Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.daoist-zhuangzi-giles-gutenberg-l5763-l5886

batch.motif.daoist-zhuangzi-giles-gutenberg-l5763-l5886

---
record_id: batch.motif.daoist-zhuangzi-giles-gutenberg-l5763-l5886
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/daoist/project-gutenberg/chuang-tzu-giles.md
passage_locator:
  label: CHAPTER XII. / THE UNIVERSE. / CHAPTER XIII. / THE TAO OF GOD.; lines 5763-5886
  start: '5763'
  end: '5886'
  translation: 'Chuang Tzu: Mystic, Moralist, and Social Reformer'
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: '"Be passive," said Shun, "like the virtue of God. The sun and moon shine;
    the four seasons revolve; day and night alternate; clouds come and rain falls."'
  summary: The passage praises ancient nonattachment, depicts heaven and earth as
    generative and nourishing without deliberate action, and presents the wise ruler
    as practicing inaction in accord with cosmic order. It sets out ranked precedence
    in nature and society, orders the stages by which Tao is considered before names,
    forms, and punishments, warns against beginning with administrative instruments,
    and narrates Shun correcting Yao by urging passivity like the virtue of God. A
    new fragment begins with Confucius going west to place his works in the Imperial
    library of Chou.
  language: English
  quote_policy: quoted
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The men of old are described as not being troubled, rejoicing, or acting despite
    extensive knowledge, intellectual powers, and abilities.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Heaven is said to have no parturitions while all things are evolved, and Earth
    no increment while all things are nourished.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The wise ruler practices inaction and is described as the peer of heaven and
    earth, charioted upon the universe with creation as his team.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage distinguishes essential and accidental, ruler and ruled, prince
    and minister, and assigns precedence to fathers, elder brothers, seniors, men,
    and husbands over corresponding paired relations.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: The passage states that spring and summer precede autumn and winter, and describes
    maturity, decay, and perpetual change as phases of existence.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: 'A sequence for considering Tao is given: God, Tao, charity and duty, public
    functions, forms and names, employment by capacity, good and bad, right and wrong,
    and rewards and punishments.'
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: The text warns that beginning directly with forms and names or rewards and
    punishments misunderstands their source and beginning.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: Yao tells Shun that he is not arrogant to the defenseless, does not neglect
    the poor, grieves for the dead, pities orphans, and sympathizes with widows.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: Shun tells Yao to be passive like the virtue of God, citing the shining sun
    and moon, revolving seasons, alternating day and night, and rain from clouds.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: Yao responds that Shun is in accord with God while he himself is in accord
    with man.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:11
  text: The passage says ancient rulers of the empire did only what heaven and earth
    do.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: The final lines begin a new episode in which Confucius is going west to place
    his works in the Imperial library of the House of Chou; the passage breaks after
    naming Tzŭ Lu.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: men of old / ancients
  description: Earlier persons who apprehended Tao, cultivated accidentals without
    giving them precedence, and are used as exemplary authorities.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: wise ruler
  description: A ruler who practices inaction, is compared with heaven and earth,
    and passes along the highway of mortality charioted upon the universe.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: ruler / prince
  description: The essential or root figure in the political order; public ordering
    is oriented around serving the ruler and nourishing the ruled.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: minister / ruled
  description: The accidental or branch-tip figure whose duty is representation and
    who employs ceremonies and laws in service of rulers.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Shun
  description: An ancient figure who asks Yao about the use of his faculties and then
    instructs him to be passive like the virtue of God.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Yao
  description: An ancient ruler addressed as Majesty; he describes his benevolent
    conduct and accepts Shun’s correction.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: God
  description: A translated divine referent whose virtue is associated with passivity
    and with cosmic processes such as sun, moon, seasons, night and day, clouds, and
    rain.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: heaven and earth
  description: Cosmic entities treated as great, as models for rulers, and as sources
    of evolution and nourishment without deliberate increase or parturition.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Confucius
  description: Named at the beginning of a new fragment as going west to place his
    works in the Imperial library of the House of Chou.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: ancient exemplar
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage repeatedly appeals to the conduct and ordering principles of
    those of old.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: sage ruler practicing inaction
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The wise ruler practices inaction and is described as the peer of heaven
    and earth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: political root or essential authority
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The ruler or prince is identified with the essential, root, and ultimate
    ratio of government.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:4
  label: subordinate representative
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The minister and the ruled follow the prince or ruler and perform representation
    or service.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: corrective adviser
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: Shun judges Yao’s answer good but not great and advises passivity like divine
    virtue.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: ruler receiving instruction
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Yao answers Shun’s question and then acknowledges Shun’s higher accord with
    God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: divine model of passivity
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Shun explicitly tells Yao to be passive like the virtue of God.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:8
  label: cosmic model for rule
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Ancient rulers are said to do what heaven and earth do, and the wise ruler
    is made their peer.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: role:9
  label: new-episode traveler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The fragment states that Confucius was going west to place his works in the
    Imperial library.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: heaven and earth as cosmic order
  literal_form: Heaven, Earth, and the paired actions of evolving and nourishing all
    things.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: sym:2
  label: universe-chariot image
  literal_form: The wise ruler charioted upon the universe with all creation for his
    team, passing along the highway of mortality.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: root and branch tip
  literal_form: The essential as the root and the accidental as the tip of the branch.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: seasonal and celestial alternation
  literal_form: Sun and moon shining, four seasons revolving, day and night alternating,
    clouds coming, and rain falling.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: forms and names
  literal_form: Form and its name, treated as later stages in the sequence of considering
    Tao.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Ancient nonattachment and cosmic inaction
  summary: The passage describes the men of old as untroubled and inactive despite
    capacities, then presents heaven, earth, and the wise ruler as operating without
    overt action.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Precedence in nature and society
  summary: The text lays out ordered precedence among rulers and ministers, family
    relations, genders, heaven and earth, and the seasons, treating rank as part of
    the universal scheme.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Stages before names and punishments
  summary: The passage gives a hierarchy for considering Tao, beginning with God and
    Tao and reaching forms, names, right and wrong, and rewards and punishments only
    later.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Shun instructs Yao
  summary: Shun asks Yao how he uses his faculties; after Yao lists acts of compassion,
    Shun says this is good but not great and urges passivity like divine virtue manifested
    in natural cycles.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Ancient rulers emulate heaven and earth
  summary: The passage concludes that ancient rulers of the empire, including the
    Yellow Emperor, Yao, and Shun, regarded heaven and earth as perfection and did
    what they do.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:6
  label: Fragmentary transition to Confucius
  summary: A new episode begins with Confucius traveling west to place his works in
    the Imperial library of Chou, but the excerpt ends before the action develops.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: wisdom through nonaction and alignment with Tao
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage presents ancient exemplars, the wise ruler, and Shun’s correction
    of Yao as teachings about passive accord with Tao, God, heaven, and earth rather
    than deliberate administrative activity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is primarily a philosophical and political teaching rather than a
    developed mythic plot.
- id: motif:2
  label: cosmic legitimation of rulership
  taxonomy_refs:
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: The wise ruler is made the peer of heaven and earth, ranked precedence is
    grounded in the universe, and ancient rulers are praised for doing what heaven
    and earth do.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage legitimates rule by cosmic analogy, not by genealogy, sacred
    birth, conquest, or formal enthronement narrative.
- id: motif:3
  label: seasonal cycle as pattern for right conduct
  taxonomy_refs:
  - seasonal_cycle
  basis: The passage invokes spring and summer preceding autumn and winter, the four
    seasons revolving, day and night alternating, and rain falling as examples of
    natural order and divine passivity.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Seasonal imagery is used illustratively; it is not a full seasonal myth.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5763-5778
  quote_or_summary: The men of old are untroubled despite knowledge and ability; heaven
    evolves all things without parturition, earth nourishes without increment, and
    the wise ruler practices inaction and is likened to heaven and earth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/daoist/project-gutenberg/chuang-tzu-giles.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5779-5814
  quote_or_summary: The passage distinguishes ruler and ruled as root and branch-tip,
    names low forms of virtue and government, and sets out precedence in family, gender,
    heaven and earth, seasons, and phases of change.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/daoist/project-gutenberg/chuang-tzu-giles.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5815-5837
  quote_or_summary: The order of Tao is said to place parents, rank, elders, and trustworthiness
    appropriately; those of old apprehended God, then Tao, then social virtues and
    offices, then forms and names, capacities, moral distinctions, and punishments.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/daoist/project-gutenberg/chuang-tzu-giles.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5838-5868
  quote_or_summary: The passage warns against leaping directly to forms and names
    or rewards and punishments; such people know only instrumental government, and
    ceremonies and laws were for the ruled to serve rulers.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/daoist/project-gutenberg/chuang-tzu-giles.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
  type: quote
  locator: lines 5869-5881
  quote_or_summary: Shun asks Yao how he employs his faculties; Yao lists compassion
    for vulnerable people. Shun replies, "Be passive ... like the virtue of God,"
    citing sun, moon, seasons, day and night, clouds, and rain; Yao acknowledges Shun’s
    accord with God.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/daoist/project-gutenberg/chuang-tzu-giles.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; brief quotation from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5882-5884
  quote_or_summary: Heaven and earth are considered great and perfect; ancient rulers
    of the empire did what heaven and earth do, no more.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/daoist/project-gutenberg/chuang-tzu-giles.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5885-5886
  quote_or_summary: 'A new fragment begins: Confucius is going west to place his works
    in the Imperial library of the House of Chou, and the line breaks after naming
    Tzŭ Lu.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/daoist/project-gutenberg/chuang-tzu-giles.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short summary from supplied passage.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Literal extraction is straightforward, but motif assignment is cautious because
    the passage is philosophical discourse with brief exemplary dialogue rather than
    a mythic narrative. No comparison claims were made because the excerpt itself
    does not explicitly compare traditions or motif families.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Extraction uses only the supplied public-domain passage and metadata. The final Confucius/Tzŭ Lu material is fragmentary within the supplied range and is treated only as a transition.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:daoist-zhuangzi-giles-gutenberg__l5763-l5886
  passage_sha256=33a469efba2f87595169abf9642e6cf3745a2f01b88f167ee0e1497f32555c4e