Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l11730-l11849

batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l11730-l11849

---
record_id: batch.motif.comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg-l11730-l11849
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER II. THE PERILS OF THE SOUL. / HEINE. / CHAPTER III. KILLING THE GOD.
    / FOOTNOTES; lines 11730-11849
  start: '11730'
  end: '11849'
  translation: 'The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)'
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: A set of footnotes citing and summarizing ancient and modern authorities
    on Adonis, Thammuz, vegetation rites, flower etiologies, the image of Adonis cast
    into the sea, the planting of gardens of Adonis, agricultural interpretations
    of Adonis as grain or crops, Egyptian solar imagery, irrigation charms, and a
    Sardinian custom involving pots and fire-leaping.
  language: English, with Greek and Latin citations
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: One cited source says the anemone springs from tears and the rose from the
    blood of Adonis.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: In an Alexandrian ceremony, the passage says it appears to have been only
    the image of Adonis that was thrown into the sea.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The passage states that Myrrha or Smyrna is borrowed from Phoenician and that
    both the mother’s name and the son’s name were taken directly from the Semites.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: After the autumnal equinox, Egyptians are said to have celebrated the nativity
    of the sun’s walking-sticks because the declining sun was thought to need a staff
    to support his steps.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Ancient interpretations cited in the passage identify Adonis with sown grain,
    describe him as spending six months in the earth and six months with Aphrodite,
    and relate his killing and resurrection to seeds dying in the earth and crops
    growing again.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:6
  text: The passage cites authorities for the planting of the gardens of Adonis, with
    some references specifying women and another allowing both male and female planters.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:7
  text: For hot southern countries where vegetation depends on irrigation, the passage
    says the purpose of the charm is to secure a plentiful flow of water in streams.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:8
  text: The month Thammuz is said to fall at different times in local Syrian calendars,
    ranging from midsummer to autumn, or from June to September.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:9
  text: A cited account of Sardinian custom says pots are kept in a dark warm place
    and children leap across the fire.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Adonis
  description: A figure associated in the passage with blood, an image thrown into
    the sea, death and resurrection interpretations, sown grain, mature crops, and
    Aphrodite or Venus.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Aphrodite / Venus
  description: A goddess associated with Adonis; one cited interpretation says Aphrodite
    has Adonis for six months, and another calls Adonis the beloved of Venus.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Myrrha / Smyrna
  description: Named as the mother of Adonis, with the name described as borrowed
    from Phoenician.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: The sun
  description: A celestial figure described as declining in the sky after the autumnal
    equinox and needing a staff to support his steps.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Children in Sardinian custom
  description: Children mentioned in a cited Sardinian custom as leaping across the
    fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: dying-and-returning agricultural figure
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage cites interpretations of Adonis’s killing and resurrection as
    shown in seeds dying in the earth and crops arising again.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:2
  label: ritual image subject
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says the image of Adonis was thrown into the sea in an Alexandrian
    ceremony.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:3
  label: divine beloved or seasonal possessor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage cites Adonis as being with Aphrodite for six months and as the
    beloved of Venus.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:4
  label: mother with Semitic-derived name
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The passage states that Myrrha or Smyrna is Phoenician-derived and that the
    mother’s name was taken directly from the Semites.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: declining solar figure needing support
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The sun is described as declining daily and needing a staff to support his
    steps.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: fire-leaping participants
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: A cited note says children leap across the fire.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: anemone from tears
  literal_form: anemone flower said to spring from tears
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: rose from blood
  literal_form: rose flower said to spring from Adonis’s blood
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: image of Adonis
  literal_form: ritual image thrown into the sea
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: sea
  literal_form: sea receiving the image of Adonis
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: sun’s walking-sticks
  literal_form: staff or walking-sticks for the declining sun
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:6
  label: sown grain and seeds
  literal_form: grain sown in earth; seeds dying in the earth
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:7
  label: reborn crops
  literal_form: crops or mature fruits arising from dead seeds
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:8
  label: gardens of Adonis
  literal_form: planted gardens associated with Adonis rites
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:9
  label: irrigation water
  literal_form: plentiful flow of water in streams
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:10
  label: dark warm place
  literal_form: dark warm place where pots are kept
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:11
  label: fire crossed by children
  literal_form: fire over which children leap
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Flower origins from Adonis’s tears and blood
  summary: A cited account assigns the anemone to tears and the rose to the blood
    of Adonis.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Alexandrian casting of Adonis image into the sea
  summary: In an Alexandrian ceremony, the image of Adonis is said to have been thrown
    into the sea.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Egyptian nativity of the sun’s walking-sticks
  summary: After the autumnal equinox, Egyptians are said to celebrate the nativity
    of the sun’s walking-sticks because the weakening sun needs support.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Adonis interpreted as grain, seed death, and crop renewal
  summary: Cited interpretations connect Adonis with sown grain, a six-month alternation
    between earth and Aphrodite, and the death of seeds followed by the renewed growth
    of crops.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Planting gardens of Adonis
  summary: Authorities are cited for the planting of gardens of Adonis, sometimes
    specifically by women and sometimes by planters of either sex.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:6
  label: Irrigation charm for vegetation
  summary: In regions where vegetation depends on irrigation, the passage describes
    the charm’s purpose as securing a plentiful flow of water in streams.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: scene:7
  label: Sardinian pots and fire-leaping
  summary: A cited Sardinian custom involves pots kept in a dark warm place and children
    leaping across a fire.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:10
  - sym:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: death and rebirth of vegetation through seed and crop cycle
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  - dying_and_returning
  - resurrection
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The passage cites interpretations of Adonis’s killing and resurrection as
    corresponding to seeds dying in earth and crops growing again.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is an interpretation reported by cited ancient and later authorities,
    not a narrative episode fully retold in the passage.
- id: motif:2
  label: seasonal alternation between earth and goddess
  taxonomy_refs:
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: A cited interpretation says Adonis, identified with sown grain, spends six
    months in the earth and six months with Aphrodite.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents the alternation in the form of scholarly citation
    and gloss rather than a full mythic narrative.
- id: motif:3
  label: ritual cultivation as fertility charm
  taxonomy_refs:
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The passage cites the planting of gardens of Adonis and connects charms in
    hot countries with securing water for vegetation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The exact ritual sequence and intended meaning of the gardens are not
    fully described in this passage segment.
- id: motif:4
  label: ritual image cast into water
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage states that in an Alexandrian ceremony the image of Adonis was
    thrown into the sea.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage does not explain the function of the sea-casting rite in detail.
- id: motif:5
  label: declining sun supported by staff
  taxonomy_refs:
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The passage describes an Egyptian celebration after the autumnal equinox
    in which the weakening sun is imagined as needing walking-sticks.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The observation is reported as a calendrical custom, not a full mythic
    episode.
- id: motif:6
  label: fire-leaping in seasonal folk custom
  taxonomy_refs:
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: A cited Sardinian note says children leap across the fire in connection with
    pots kept in a dark warm place.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: low
  cautions: The passage gives only a brief footnote and does not specify the rite’s
    date, meaning, or mythic context.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage reports an ancient interpretive comparison between Adonis’s killing
    and resurrection and the agricultural process in which seeds die in the earth
    and crops grow again.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: seed death and crop renewal as an agricultural cycle
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This is a cited interpretation within Frazer’s footnote apparatus rather
    than independent narrative evidence from the passage itself.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage notes a variant flower-origin pattern across Ovid and Bion, with
    Bion assigning the anemone to tears and the rose to Adonis’s blood.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: flower etiologies connected with Adonis in Ovid and Bion
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: Only Bion’s version is summarized explicitly; Ovid is cited but not
    quoted in detail in this passage.
- id: claim:3
  claim: 'The passage compares charms for vegetation in irrigated southern regions
    with other vegetation-securing charms by stating that their ultimate object is
    the same: securing conditions for plant growth.'
  claim_level: same_function
  target: vegetation charms aimed at water supply or plant fertility
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The compared non-irrigation charms are referenced generally and not
    described in detail in this passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 910
  quote_or_summary: Bion is said to make the anemone spring from tears and the rose
    from the blood of Adonis, in comparison with Ovid.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 912
  quote_or_summary: In the Alexandrian ceremony, it appears that only the image of
    Adonis was thrown into the sea.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 913
  quote_or_summary: The word Myrrha or Smyrna is described as borrowed from Phoenician;
    the mother’s and son’s names are said to have been taken directly from the Semites.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 915
  quote_or_summary: After the autumnal equinox, Egyptians celebrated the nativity
    of the sun’s walking-sticks because the declining sun was imagined to need a staff
    for support.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 916
  quote_or_summary: Cited interpretations identify Adonis with sown grain, describe
    six months in earth and six with Aphrodite, and interpret Adonis’s death and resurrection
    through seeds dying in earth and crops being reborn.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 919
  quote_or_summary: Authorities are cited for the planting of gardens of Adonis; women
    only are mentioned by some sources, while another reference allows male or female
    planters.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 921
  quote_or_summary: In hot southern countries dependent on irrigation, the purpose
    of the charm is described as securing a plentiful flow of water in streams; the
    ultimate object is said to be the same as in other vegetation charms.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 928
  quote_or_summary: The month Thammuz is discussed as varying in local Syrian calendars
    from midsummer to autumn, or from June to September.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: footnote 932
  quote_or_summary: A note on Sardinian custom says pots are kept in a dark warm place
    and children leap across the fire.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/comparative/project-gutenberg/golden-bough-volume-1-frazer.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; concise summary used.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is primarily footnotes and citations rather than a continuous
    mythic narrative. Motif extraction is strongest where the notes explicitly summarize
    ritual actions or ancient interpretations.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No taxonomy identifiers beyond the supplied motif family and symbol labels were added. Comparison claims are limited to comparisons explicitly supported by the passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:comparative-golden-bough-volume-1-frazer-gutenberg__l11730-l11849
  passage_sha256=d503b19b2380e396ba5f6043757594cc46b84645c5c70655687ff3b5ff8a0991