Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l4380-l4462

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l4380-l4462

---
record_id: batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l4380-l4462
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER I. THE KING OF THE WOOD. / MACAULAY. / CHAPTER II. THE PERILS OF
    THE SOUL. / HEINE.; lines 4380-4462
  start: '4380'
  end: '4462'
  translation: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)'
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: It is a common rule that royal blood must not be shed upon the ground.
  summary: Frazer surveys examples in which royal, human, or animal blood is prevented
    from falling on the ground, especially in executions of kings, princes, nobles,
    chiefs, or royal kin. He connects the rule to the idea that the soul is in the
    blood and that whatever receives chiefly blood may become taboo or sacred.
  language: English
  quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage states a rule that royal blood must not be shed on the ground.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Several execution methods are described as avoiding the spilling of royal
    blood, including pounding in a caldron, starvation, suffocation, strangling, drowning,
    burning, wrapping in a carpet, and beating or breaking without open bloodshed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: obs:3
  text: The stated reason in the Siamese example is that divine blood should not be
    contaminated by mixing with earth.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage extends the rule beyond royal persons to a broader reluctance
    to shed human blood or to let it fall on the ground.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: In Australian examples, blood from circumcision, tooth extraction, bleeding,
    and rain-making rites is received on bodies of tribesmen rather than allowed to
    fall on the ground.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: At childbirth in South Celebes, blood trickling through the raised floor is
    received in a basin held by a female slave under the house.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: Some examples describe animals being killed for food without shedding blood,
    such as by stoning, beating, suffocation, stunning, or smoke.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: Frazer proposes that reluctance to shed blood on the ground is connected with
    belief that the soul is in the blood and that ground or objects touched by it
    become taboo or sacred.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: New Zealand examples describe a canoe and a house becoming associated with
    a high chief after his blood fell on them.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: The passage concludes that prohibitions on spilling tribesmen’s blood apply
    especially strongly to chiefs and kings.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: royal persons, chiefs, kings, princes, and nobles
  description: Persons whose blood is treated as not to be shed on the ground, especially
    in execution or accidental injury examples.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: execution authorities and killers
  description: Agents who put royal or noble persons to death by methods presented
    as avoiding the spilling of blood.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Australian tribesmen and initiates
  description: Tribesmen receive blood on their bodies, while boys undergoing circumcision
    or tooth extraction are positioned so blood does not fall on the ground.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: female slave in South Celebes childbirth example
  description: A female slave stands below a raised house and receives childbirth
    blood in a basin on her head.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: animals and cattle killed for food
  description: Animals whose blood is not shed when they are killed for food in several
    cited examples.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: New Zealand high chief
  description: A high chief whose blood falling on a canoe or house makes the object
    taboo or sacred to him in the cited examples.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: sacred or taboo-bearing blood-holder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  basis: The passage treats royal or chiefly blood as requiring special avoidance
    of contact with the ground and as capable of making objects sacred or taboo.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:2
  label: bloodless execution agent
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Authorities or victors execute royal persons by methods intended to avoid
    spilling their blood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: blood receiver
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  basis: These figures receive or carry blood so that it does not fall on the ground.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: blood-preserved animal victim
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Animals are killed by methods described as avoiding the shedding of blood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: royal or chiefly blood
  literal_form: blood of kings, princes, nobles, chiefs, or royal family members
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: sym:2
  label: ground or earth
  literal_form: ground, earth, or surfaces on which blood may fall
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: sym:3
  label: bloodless execution containers and coverings
  literal_form: iron caldron, leather sack, carpet, scarlet cloth, white blankets
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: river water as execution medium
  literal_form: river or water used for drowning or disposal of royal bodies
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: sym:5
  label: fire as execution method
  literal_form: burning alive or burning royal brothers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: human bodies as blood-receiving surface
  literal_form: living bodies, shoulders, breast, or bodies of fellow tribesmen
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: sym:7
  label: tabooed object touched by chiefly blood
  literal_form: canoe and house touched by a high chief’s blood
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Royal bloodless executions
  summary: Royal or noble persons in multiple cited societies are executed by methods
    said to prevent their blood from falling on the ground.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:2
  label: Non-royal human blood kept off the ground
  summary: The passage gives examples where human blood from punishment, execution,
    initiation, healing, rain-making, or childbirth is prevented from touching the
    ground.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:3
  label: Animal killing without bloodshed
  summary: Some animal-killing practices are described as avoiding bloodshed when
    animals are killed for food.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Chiefly blood makes objects taboo
  summary: In New Zealand examples, objects on which a high chief’s blood falls become
    sacred or taboo to him.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: blood must not fall on the ground
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage repeatedly states that royal, human, or animal blood is kept
    from the ground by special execution, ritual, healing, childbirth, and slaughter
    practices.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a passage-level comparative pattern rather than a supplied taxonomy
    family.
- id: motif:2
  label: bloodless execution of sacred royalty
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Kings, princes, nobles, chiefs, or royal kin are killed by methods designed
    to avoid spilling royal blood onto earth or exposing it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents examples from multiple societies through Frazer’s
    comparative framing; individual ethnographic contexts are not independently evaluated
    here.
- id: motif:3
  label: chiefly blood creates taboo or sacred property
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage explains the avoidance of blood on the ground by saying the soul
    is in the blood, and it gives examples of a canoe and house becoming taboo or
    sacred after contact with a high chief’s blood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The explanation is Frazer’s stated interpretation within the passage.
- id: motif:4
  label: initiation blood received by the community
  taxonomy_refs:
  - initiation
  basis: Australian initiation examples describe circumcision and tooth extraction
    blood being received on the bodies of tribesmen rather than falling to the ground.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The initiation taxonomy applies only to the cited initiation examples,
    not to the whole passage.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage compares multiple royal courts and societies as using bloodless
    methods of execution for royal or noble persons because royal blood should not
    touch the ground.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: bloodless execution of royal persons in Siamese, Tartar/Mongol, Burmese,
    Tonquin, Ashantee, Madagascar, and Uganda examples
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The comparison is based only on Frazer’s cited examples and does not
    establish historical contact or common origin.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage presents royal blood taboos as a special case of a wider pattern
    in which human blood is kept from falling on the ground.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: general blood-not-on-ground practices in punishment, initiation, healing,
    rain-making, childbirth, and execution examples
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The passage gives functional similarity but not a single local explanation
    for all examples.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The passage cautiously links avoidance of blood on the ground with the belief
    that the soul is in the blood and that blood contact can render ground or objects
    taboo or sacred.
  claim_level: archetypal_reading
  target: blood as soul-bearing substance and taboo-generating contact
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is Frazer’s explanatory interpretation; the passage does not provide
    direct emic testimony for every example.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: quote
  locator: 4380-4392
  quote_or_summary: "“It is a common rule that royal blood must not be shed upon the
    ground”; the Siamese king is killed in an iron caldron so divine blood is not
    mixed with earth."
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 4392-4402
  quote_or_summary: Other Siamese bloodless executions include starvation, suffocation,
    thrusting wood into the stomach on a cloth, or sewing in a sack and throwing into
    a river; Kublai Khan has Nayan wrapped in a carpet and tossed to death so imperial
    blood is not spilled on the ground or exposed to heaven and sun.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 4402-4416
  quote_or_summary: Examples from Tartar, Burmese, Tonquin, Ashantee, Madagascar,
    and Uganda contexts describe princes, royal kin, nobles, or brothers of a king
    being killed without ordinary bloodshed, including smothering, strangling, drowning,
    and burning.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 4416-4429
  quote_or_summary: Frazer generalizes royal blood avoidance to a broader reluctance
    to shed human blood or let it fall on the ground, citing Cambaluc punishments,
    Captain Christian’s execution on white blankets, and Australian initiation examples.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 4429-4439
  quote_or_summary: Further examples describe Australian blood used in rain-making
    being received on bodies, childbirth blood in South Celebes being caught in a
    basin, and some animal slaughter practices avoiding bloodshed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 4439-4453
  quote_or_summary: Frazer explains the reluctance by reference to belief that the
    soul is in the blood and that places or things touched by a high chief’s blood
    become taboo or sacred; New Zealand canoe and house examples are given.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 4453-4462
  quote_or_summary: The passage concludes that general prohibitions on spilling tribesmen’s
    blood apply with particular stringency to chiefs and kings and can persist for
    them after ceasing for others.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is explicitly comparative and supplies many examples. Motif labels
    are descriptive because the available taxonomy has no direct blood-taboo category.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the provided passage and metadata. No historical-contact or common-inheritance claims are made.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg__l4380-l4462
  passage_sha256=b498c4ae62847a7675aa9570f64b84d5bdda4c2e125c6da696fc658cefd34338