Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l4609-l4690

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l4609-l4690

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l4609-l4690
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: TABLE VII. / THE BODISATS. / TABLE VIII. / THE DISTANT EPOCH.; lines 4609-4690
  start: '4609'
  end: '4690'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage recounts successive past Buddhas and former births of the Bodisat.
    In each main episode the Bodisat, in a different form or social status, performs
    devotion or gives offerings to a Buddha and the monastic Order, and receives a
    prophecy of future Buddhahood. The passage also lists assemblies, cities, relatives,
    disciples, Bo-trees, bodily heights, and lifespans for the Buddhas Paduma, Nārada,
    Padumuttara, and Sumedha.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Paduma is described as a Teacher with three assemblies of saints, and as living
    in a great grove in an uninhabited forest.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The Bodisat is born as a lion, sees Paduma in ecstatic trance, makes obeisance,
    walks around him reverently, roars three times, and attends him for seven days
    without seeking prey.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: After Paduma arouses himself from trance, monks draw near, the lion puts faith
    in the Order, and Paduma prophesies that the lion will hereafter be a Buddha.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: Under Nārada, the Bodisat has taken vows as a sage, acquired five kinds of
    Wisdom and eight sublime Acquisitions, gives a donation to the Order headed by
    the Buddha, and offers red sandal wood.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: Nārada prophesies to the Bodisat that he will hereafter be a Buddha.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:6
  text: Under Padumuttara, the Bodisat is born as the Mahratta named Jaṭila and gives
    robes to the Order headed by the Buddha; Padumuttara announces that he will hereafter
    be a Buddha.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: In Padumuttara's time, the passage says there were no infidels and that all
    men and angels took refuge in the Buddha.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:8
  text: Under Sumedha, the Bodisat is born as the brahman youth Uttara, gives away
    eight hundred millions of money, listens to the Law, accepts the Refuges, abandons
    home, takes vows, and receives a prophecy of future Buddhahood.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:9
  text: Each Buddha episode includes named attendants or kin, chief disciples, chief
    female disciples, a Bo-tree, bodily height, and lifespan.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Paduma
  description: A Teacher and Blessed One described as a Buddha after Anomadassin,
    dwelling in a grove during the Bodisat's lion birth.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Bodisat as a lion
  description: The Bodisat born as a lion who reveres Paduma, attends him for seven
    days, and receives a prophecy.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Order of monks
  description: The monastic Order that draws near to Paduma and later receives donations
    in the Buddha episodes.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Nārada
  description: A Teacher and perfect Buddha after Paduma, recipient of the Bodisat's
    offering when the Bodisat is a sage.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Bodisat as a sage
  description: The Bodisat who has taken vows as a sage, acquired wisdom and sublime
    acquisitions, and offers red sandal wood.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Padumuttara
  description: A Buddha appearing a hundred thousand world-cycles ago, associated
    with assemblies including one on Vebhāra Mountain.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Bodisat as Jaṭila
  description: The Bodisat born as the Mahratta named Jaṭila, who offers robes to
    the Order headed by Padumuttara.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Men and angels
  description: Collective beings said to take refuge in the Buddha during Padumuttara's
    time.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Sumedha
  description: A Leader and Blessed One born in one kalpa after Padumuttara, recipient
    of Uttara's donation and source of a prophecy.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Bodisat as Uttara
  description: The Bodisat born as the brahman youth Uttara, who donates wealth, hears
    the Law, accepts the Refuges, leaves home, and takes vows.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: Buddha or Teacher who gives prophecy
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  basis: Each named Buddha is described as a Teacher, Blessed One, perfect Buddha,
    or Leader, and each main episode includes a prophecy of future Buddhahood for
    the Bodisat.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: Bodisat in a former birth and recipient of prophecy
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  - fig:10
  basis: The passage explicitly identifies the Bodisat in different births or statuses
    and records the prophecy that he will become a Buddha.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:3
  label: Devotee or donor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  - fig:10
  basis: The Bodisat venerates, attends, gives offerings, donates wealth, or takes
    vows in the episodes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:4
  label: Monastic Order associated with refuge and offerings
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The Order draws near in the Paduma episode and receives offerings or donations
    in the Nārada, Padumuttara, and Sumedha episodes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Bo-trees of the Buddhas
  literal_form: Crimson-tree, great Crimson-tree, Sāla-tree, and great Champaka-tree
    named as Bo-trees
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:2
  label: Vebhāra Mountain
  literal_form: Mountain setting for Padumuttara's second assembly
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: Red sandal wood offering
  literal_form: Red sandal wood offered by the Bodisat as a sage
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: Robes offering
  literal_form: Robes given to the Order headed by Padumuttara
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:5
  label: Great monetary donation
  literal_form: Eight hundred millions of money given by the brahman youth Uttara
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Lion venerates Paduma in the forest grove
  summary: The Bodisat, born as a lion, finds Paduma in trance, reveres him, remains
    in attendance without hunting for seven days, puts faith in the Order, and receives
    a prophecy of future Buddhahood.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Sage offers red sandal wood to Nārada and the Order
  summary: The Bodisat, as a vowed sage with wisdom and acquisitions, gives a great
    donation and red sandal wood to the Order headed by Nārada, who prophesies his
    future Buddhahood.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Jaṭila offers robes under Padumuttara
  summary: The Bodisat, born as Jaṭila, offers robes to the Order headed by Padumuttara
    and receives an announcement of future Buddhahood; the passage also says all men
    and angels take refuge in the Buddha during this time.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Uttara donates wealth, renounces, and takes vows under Sumedha
  summary: The Bodisat, born as the brahman youth Uttara, gives a large donation to
    the Order headed by Sumedha, hears the Law, accepts the Refuges, abandons home,
    takes vows, and receives a prophecy.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Devotional act or offering followed by prophecy of future Buddhahood
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: Across the episodes, the Bodisat venerates or gives offerings to a Buddha
    and the Order, and the Buddha prophesies his future Buddhahood.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy label is broad; the passage frames the exchange specifically
    in Buddhist terms of devotion, merit, refuge, and prophecy.
- id: motif:2
  label: Animal devotee recognizes and venerates a Buddha
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The Bodisat is born as a lion and responds to Paduma with reverence, joy,
    attendance, and faith in the Order.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly names this animal-devotee pattern.
- id: motif:3
  label: Renunciation and taking vows after hearing the Law
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  - initiation
  basis: The Bodisat as Uttara listens to the Law, accepts the Refuges, abandons home,
    and takes vows.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage states the actions briefly and does not narrate an extended
    initiation sequence.
- id: motif:4
  label: Acquisition of wisdom by the vowed sage
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The Bodisat as a sage is said to have acquired five kinds of Wisdom and eight
    sublime Acquisitions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage names the attainments but does not describe their content.
- id: motif:5
  label: Buddha-associated sacred tree listings
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_tree_axis
  basis: Each Buddha is linked with a named Bo-tree, including Crimson-tree, Sāla-tree,
    and Champaka-tree.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage lists Bo-trees but does not elaborate an axis or world-center
    function.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: 'The four main episodes in this passage repeat a common narrative function:
    a former birth of the Bodisat encounters a Buddha or the Order, performs devotion
    or giving, and receives a prophecy of future Buddhahood.'
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Repeated Bodisat encounter-and-prophecy pattern within the passage
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: This is an internal comparison among episodes in the same passage,
    not evidence for historical contact or comparison with an external tradition.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4609-4632
  quote_or_summary: Paduma has three assemblies and dwells in a forest grove; the
    Bodisat as a lion venerates him in trance, attends seven days without seeking
    prey, puts faith in the Order, and receives a prophecy of future Buddhahood. Paduma's
    city, kin, disciples, Bo-tree, height, and age are listed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4633-4652
  quote_or_summary: Nārada has three assemblies; the Bodisat as a vowed sage has five
    kinds of Wisdom and eight sublime Acquisitions, donates to the Order headed by
    the Buddha, offers red sandal wood, and receives a prophecy of future Buddhahood.
    Nārada's attributes and Bo-tree are listed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4653-4672
  quote_or_summary: Padumuttara appears in a distant kalpa and has assemblies, including
    one on Vebhāra Mountain; the Bodisat as Jaṭila offers robes to the Order headed
    by the Buddha and receives a prophecy. The passage says all men and angels took
    refuge in the Buddha, and lists Padumuttara's attributes and Bo-tree.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 4673-4690
  quote_or_summary: Sumedha appears after Padumuttara; the Bodisat as the brahman
    youth Uttara gives eight hundred millions of money to the Order headed by the
    Buddha, listens to the Law, accepts the Refuges, abandons home, takes vows, and
    receives a prophecy. Sumedha's attributes and Bo-tree are listed.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized for extraction.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: The narrative actions and repeated prophecy pattern are explicit. Taxonomy
    mappings are cautious because the available motif families are broad relative
    to the Buddhist technical setting.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No external comparisons were added; comparison claim is limited to repeated functions inside the supplied passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l4609-l4690
  passage_sha256=26f37737c1384a4f3b26c76e75b2373965965033e23fe82f107fee1eed01731f