Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l6477-l6591

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l6477-l6591

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l6477-l6591
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: TABLE VII. / THE BODISATS. / TABLE VIII. / THE DISTANT EPOCH.; lines 6477-6591
  start: '6477'
  end: '6591'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The Bodhisattva calls the Earth to witness his former generosity as Wessantara;
    the Earth answers, Māra's army flees, and celestial beings rejoice at the Bo-tree.
    During the night he gains successive knowledges, realizes causation, and at dawn
    attains complete enlightenment amid cosmic wonders. He sings a triumph hymn about
    the end of craving and rebirth, then remains seated on the throne of triumph,
    reflecting on former sacrifices and the bliss of Nirvāna.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The Great Being stretches his right hand toward the earth and asks whether
    it witnesses the great gift he gave in his birth as Wessantara.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The great Earth answers aloud that it is witness for him.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The elephant called “Girded with mountains” kneels before the Great Being,
    and Māra's army flees in disorder.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Heavenly hosts, including Nāgas, Winged Creatures, Angels, Archangels, Brahma
    Gods, and other gods, celebrate the defeat of the Tempter at the Bo-tree's foot.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The Great Being acquires knowledge of the past, knowledge of the present,
    and knowledge of the chain of causation during the watches of the night.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: When he realizes the twelvefold chain of causation, ten thousand world-systems
    quake twelve times.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: At break of day he attains complete Enlightenment, and the ten thousand world-systems
    become festive and glorious.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: The passage describes flowers, fruit, banners, lotus wreaths, light in dark
    hells, sweetened ocean waters, halted rivers, restored senses and limbs, and loosened
    bonds.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: The Hymn of Triumph speaks of wandering through many births, discovering the
    cause of individuality, breaking the house, passing into Nirvāna, and ending craving.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: After the hymn, the Blessed One reflects that he underwent many births and
    gave away his head, eyes, heart's flesh, sons, daughters, and wives in order to
    attain this throne of triumph.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: The Blessed One remains seated motionless for seven days, realizing the bliss
    of Nirvāna.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: The Great Being / Siddhattha the Prince / the Blessed One
  description: The central figure who calls the Earth to witness, overcomes Māra,
    attains complete Enlightenment and Omniscience, sings the Hymn of Triumph, and
    remains seated in bliss.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: The great Earth
  description: A speaking witness who confirms the Great Being's former gift as Wessantara.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Māra / the Evil One / the Tempter and his army
  description: The opposing force whose hosts are overwhelmed and whose army flees
    after the Earth's witness.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Elephant “Girded with mountains”
  description: A mighty elephant who realizes Wessantara's generosity and falls on
    his knees before the Great Being.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Celestial celebrants
  description: Nāgas, Winged Creatures, Angels, Archangels, Brahma Gods, and other
    gods who rejoice, offer garlands and perfumes, and praise the victor.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: Victor and enlightened one
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage states that Siddhattha prevails over the Tempter and later attains
    complete Enlightenment and Omniscience.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: Witness
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The Earth directly answers that it is witness to the Great Being's former
    gift.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: Defeated adversary
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Māra is called the Evil One or Tempter, and his army flees after the Earth's
    declaration.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: Reverent celebrant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  basis: The elephant kneels before the Great Being, and celestial beings rejoice
    and honor him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: Former-birth giver
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Blessed One recalls former births in which he gave away body parts and
    family members in order to attain the throne of triumph.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Earth as witness
  literal_form: The great Earth that speaks in response to the hand extended toward
    it
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: Bo-tree
  literal_form: The tree at whose foot the victory is celebrated and under which Enlightenment
    is attained
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: Ten thousand world-systems
  literal_form: The cosmic field that quakes, rejoices, and becomes glorious at Enlightenment
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:4
  label: Light in the dark voids and hells
  literal_form: Dark regions filled with light after Enlightenment
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: Sweetened waters and halted rivers
  literal_form: The Great Ocean becomes sweet and rivers are stayed in their course
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:6
  label: Loosened chains and bonds
  literal_form: Chains and bonds are loosed and fall away
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:7
  label: Throne of triumph
  literal_form: The seat on which the Blessed One remains after attaining his aim
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:8
  label: Broken house image
  literal_form: In the hymn, the beams are broken and the ridge-pole shattered
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Earth witness and rout of Māra
  summary: The Great Being calls the Earth to witness his former gift; the Earth confirms
    it, the elephant kneels, and Māra's army flees.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Celestial celebration at the Bo-tree
  summary: After Māra's defeat, heavenly beings gather at the Bo-tree's foot, proclaim
    the Buddha's victory, and offer praises and gifts.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Night watches and Enlightenment
  summary: During the night the Great Being gains successive knowledges, realizes
    the chain of causation, and attains complete Enlightenment at dawn.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Cosmic wonders at Enlightenment
  summary: The world-systems quake and become radiant; trees bloom, flowers appear,
    waters change, beings are healed, and bonds are loosed.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Hymn of Triumph
  summary: The newly awakened figure sings of long wandering through births, discovery
    of the cause, destruction of the house, Nirvāna, and the end of craving.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:6
  label: Seven-day seated bliss
  summary: The Blessed One reflects on former-birth sacrifices made to attain the
    throne of triumph and remains seated motionless for seven days in the bliss of
    Nirvāna.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Earth witness vindicates the hero against an adversary
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The Great Being touches or gestures toward the earth, asks it to witness
    his former gift, and the Earth's answer contributes to the rout of Māra's host.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: No taxonomy reference in the supplied list exactly names the earth-witness
    motif.
- id: motif:2
  label: Enlightenment as supreme wisdom
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage centers on the acquisition of special knowledges, realization
    of causation, Omniscience, and complete Enlightenment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy label is broad; the passage concerns Buddhist awakening specifically.
- id: motif:3
  label: Sacred tree as site of victory and awakening
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_tree_axis
  basis: The Bo-tree's foot is the place where celestial beings celebrate the Buddha's
    victory and where the Great Being attains knowledge and Enlightenment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage identifies the tree as the sacred site of awakening, but does
    not explicitly describe it as an axis or world-center.
- id: motif:4
  label: Release from repeated birth and death
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  basis: The hymn describes wandering through many births and pain leading to birth
    again, then declares Nirvāna and the end of craving.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The motif is not a simple death-and-rebirth episode; it is the cessation
    of rebirth.
- id: motif:5
  label: Self-giving sacrifice across former births
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: The Blessed One recalls giving away his head, eyes, heart's flesh, sons,
    daughters, and wives in former births to attain the throne of triumph.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage summarizes prior acts rather than narrating each sacrifice
    in full.
- id: motif:6
  label: Cosmic rejoicing and transformation at enlightenment
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: At Enlightenment the world-systems quake, become glorious, fill with banners,
    flowers, light, sweet waters, healings, and loosened bonds.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference exactly names this cosmic-response pattern.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage explicitly presents the Hymn of Triumph as a recurrent utterance
    associated with all Buddhas.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Hymn of Triumph sung by all Buddhas
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This is an internal comparison stated by the passage; it does not establish
    historical contact with another tradition.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage links the present Enlightenment scene to earlier Bodhisattva
    birth narratives by naming Wessantara and recalling former-birth gifts and sacrifices.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Former-birth generosity and sacrifice in the Bodhisattva career
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The referenced earlier births are summarized here; the full comparative
    details of those narratives are not included in the passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6477-6482
  quote_or_summary: The Great Being extends his right hand toward the earth and asks
    whether it witnesses his seven-hundredfold gift as Wessantara; the Earth answers
    that it is witness.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6483-6488
  quote_or_summary: The elephant “Girded with mountains” kneels before the Great Being,
    and Māra's army flees, casting off clothing and turbans.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6489-6515
  quote_or_summary: Heavenly hosts announce that the Tempter is overcome and that
    Siddhattha has prevailed; Nāgas, Winged Ones, Angels, Brahma Gods, and other gods
    rejoice and honor him at the Bo-tree.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6516-6523
  quote_or_summary: Before sunset the Great Being routs the Evil One's army; while
    the Bo-tree seems to pay homage, he gains knowledge of past, present, and the
    causal chain in the three watches of the night.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6524-6547
  quote_or_summary: On realizing the twelvefold chain of causation and attaining complete
    Enlightenment at dawn, ten thousand world-systems quake and become glorious, with
    banners, flowers, light, sweet waters, halted rivers, restored faculties, and
    loosened bonds.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6549-6568
  quote_or_summary: After attaining Omniscience, he sings the Hymn of Triumph, described
    as sung by all Buddhas, about many births, the cause of individuality, broken
    house-beams, Nirvāna, and the end of craving.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 6570-6591
  quote_or_summary: Still seated after the hymn, the Blessed One reflects that he
    endured successive births and gave away body parts and family members to attain
    the throne of triumph; he remains motionless seven days in the bliss of Nirvāna.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary provided.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The passage is explicit about figures, actions, and several motifs. Taxonomy
    alignment is partly broad, especially for sacred-tree and rebirth-release patterns.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Used only the provided passage and metadata. Public-domain passage was summarized rather than extensively quoted.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l6477-l6591
  passage_sha256=c16e9fac9b0f362b8e95a6e9d6f0aa1ab061b9920f8abeeab29d967ce828f299