Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l5434-l5543

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l5434-l5543

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l5434-l5543
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: TABLE VII. / THE BODISATS. / TABLE VIII. / THE DISTANT EPOCH.; lines 5434-5543
  start: '5434'
  end: '5543'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: At the Bodisat's birth in Lumbini, several persons, the royal horse, the
    Bo-tree, and treasure vases come into being. Angels announce in Tāvatiŋsa heaven
    that Suddhodana's son will become a Buddha under the Bo-tree. The ascetic Kāḷa
    Devala descends, recognizes the child as a future Buddha, pays homage after the
    infant places his feet on the ascetic's matted hair, and weeps because he will
    not live to hear the Buddha's teaching. He directs his nephew Nālaka to renounce
    the world; Nālaka becomes an ascetic, later hears the way of salvation from the
    enlightened Tathāgata, attains Arahatship, and dies. On the fifth day, the Bodisat's
    naming rite is performed, and 108 Brahmans are asked to read the child's signs.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: At the time the Bodisat is born in the Lumbini grove, named persons, the royal
    horse, the great Bo-tree, and four treasure vases also come into being and are
    called the Connatal Ones.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Choirs of angels in Tāvatiŋsa heaven rejoice and say that a son born to King
    Suddhodana in Kapilavastu will become a Buddha while seated under the Bo-tree.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The ascetic Kāḷa Devala, described as Suddhodana's confidential adviser and
    as having passed through eight stages of religious attainment, is in Tāvatiŋsa
    heaven and asks the angels why they rejoice.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: The angels tell Kāḷa Devala that Suddhodana's son will become a Buddha and
    found a Kingdom of Righteousness.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Kāḷa Devala descends from the angel-world to the king's house and asks to
    see the newborn son.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: When brought to salute the ascetic, the future Buddha turns his feet around
    and plants them on the ascetic's matted hair.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The ascetic does homage to the Bodisat, and the king also does homage to his
    son after seeing the wonder.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: Kāḷa Devala examines marks on the Bodisat's body, concludes that he will certainly
    become a Buddha, smiles, then weeps because he will not live to see him as Buddha.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: Kāḷa Devala tells the people that no misfortune will befall the child and
    that he will assuredly become a Buddha.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: Kāḷa Devala tells his nephew Nālaka that the child will become a Buddha in
    thirty-five years and instructs him to give up the world that day.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: Nālaka, though born into great wealth, takes yellow clothing and an earthenware
    pot, shaves his head, puts on robes, makes a vow for the sake of the greatest
    Being upon earth, and goes to the Himālaya mountains to live as a monk.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: After the Tathāgata attains complete Enlightenment, Nālaka hears the way of
    salvation from him, returns to the Himālayas, reaches Arahatship, and dies near
    a Golden Hill after seven more months.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:13
  text: On the fifth day, the Bodisat's head is bathed for the naming rite, the king's
    house is perfumed and decorated, milk-rice is prepared, and 108 Brahmans are honored
    and asked to recognize the child's signs.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Bodisat / future Buddha / Tathāgata
  description: Newborn son of Suddhodana, born in Lumbini, recognized as one who will
    become a Buddha seated under the Bo-tree; later referred to as the Tathāgata after
    attaining complete Enlightenment.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Suddhodana
  description: King of Kapilavastu and father of the newborn son; he orders the child
    brought to the ascetic and later does homage to his son.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Mother of Rāhula
  description: A lady named as coming into being at the same time as the Bodisat.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Channa
  description: The attendant named as coming into being at the same time as the Bodisat.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Kāḷudāyi
  description: The minister named as coming into being at the same time as the Bodisat.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Kanthaka
  description: The royal horse named as coming into being at the same time as the
    Bodisat.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Choirs of angels in Tāvatiŋsa heaven
  description: Heavenly beings who rejoice and announce the birth and future Buddhahood
    of Suddhodana's son.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Kāḷa Devala
  description: Ascetic, confidential adviser of King Suddhodana, and religious adept
    who recognizes the Bodisat's future Buddhahood and advises Nālaka to renounce.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: People of both towns / observers
  description: Collective group who take the Bodisat to Kapilavastu and later ask
    whether misfortune will befall the child after seeing Kāḷa Devala weep.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Nālaka
  description: Kāḷa Devala's nephew, born into great wealth, who renounces the world,
    later hears the way of salvation from the enlightened Tathāgata, reaches Arahatship,
    and dies near a Golden Hill.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: One hundred and eight Brahmans
  description: Brahmans who have mastered the three Vedas and are invited to the king's
    house during the naming rite to recognize the child's signs.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: Bodisat and future Buddha
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage repeatedly says the child will become a Buddha and later calls
    him the Tathāgata after complete Enlightenment.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: role:2
  label: Miraculous or wonder-working child
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: As an infant, he places his feet on the ascetic's matted hair, prompting
    the ascetic and the king to do homage.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: Royal father
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Suddhodana is named as king and as the one to whom the son is born.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:4
  label: Connatal companion or attendant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  basis: These figures are named among those who come into being at the same time
    as the Bodisat and are called Connatal Ones.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:5
  label: Heavenly heralds
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The angels rejoice and announce the child's future Buddhahood and teaching.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: Ascetic seer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Kāḷa Devala examines the marks on the child's body and foresees his certain
    Buddhahood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: Renunciation adviser
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Kāḷa Devala instructs Nālaka to give up the world because the child will
    become a Buddha.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: Public witnesses
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The people transport the Bodisat and ask about the meaning of the ascetic's
    weeping.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
- id: role:9
  label: Renunciant disciple-to-be
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Nālaka renounces in anticipation of seeing the future Buddha and later receives
    teaching from the enlightened Tathāgata.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:10
  label: Brahman sign-readers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  basis: The Brahmans are summoned and asked to recognize the signs of what the child
    should be.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Bo-tree
  literal_form: The great Bo-tree, born at the same time as the Bodisat, under which
    the child is foretold to become a Buddha.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: sym:2
  label: Treasure vases
  literal_form: Four vases full of treasure, described as two, four, six, and eight
    miles in size, born at the same time as the Bodisat.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:3
  label: Tāvatiŋsa heaven
  literal_form: The angel-world where choirs of angels rejoice and where Kāḷa Devala
    rests before descending to the king's house.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: Feet on matted hair
  literal_form: The infant future Buddha's feet placed on Kāḷa Devala's matted hair.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: Renunciant equipment and appearance
  literal_form: Yellow clothing, an earthenware pot, shaved head, robes, and a begging
    bowl carried in a bag.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: Himālaya mountains
  literal_form: The mountains to which Nālaka goes to live as a monk and to which
    he later returns after hearing the way of salvation.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: sym:7
  label: Milk-rice at naming rite
  literal_form: Rice well cooked in milk prepared for the ritual gathering at the
    king's house.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs:
  - milk
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:8
  label: Number 108
  literal_form: One hundred and eight Brahmans invited for the naming rite and sign-reading.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:9
  label: Golden Hill
  literal_form: A Golden Hill near which Nālaka dies after reaching Arahatship.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Birth and connatal emergence
  summary: The Bodisat is born in Lumbini, and several persons, the royal horse, the
    Bo-tree, and four treasure vases come into being at the same time.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Heavenly announcement
  summary: Angels in Tāvatiŋsa heaven rejoice over the birth and announce that Suddhodana's
    son will become a Buddha under the Bo-tree and found a Kingdom of Righteousness.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: Ascetic homage to the child
  summary: Kāḷa Devala descends to the king's house to see the child; the infant places
    his feet on the ascetic's matted hair, and the ascetic and king do homage.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Prophecy and lament
  summary: Kāḷa Devala reads the marks on the Bodisat's body, confirms that he will
    become a Buddha, smiles at the wonder, and weeps because he will not live to see
    him as Buddha.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: scene:5
  label: Nālaka's renunciation and later attainment
  summary: Kāḷa Devala tells Nālaka to renounce; Nālaka takes robes and ascetic equipment,
    goes to the Himālayas, later hears the way of salvation from the enlightened Tathāgata,
    attains Arahatship, and dies near a Golden Hill.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:6
  label: Naming rite and sign-reading
  summary: On the fifth day the Bodisat's head is bathed, the king's house is perfumed
    and decorated, milk-rice is prepared, and 108 Brahmans are invited to read the
    child's signs.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Auspicious sacred birth with heavenly proclamation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  basis: The child's birth is accompanied by connatal beings and treasure vases, and
    angels rejoice and proclaim his future Buddhahood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is focused on Buddhist hagiographic birth signs rather than
    a generic birth tale alone.
- id: motif:2
  label: Miraculous destined child recognized by a seer
  taxonomy_refs:
  - miraculous_child
  basis: The infant performs a wonder involving the ascetic's matted hair, receives
    homage, and is identified through bodily marks as certainly destined for Buddhahood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The miracle is brief and embedded in a recognition scene.
- id: motif:3
  label: Enlightenment tree linked to destiny
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_tree_axis
  basis: The great Bo-tree comes into being with the Bodisat, and the child's future
    Buddhahood is repeatedly associated with being seated under that tree.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage marks the tree as sacred and destiny-linked, but it does not
    explicitly describe an axis mundi or world-center function.
- id: motif:4
  label: Renunciant departure prompted by prophecy
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  - initiation
  basis: Nālaka gives up wealth, takes ascetic clothing and equipment, vows himself
    for the sake of the future Buddha, and goes to the Himālayas to live as a monk.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This motif concerns Nālaka rather than the main Bodisat birth narrative.
- id: motif:5
  label: Salvific teaching and perfected wisdom
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: After the Tathāgata's enlightenment, Nālaka hears the way of salvation, returns
    to the Himālayas, and reaches Arahatship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage summarizes the attainment without giving the content of the
    teaching.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage can be compared at the motif-family level to sacred birth narratives,
    because the birth is accompanied by simultaneous auspicious manifestations and
    heavenly proclamation of future greatness.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: sacred_birth motif family
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: This is a taxonomy-level comparison only; the passage does not itself
    compare the story to non-Buddhist birth narratives.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The infant recognition episode fits a miraculous-child pattern in which a
    seer recognizes an extraordinary child through signs and wonders.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: miraculous_child motif family
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage gives only a short infancy wonder and sign-reading scene,
    not a full cycle of childhood marvels.
- id: claim:3
  claim: Nālaka's response to the prophecy functions like a renunciant departure or
    initiation pattern, moving from wealth to robes, vows, mountain dwelling, and
    later salvific instruction.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: departure and initiation motif families
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The departure belongs to a secondary figure, not to the Bodisat in
    this passage.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5434-5440
  quote_or_summary: At the Bodisat's birth in Lumbini, the mother of Rāhula, Channa,
    Kāḷudāyi, Kanthaka, the Bo-tree, and four treasure vases also come into being
    and are called the Connatal Ones.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary allowed.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5442-5447
  quote_or_summary: People take the Bodisat to Kapilavastu; angels in Tāvatiŋsa heaven
    rejoice and say that Suddhodana's son will become a Buddha seated under the Bo-tree.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary allowed.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5449-5462
  quote_or_summary: Kāḷa Devala rests in Tāvatiŋsa heaven, asks the angels why they
    rejoice, and hears that Suddhodana's son will become a Buddha and found a Kingdom
    of Righteousness.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary allowed.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5464-5477
  quote_or_summary: Kāḷa Devala descends to the king's house; the child is brought
    to salute him, but the future Buddha places his feet on the ascetic's matted hair,
    after which the ascetic and king do homage.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary allowed.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5479-5501
  quote_or_summary: The ascetic foresees across ages, reads the marks on the Bodisat's
    body, confirms he will become a Buddha, smiles, then weeps because he will die
    before seeing him as Buddha.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary allowed.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5503-5523
  quote_or_summary: Kāḷa Devala tells his nephew Nālaka that the child will become
    a Buddha in thirty-five years and urges him to renounce; Nālaka takes yellow clothes,
    a pot, shaves his head, takes robes, vows, and goes to the Himālayas as a monk.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary allowed.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5525-5531
  quote_or_summary: After the Tathāgata attains complete Enlightenment, Nālaka hears
    the way of salvation, returns to the Himālayas, reaches Arahatship, and dies near
    a Golden Hill after seven more months.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary allowed.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5533-5543
  quote_or_summary: On the fifth day, the Bodisat's head is bathed for naming; the
    house is perfumed and decorated, milk-rice is prepared, and 108 Brahmans mastered
    in the three Vedas are asked to recognize the child's signs.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary allowed.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal extraction is strong for named figures, actions, and ritual details.
    Motif labels are limited to the supplied taxonomy and should be reviewed, especially
    the sacred_tree_axis and comparison-claim assignments.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Some entities, such as the Bo-tree and treasure vases, are treated as symbols rather than figures.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l5434-l5543
  passage_sha256=4d33536d144cfa1ffeb750626018ac87e6a07627d58b4a141fb3b20a0aa38032