Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l5332-l5432

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l5332-l5432

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l5332-l5432
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: TABLE VII. / THE BODISATS. / TABLE VIII. / THE DISTANT EPOCH.; lines 5332-5432
  start: '5332'
  end: '5432'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage describes the conception, pregnancy, birth, first actions,
    and exemplary past births of the future Buddha. Queen Mahā Māyā bears the Bodisat
    for exactly ten months, travels toward Devadaha, enters the Lumbini sāla grove,
    holds a bending sāla branch, and gives birth standing. Divine beings receive the
    child, heavenly water falls, the newborn stands, takes seven strides, receives
    royal honours, and proclaims his supremacy. The passage then compares this birth
    with two other births of the future Buddha, Mahosadha and Vessantara, in which
    he also spoke immediately after leaving the womb.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: From the moment of the future Buddha's incarnation, four sword-bearing angels
    guard the Bodisat and his mother from harm.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The mother sees the child within her clearly, is described as pure and happy,
    and dies seven days after his birth to be reborn in the City of Delight.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The mother of a Bodisat gives birth standing after exactly ten months of pregnancy;
    the passage presents this as distinctive.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Queen Mahā Māyā asks King Suddhodana to let her go to Devadaha, and the king
    prepares a decorated road and sends her in a golden palanquin with attendants.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The Lumbini grove between the two towns is filled with fruits, flowers, bees,
    birds, and sāla-trees.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: At the monarch sāla-tree, a branch bends within reach; Mahā Māyā grasps it,
    her pains begin, and she gives birth standing behind a curtain.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: Four pure-minded Mahā Brahma angels bring a golden net, receive the future
    Buddha on it, and announce to his mother that a mighty son has been born.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: The future Buddha leaves the womb erect, unsoiled, pure, fair, and shining;
    two showers of water descend from heaven to refresh him and his mother.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The infant is passed from angels to four kings, then to men, after which he
    stands on the ground and looks east; many world-systems become visible to him.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:10
  text: Men and angels offer garlands and state that no one is like him; he searches
    the ten directions, takes seven strides, and proclaims victory beginning with
    a claim to be chief of the world.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: During the seven strides, Brahma holds a white umbrella over him, Suyāma follows
    with a fan, and other deities hold other symbols of royalty.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: In the Mahosadha birth, Sakka places sandal-wood medicine in the newborn's
    hand; the child speaks to his mother, and the medicine later heals the sick.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:13
  text: In the Vessantara birth, the newborn asks whether there is anything in the
    house so that he may give a gift, and his mother places a bag containing a thousand
    in his hand.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:14
  text: The passage states that the future Buddha spoke immediately after leaving
    the womb in three births and that thirty-two Good Omens appeared at both conception
    and birth.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Future Buddha / Bodisat
  description: The child conceived and born to Queen Mahā Māyā, guarded before birth,
    received by divine beings, purified by heavenly showers, taking seven strides,
    and proclaiming victory.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Queen Mahā Māyā
  description: Mother of the Bodisat, wife of King Suddhodana, who travels toward
    Devadaha and gives birth standing while holding a sāla branch in Lumbini grove.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: King Suddhodana
  description: The king who consents to Mahā Māyā's journey, has the road decorated,
    and sends her in a golden palanquin with a retinue.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Four sword-bearing angels
  description: Angels who stand guard over the Bodisat and his mother from the moment
    of incarnation.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Four Mahā Brahma angels
  description: Pure-minded angels who bring a golden net, receive the future Buddha
    on it, and present him to his mother.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Four kings
  description: Beings who receive the future Buddha from the angels on cloth of antelope
    skins used for royal state occasions.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Men and angels offering garlands
  description: Human and divine witnesses who offer sweet-smelling garlands and declare
    that no one is like the newborn great Being.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Archangel Brahma and archangel Suyāma
  description: Brahma holds the white umbrella over the newborn during his strides,
    while Suyāma follows him with a fan.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Archangel Sakka
  description: In the Mahosadha birth, Sakka comes to the future Buddha at birth and
    places fine sandal-wood medicine in his hand.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Mahosadha / Medicine-child
  description: A named birth of the future Buddha in which he emerges holding medicine
    and speaks to his mother.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:11
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Vessantara
  description: A named birth of the future Buddha in which he speaks immediately after
    leaving the womb and asks to give a gift.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: future Buddha / Bodisat
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage repeatedly identifies the unborn and newborn child as the future
    Buddha or Bodisat.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: mother of a Buddha elect
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The passage describes distinctive qualities of a Bodisat's mother and applies
    them to Queen Mahā Māyā.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: royal sender and arranger
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: Suddhodana consents to the queen's journey and arranges the decorated road,
    palanquin, attendants, and retinue.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: protective guardians
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The four angels with swords guard the Bodisat and his mother from harm.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:5
  label: divine receivers of the newborn
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  basis: The Mahā Brahma angels receive the newborn on a golden net; four kings then
    receive him on antelope-skin cloth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: role:6
  label: miraculous newborn
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The newborn is born unsoiled and shining, receives heavenly water, stands,
    takes seven strides, and speaks.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:7
  label: witnesses and honour-givers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Men and angels offer garlands and praise the newborn as without equal.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: role:8
  label: royal-symbol attendants
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: Brahma carries the white umbrella and Suyāma carries the fan while other
    deities hold royal symbols.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:9
  label: divine giver of birth-token
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Sakka places sandal-wood medicine in the hand of the future Buddha as he
    is born as Mahosadha.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:10
  label: speaking past-birth infant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  basis: The passage names Mahosadha and Vessantara as births in which the future
    Buddha speaks immediately after leaving the womb.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: sāla-tree branch
  literal_form: The branch of the monarch sāla-tree bends down within Mahā Māyā's
    reach, and she holds it while giving birth.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:2
  label: golden net
  literal_form: A golden net brought by four Mahā Brahma angels to receive the newborn
    future Buddha.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:3
  label: heavenly showers of water
  literal_form: Two showers of water come down from heaven and refresh the Bodisat
    and his mother.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:4
  label: white umbrella, fan, and royal symbols
  literal_form: The white umbrella held by Brahma, the fan carried by Suyāma, and
    other symbols of royalty carried by deities.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:5
  label: seven strides
  literal_form: The newborn takes seven strides after searching the ten directions
    and finding no one like himself.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:6
  label: sandal-wood medicine
  literal_form: Fine sandal-wood placed in the newborn Mahosadha's hand by Sakka;
    later kept as a healing drug.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:7
  label: bag containing a thousand
  literal_form: A bag containing a thousand placed in the newborn Vessantara's hand
    after he asks to give a gift.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:11
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:8
  label: thirty-two Good Omens
  literal_form: Thirty-two Good Omens seen at the moments of conception and birth.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Incarnation and guarded pregnancy
  summary: At the incarnation of the future Buddha, four armed angels guard the Bodisat
    and his mother; the mother is pure, sees the child within her, and is later said
    to die seven days after birth and be reborn in the City of Delight.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Journey to Devadaha and Lumbini grove birth
  summary: Mahā Māyā requests to go to Devadaha; Suddhodana prepares her journey.
    She enters the flowering Lumbini grove, grasps a bending sāla branch, and gives
    birth standing.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Divine reception and purification of the newborn
  summary: Mahā Brahma angels receive the child on a golden net and announce his birth.
    The newborn emerges unsoiled and shining, and heavenly water showers refresh him
    and his mother.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Recognition, seven strides, and victory proclamation
  summary: The child is passed to four kings and then to men, stands on the ground,
    sees vast world-systems, receives garlands, takes seven strides, and proclaims
    himself chief while deities bear royal symbols.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:5
  label: Three births with immediate newborn speech
  summary: 'The passage identifies three births in which the future Buddha speaks
    immediately after leaving the womb: Mahosadha, who receives medicine from Sakka;
    Vessantara, who asks to give a gift; and the present birth, in which he sings
    a song of victory.'
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:11
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Miraculous sacred birth of the future Buddha
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  - miraculous_child
  basis: The passage describes guarded conception, distinctive pregnancy, standing
    delivery, divine reception, unsoiled birth, heavenly water, immediate standing,
    seven strides, and speech.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: This extraction is limited to the passage's own birth narrative and does
    not infer broader doctrinal meanings beyond it.
- id: motif:2
  label: Birth in a flowering grove while grasping a tree
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  basis: Mahā Māyā gives birth in Lumbini grove while holding a sāla branch that bends
    down within her reach.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The available taxonomy includes tree as a symbol, but the passage does
    not explicitly identify the tree as an axis or world center.
- id: motif:3
  label: Divine guardianship and reception of an extraordinary child
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  basis: Sword-bearing angels guard mother and child; Mahā Brahma angels receive the
    newborn in a golden net; four kings and men then receive him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage presents multiple classes of divine and human receivers, but
    their exact cosmological status beyond the named labels is not expanded in this
    excerpt.
- id: motif:4
  label: Royal and cosmic recognition of the newborn
  taxonomy_refs:
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: The newborn is honoured with garlands, a white umbrella, a fan, other royal
    symbols, and a proclamation of supremacy after surveying the ten directions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage supports royal symbolism and supremacy, but the phrase 'royal
    legitimacy' is a taxonomy-level classification rather than the passage's own term.
- id: motif:5
  label: Speaking newborn across repeated births
  taxonomy_refs:
  - miraculous_child
  basis: The passage states that the future Buddha spoke immediately after leaving
    the womb in the Mahosadha, Vessantara, and present births.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The motif is explicitly intra-passage and intra-tradition; no external
    comparison is asserted.
- id: motif:6
  label: Miraculous healing object at birth
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: In the Mahosadha birth, Sakka places medicine in the newborn's hand, and
    that medicine later heals the sick who come to it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This motif applies to the Mahosadha exemplum within the passage rather
    than to the main Lumbini birth scene.
- id: motif:7
  label: Gift-giving impulse at birth
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: In the Vessantara birth, the newborn asks whether there is anything in the
    house so that he may give a gift, and his mother places wealth in his hand.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage only gives a brief exemplum, so the broader function of giving
    is not elaborated here.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: 'The passage itself groups the Mahosadha birth, the Vessantara birth, and
    the present birth as instances of the same pattern: the future Buddha speaks immediately
    after leaving the womb.'
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Three births of the future Buddha with immediate newborn speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This is an internal comparison explicitly made by the passage; it does
    not establish comparison with texts outside the supplied excerpt.
- id: claim:2
  claim: 'Within the three named speaking-birth episodes, newborn speech marks different
    functions: healing in Mahosadha, generosity in Vessantara, and victory or supremacy
    in the present birth.'
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Speaking newborn motif differentiated by healing, giving, and victory functions
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The functional labels are derived from the immediate actions described
    in the passage and should be reviewed against the wider Jataka context.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5332-5340
  quote_or_summary: At incarnation, four angels with swords guard the Bodisat and
    mother; the mother is pure, sees the child clearly, and dies seven days after
    birth to be reborn in the City of Delight.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5342-5347
  quote_or_summary: Other women vary in term and posture, but the mother of a Bodisat
    gives birth standing after exactly ten months; this is a distinctive quality of
    the mother of a Buddha elect.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5349-5360
  quote_or_summary: Mahā Māyā asks to go to Devadaha; Suddhodana agrees, decorates
    the road with arches, water-pots, flags, and banners, and sends her in a golden
    palanquin carried by many attendants.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5362-5378
  quote_or_summary: In Lumbini grove, full of fruits, flowers, bees, birds, and sāla-trees,
    Mahā Māyā wants to sport; a sāla branch bends down, she takes hold of it, her
    pains begin, and she gives birth standing.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5380-5383
  quote_or_summary: Four pure-minded Mahā Brahma angels bring a golden net, receive
    the future Buddha on it, and say to his mother that a mighty son is born.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5385-5393
  quote_or_summary: The Bodisat leaves the womb erect, with hands and feet stretched
    out, unsoiled, pure, fair, and shining; two showers of water come from heaven
    to refresh him and his mother.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5395-5402
  quote_or_summary: The newborn is received from angels by four kings on antelope-skin
    cloth, then by men on fine cloth; he stands on the ground, looks east, sees thousands
    of world-systems, and is honoured with garlands.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5402-5410
  quote_or_summary: After searching the ten directions and finding no equal, the newborn
    takes seven strides. Brahma holds the white umbrella, Suyāma follows with the
    fan, other deities hold royal symbols, and he shouts a victory cry beginning that
    he is chief of the world.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5412-5422
  quote_or_summary: In the Mahosadha birth, Sakka gives the newborn fine sandal-wood
    medicine; the child says it is medicine, and the substance is kept in a water-pot
    and heals the sick.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5424-5428
  quote_or_summary: In the Vessantara birth, the newborn stretches out his right hand
    asking whether there is anything in the house so he may give a gift; his mother
    places a bag containing a thousand in his hand.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 5412-5432
  quote_or_summary: 'The future Buddha is said to have uttered his voice immediately
    after leaving the womb in three births: Mahosadha, Vessantara, and the present
    birth; thirty-two Good Omens appear at conception and birth.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain; full text allowed.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: Literal extraction is strongly supported by the passage. Motif taxonomy mapping
    is strongest for sacred birth and miraculous child; royal legitimacy, sacred exchange,
    and other labels require human review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No external traditions or texts were used. Comparison claims are limited to internal comparisons explicitly supported by the passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l5332-l5432
  passage_sha256=3cd667712952d8151010e9e742b4cfbf82ba6dba4624b178ce1b77368308232f