in sheaves, and killed in the
    Lityerses story.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: first sheaf or first ears
  literal_form: first sheaf cut; first ears reaped; first ears of rice
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: sym:2
  label: harvest lament or cry
  literal_form: plaintive song or cry; Maneros; Linus or Ailinus; Bormus or Borimus;
    Lityerses
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: sym:3
  label: return formula
  literal_form: mââ-ne-hra, translated as “come thou back”
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: sickle
  literal_form: sickle used to cut corn and to behead Lityerses’ victims
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:12
- id: sym:5
  label: sheaf wrapping
  literal_form: stranger wrapped in a sheaf or body wrapped in corn stalks
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:15
- id: sym:6
  label: water or river
  literal_form: drink of water; river; water used in Frazer’s proposed rain-charm
    interpretation
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
  - ev:15
- id: sym:7
  label: seed-corn continuity
  literal_form: grain from first sheaf mixed with next year’s seed-corn
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:8
  label: reaping match
  literal_form: challenge to a reaping match; stronger reaper
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  - fig:14
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
  - ev:16
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Egyptian first-sheaf lament
  summary: Egyptian reapers lament over the first sheaf, invoke Isis, and the cry
    is interpreted by Frazer as a dirge for the corn-spirit and a prayer for return.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:2
  label: First ears and first sheaf treated as grain representatives
  summary: The passage compares first ears of rice in Java, represented as a Corn-bride
    and Corn-bridegroom, with a Russian practice in which the first sheaf is honored,
    separately threshed, and mixed into seed-corn.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:3
  label: Phoenician Linus lament
  summary: A Phoenician plaintive song at vintage and probably harvest is called Linus
    or Ailinus by Greeks, explained as mourning for Linus, and linked by Frazer to
    a cry of mourning for Adonis.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:4
  label: Bormus disappearance and search
  summary: Bormus goes to fetch water for reapers, disappears, and is thereafter called
    for by reapers in a mournful song.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: scene:5
  label: Lityerses compels and kills strangers
  summary: Lityerses feeds strangers, compels them to reap, wraps them in sheaves,
    beheads them with a sickle, and carries away their bodies wrapped in corn stalks.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: scene:6
  label: Lityerses slain
  summary: Lityerses is slain either by Hercules, who throws his body into the river,
    or by a stronger reaper after reaping contests.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: scene:7
  label: Frazer’s proposed harvest-custom interpretation
  summary: Frazer proposes that the Lityerses stories may preserve a harvest custom
    in which strangers were treated as embodiments of the corn-spirit, bound in sheaves,
    killed, and cast into water as a rain-charm, and he frames comparison with European
    harvest customs.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: harvest lament for dying and returning corn-spirit
  taxonomy_refs:
  - dying_and_returning
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: Frazer interprets the first-sheaf cry as a dirge for the death of the corn-spirit
    and a prayer for its return.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is Frazer’s scholarly interpretation of the evidence, not a directly
    quoted ancient ritual text in the passage.
- id: motif:2
  label: first sheaf as embodied grain power preserved for future sowing
  taxonomy_refs:
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The passage associates the first sheaf or first ears with the presence of
    the corn-spirit, grain-representatives, and seed saved for the following year.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage juxtaposes examples from Egypt, Java, and Russia; their equivalence
    is an interpretive comparison.
- id: motif:3
  label: lamented harvest youth
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: Maneros, Linus, and Bormus are each connected with plaintive harvest or vintage
    songs and stories of death, dismemberment, or disappearance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage often treats named youths as later explanations of ritual
    cries; the degree of original mythic identity is uncertain.
- id: motif:4
  label: stranger victim as corn-spirit representative
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: Frazer proposes that strangers in the Lityerses story were regarded as embodiments
    of the corn-spirit, wrapped in sheaves, beheaded, and thrown into water as a fertility
    or rain charm.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:15
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Presented by Frazer as a supposition based on comparative grounds, not
    as directly documented Phrygian ritual practice in this passage.
- id: motif:5
  label: slayer overcome by stronger slayer
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Lityerses kills strangers in the harvest-field and is later slain by Hercules
    or by a stronger reaper.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  confidence: high
  cautions: This motif is narrative rather than explicitly tied to an available taxonomy
    family.
- id: motif:6
  label: water disposal as rain-charm
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: Frazer infers that bodies bound in corn-stalks were thrown into water as
    a rain-charm, and the Lityerses narrative includes Hercules throwing Lityerses’
    body into a river.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:15
  confidence: low
  cautions: The rain-charm function is explicitly conjectural in the passage.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage compares Egyptian Maneros and Phoenician Linus/Ailinus as Greek
    names attached to plaintive agricultural songs and explained by stories of lamented
    youths.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Egyptian Maneros and Phoenician Linus/Ailinus harvest or vintage laments
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: Frazer argues both names arise from verbal misunderstandings; the passage
    does not establish historical contact beyond broad regional comparison.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage presents Maneros, Linus, Bormus, and Lityerses as corresponding
    regional harvest or vintage songs connected with dead, missing, or slain youths.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Eastern Mediterranean and Anatolian plaintive harvest-youth songs
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The connection is constructed by Frazer’s comparative arrangement and
    varies in details across examples.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The Lityerses story is explicitly compared with European harvest customs
    on points including reaping matches, binding persons in sheaves, killing the corn-spirit
    or its representatives, and treatment of harvest-field strangers.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: European harvest customs involving sheaves, reaping contests, corn-spirit
    representatives, and strangers
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage announces the comparison but does not provide the European
    examples within this line range.
- id: claim:4
  claim: The passage cautiously links the killing of human beings to agricultural
    fertility through Frazer’s statement that such killings have commonly been used
    to promote field fertility.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: human killing to promote fertility of fields
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: The statement is broad and unsupported by specific cases in the supplied
    passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7981-7985
  quote_or_summary: Ancient Egyptian reapers lamented over the first sheaf cut and
    invoked Isis as the goddess credited with the discovery of corn.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7985-7990
  quote_or_summary: The Greeks named the Egyptian reapers’ cry Maneros and explained
    it by a story in which Maneros, only son of the first Egyptian king, invented
    agriculture and died untimely, causing popular lament.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: lines 7990-7994
  quote_or_summary: The formula mââ-ne-hra is translated as “come thou back” and is
    said to occur in Egyptian writings, including the dirge of Isis in the Book of
    the Dead.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quote from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7994-8001
  quote_or_summary: Frazer supposes that the cry over cut corn was a dirge for the
    death of the corn-spirit, identified as Isis or Osiris, and a prayer for return;
    the first corn cut is said to contain the corn-spirit and to die under the sickle.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8001-8003
  quote_or_summary: In Java, the first ears of rice are said to represent the Corn-bride
    and the Corn-bridegroom.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8003-8008
  quote_or_summary: In parts of Russia, the first sheaf is reaped by the mistress,
    set in a place of honor near holy pictures, threshed separately, and some grain
    mixed with the next year’s seed-corn.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8010-8016
  quote_or_summary: In Phoenicia and Western Asia, a plaintive vintage and probably
    harvest song was called Linus or Ailinus by Greeks and explained as a lament for
    a youth named Linus.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8016-8018
  quote_or_summary: One story says Linus was raised by a shepherd but torn to pieces
    by his dogs.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:9
  type: quote
  locator: lines 8018-8024
  quote_or_summary: Frazer connects Linus or Ailinus with the cry ai lanu, “woe to
    us,” probably uttered in mourning for Adonis, and says Sappho seems to have regarded
    Adonis and Linus as equivalent.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quote from supplied passage.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8026-8033
  quote_or_summary: In Bithynia, Mariandynian reapers chanted Bormus or Borimus; Bormus
    was a handsome youth who went to fetch water for reapers, disappeared, and was
    thereafter sought in plaintive song.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8035-8038
  quote_or_summary: In Phrygia, the corresponding song sung by harvesters at reaping
    and threshing was called Lityerses.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8038-8047
  quote_or_summary: Lityerses, a son of Midas, gives strangers food and drink, compels
    them to reap, wraps them in a sheaf, beheads them with a sickle, and carries away
    their bodies wrapped in corn stalks.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8047-8051
  quote_or_summary: Hercules slays Lityerses and throws his body into the river; Frazer
    infers Hercules probably slew him in the same way Lityerses slew others.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8051-8057
  quote_or_summary: Another version says Lityerses challenges people to reaping matches,
    thrashes defeated opponents, and is finally slain by a stronger reaper.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:15
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8059-8068
  quote_or_summary: Frazer proposes that Lityerses stories may describe a Phrygian
    harvest custom in which strangers were regarded as corn-spirit embodiments, seized,
    wrapped in sheaves, beheaded, and thrown into water as a rain-charm; he cites
    resemblance to European harvest customs and killings for field fertility as grounds.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:16
  type: summary
  locator: lines 8070-8075
  quote_or_summary: 'Frazer identifies three comparison points with European harvest
    customs: reaping matches and binding persons in sheaves; killing the corn-spirit
    or representatives; and treatment of visitors or strangers to harvest-fields.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is itself comparative scholarship, so many motifs are Frazer’s
    interpretations or reported summaries of traditions rather than primary-source
    ritual descriptions. The supplied locator says lines 7981-8057, but the provided
    passage text continues into Frazer’s comparative setup beyond that endpoint; evidence
    locators follow the supplied text sequence and include those later supplied lines
    where used.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the supplied passage and metadata. Taxonomy references are limited to available motif families and symbols; unsupported taxonomy links are left empty.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg__l7981-l8057
  passage_sha256=2fe1cd530f2855e0fa464a8631d23d4e94d9d71d765f6abe5fe7f43b01e653c5