Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l7117-l7218

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l7117-l7218

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l7117-l7218
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: TABLE VII. / THE BODISATS. / TABLE VIII. / THE DISTANT EPOCH.; lines 7117-7218
  start: '7117'
  end: '7218'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: 'The passage describes the Buddha’s return among his Sākya relatives: Kāḷa
    Udāyin prepares the royal family to receive him, the Sākyas escort him to the
    Nigrodha Grove, some relatives initially refuse reverence, and the Buddha performs
    an aerial miracle that leads the king and all Sākyas to bow. A miraculous rain
    follows, which the Buddha links to the Wessantara Birth. The next day he begs
    from house to house in Kapilavatthu according to the practice of former Buddhas,
    and Rāhula’s mother sees his bodily marks and halo and praises him as the Lion
    among Men.'
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Kāḷa Udāyin brings food to the Master each day and reports the Master’s progress
    to the king while praising the Buddha’s character to the king’s family.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The Sākyas prepare the Nigrodha Grove as a residence and go out with flowers
    to meet the Blessed One, arranging children and youths before the elders.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The Blessed One sits on a prepared Buddha’s throne at the Nigrodha Grove,
    surrounded by twenty thousand Arahats.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Some Sākyas, considering Siddhattha younger than themselves, decide that children
    and young people should bow while they sit behind them.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The Blessed One perceives the relatives’ intention, enters an ecstasy depending
    on wisdom, rises into the air, and performs a miracle compared to the double miracle
    at the Gaṇḍamba-tree.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: 'The king recalls three occasions of obeisance: at Siddhattha’s birth before
    Kāḷa Devala, under the Jambu-tree during the ploughing festival, and at the present
    miracle.'
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: After the king bows, all Sākyas bow before the Blessed One, who descends from
    the sky and sits on the prepared seat.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: A thunder-cloud pours rain; copper-coloured water rumbles beneath the earth,
    and only those who wish to get wet are wetted.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The Teacher says such rain had also fallen formerly in an assembly of his
    relations and introduces the story of his Birth as Wessantara.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: On the next day the Master enters Kapilavatthu with twenty thousand mendicants
    and begs from house to house rather than going directly to royal houses.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: The mother of Rāhula contrasts Siddhattha’s former royal pomp with his present
    shaven head, yellow robes, and begging vessel.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: Rāhula’s mother sees the Blessed One with the Thirty-two signs, eighty lesser
    marks, and a many-coloured halo extending around him.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: The Master / the Blessed One / Siddhattha / Buddha
  description: The central figure who is fed during the journey, received by the Sākyas,
    performs miracles, teaches, begs in Kapilavatthu, and is seen with bodily marks
    and a halo.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Kāḷa Udāyin
  description: An Elder who brings food to the Master, reports his progress to the
    king, and wins over the Buddha’s family.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: The Sākyas / the Blessed One’s relatives
  description: The Buddha’s relatives who prepare the Nigrodha Grove, initially withhold
    reverence because of pride, and later bow before him.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: The king
  description: A royal relative who recounts three occasions of obeisance to the Blessed
    One and bows at the present miracle.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Kāḷa Devala
  description: A Brāhman before whom the infant Siddhattha was presented; the king
    recalls seeing Siddhattha’s feet turn and place themselves on the Brāhman’s head.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Mother of Rāhula
  description: A lady who observes the Blessed One begging from a window, reports
    this to the king, and praises him in stanzas as the Lion among Men.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Twenty thousand Arahats
  description: A large group surrounding the Blessed One when he sits on the Buddha’s
    throne.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Twenty thousand mendicants
  description: A large group attending the Master when he enters Kapilavatthu to beg.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: Miracle-performing teacher
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Blessed One rises into the air, performs a miracle, and later explains
    the rain by referring to a former birth story.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: Recipient of obeisance
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The king and then all Sākyas bow before him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:3
  label: Mendicant model
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: He decides to follow the descent and tradition of former Buddhas by begging
    from house to house.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: role:4
  label: Marked Great Being
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Rāhula’s mother sees him with the Thirty-two characteristic signs, eighty
    lesser marks, and a halo.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:5
  label: Family-winning disciple
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The Blessed One names Kāḷa Udāyin pre-eminent among disciples who gained
    over his family.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:6
  label: Proud kin group
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The Sākyas are described as proud and arrange for younger people to bow instead
    of themselves.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:7
  label: Witnesses of miracles
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: They witness the aerial miracle and the rain miracle and become astonished.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: First-ranking royal witness
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The king narrates earlier miraculous signs and performs the first bow in
    the assembly.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:9
  label: Birth-scene Brāhman
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: He is present in the king’s recollection of the infant Siddhattha being presented
    for obeisance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:10
  label: Window witness and praise speaker
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: She looks from a window, reports the begging to the king, and praises the
    Blessed One in stanzas.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:11
  label: Arahant retinue
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: They surround the Blessed One at the Nigrodha Grove.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:12
  label: Mendicant retinue
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: They attend the Master when he enters Kapilavatthu to beg.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Nigrodha Grove
  literal_form: Prepared grove residence where the Blessed One sits on the Buddha’s
    throne.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: Buddha’s throne
  literal_form: Prepared seat at the Nigrodha Grove.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
- id: sym:3
  label: Air / sky ascent
  literal_form: The Blessed One rises into the air and later descends from the sky.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
- id: sym:4
  label: Gaṇḍamba-tree
  literal_form: Tree named as the location of the comparable double miracle.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:5
  label: Jambu-tree shadow
  literal_form: Shade of the Jambu-tree that did not turn while Siddhattha sat beneath
    it during the ploughing festival.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:6
  label: Miraculous rain and copper-coloured water
  literal_form: A thunder-cloud shower with copper-coloured water rumbling beneath
    the earth and selectively wetting people.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: Begging vessel
  literal_form: A potsherd in the Blessed One’s hand while he begs from door to door.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: Yellow robes and shaven hair
  literal_form: The Blessed One’s mendicant appearance as observed by Rāhula’s mother.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:9
  label: Many-coloured halo
  literal_form: A network of rays or halo extending around the Blessed One and lighting
    the street.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:10
  label: Lion among Men
  literal_form: Praise title used in the stanzas spoken by Rāhula’s mother.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Kāḷa Udāyin prepares the royal family
  summary: Kāḷa Udāyin feeds the Master during the journey, reports his progress,
    and delights the king’s family by speaking of the Buddha’s character.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Reception at the Nigrodha Grove
  summary: The Sākyas prepare the Nigrodha Grove, meet the Blessed One with flowers,
    and conduct him to a prepared Buddha’s throne surrounded by Arahats.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Proud relatives and aerial miracle
  summary: The Sākyas initially avoid bowing because of kinship pride; the Blessed
    One perceives this, rises into the air, and performs a miracle.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Three obeisances and collective bowing
  summary: The king recalls earlier signs at birth and under the Jambu-tree, bows
    for the third time, and all Sākyas bow; the Blessed One descends and sits.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Selective rain and Wessantara reference
  summary: A thunder-cloud rains in a way that wets only those who wish it; the Teacher
    says this also occurred formerly and introduces the Wessantara Birth.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:6
  label: Begging in Kapilavatthu and Rāhula’s mother’s vision
  summary: The Master follows the practice of former Buddhas by begging from house
    to house; Rāhula’s mother sees his mendicant appearance, bodily signs, and halo,
    and praises him.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Aerial ascent as miracle of authority
  taxonomy_refs:
  - ascent
  basis: The Blessed One rises into the air before proud relatives and performs a
    miracle that leads to obeisance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage frames the event as a miracle and act of compelled reverence;
    broader doctrinal interpretation is not inferred.
- id: motif:2
  label: Miracle compels reluctant kin to bow
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The Sākyas initially withhold reverence, but after the king witnesses the
    miracle and bows, all Sākyas bow before the Blessed One.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: No external analogue is asserted beyond the internal narrative sequence.
- id: motif:3
  label: Sacred birth and childhood signs recognized later
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  basis: The king recalls an event on the day of Siddhattha’s birth and a later childhood
    sign under the Jambu-tree as earlier grounds for obeisance.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The birth event is recalled in speech rather than narrated as the main
    scene.
- id: motif:4
  label: Miraculous rain in kin assembly
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: A rain shower appears in the relatives’ assembly and selectively wets only
    those who wish it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: No available motif-family taxonomy directly matches the selective rain
    episode.
- id: motif:5
  label: Mendicant practice over royal privilege
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The Blessed One chooses to beg from house to house in his native city, following
    the tradition of former Buddhas rather than going directly to royal houses.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a behavioral and ethical pattern in the passage, not matched to
    an available motif family.
- id: motif:6
  label: Radiant marked body of a Great Being
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Rāhula’s mother sees the Thirty-two signs, eighty lesser marks, and a many-coloured
    halo around the Blessed One.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage gives bodily signs and radiance but does not itself compare
    them outside this scene.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The aerial miracle is explicitly likened to the double miracle at the foot
    of the Gaṇḍamba-tree.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Double miracle at the foot of the Gaṇḍamba-tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage gives only a brief comparison and does not narrate the
    Gaṇḍamba-tree miracle in detail.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The rain miracle is presented by the Teacher as a recurrence of an event
    from his former Birth as Wessantara.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Wessantara Birth rain episode
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The Wessantara episode itself is only introduced, not retold, in this
    passage.
- id: claim:3
  claim: The Blessed One’s house-to-house begging is aligned with the practice of
    former Buddhas in their native towns.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Former Buddhas’ begging rounds in their native towns
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The passage reports the Blessed One’s reasoning but does not provide
    individual examples of former Buddhas.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7117-7218; opening paragraph on Kāḷa Udāyin
  quote_or_summary: Kāḷa Udāyin brings food daily, reports how far the Blessed One
    has come, praises the Buddha to the king’s family, and is declared pre-eminent
    in winning over the family.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7117-7218; paragraph beginning “The Sākyas, as they sat talking”
  quote_or_summary: The Sākyas prepare the Nigrodha Grove, go out with flowers in
    ordered groups, conduct the Blessed One there, and he sits on the Buddha’s throne
    surrounded by twenty thousand Arahats.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7117-7218; paragraph beginning “The Sākyas are proud by nature”
  quote_or_summary: Because the Sākyas view Siddhattha as younger kin, they plan for
    youths to bow; the Blessed One perceives this, enters an ecstasy depending on
    wisdom, rises into the air, and performs a miracle like the double miracle at
    the Gaṇḍamba-tree.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7117-7218; king’s speech beginning “O Blessed One!”
  quote_or_summary: The king says he first bowed when the infant’s feet turned onto
    Kāḷa Devala’s head, second when the Jambu-tree shadow did not turn, and third
    now upon seeing the unprecedented miracle.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7117-7218; paragraphs after the king’s speech
  quote_or_summary: After the king bows, every Sākya bows; the Blessed One descends
    from the sky, sits on the prepared seat, and the relatives yield him pre-eminence.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7117-7218; thunder-cloud and Wessantara paragraphs
  quote_or_summary: A thunder-cloud pours rain; copper-coloured water rumbles beneath
    the earth, only those wishing to be wet are wetted, and the Teacher says such
    rain also fell formerly before introducing the Wessantara Birth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7117-7218; paragraphs on the next day’s begging
  quote_or_summary: The next day the Master enters Kapilavatthu with twenty thousand
    mendicants, finds no invitation, considers how former Buddhas begged in their
    native towns, and begins begging from the first house onward.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 7117-7218; paragraph beginning “At the rumour that the young chief
    Siddhattha” and stanza opening
  quote_or_summary: Rāhula’s mother sees the Blessed One begging with shaven hair,
    yellow robes, and a vessel; she beholds his Thirty-two signs, eighty lesser marks,
    and many-coloured halo, reports him to the king, and praises him as the Lion among
    Men.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is explicit about events, figures, and internal comparisons.
    Motif-family mapping is limited because several strong patterns in the passage
    do not correspond directly to the supplied taxonomy list.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references were assigned only where directly supportable by the passage and the provided controlled lists.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l7117-l7218
  passage_sha256=967cde7536e267e257654e44237bf84731f89a878306e8ca2c38094d2bf66250