batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l4522-l4607
---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l4522-l4607
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
label: TABLE VII. / THE BODISATS. / TABLE VIII. / THE DISTANT EPOCH.; lines 4522-4607
start: '4522'
end: '4607'
translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: 'The passage lists a sequence of past Buddhas and related details: Mangala,
Sumana, Revata, Sobhita, and Anomadassin. It describes assemblies, cities, parents,
disciples, servitors, female disciples, Bodhi-trees, bodily heights, ages, and
in several cases the Bodhisatta’s rebirth-form, gifts to a Buddha and monastic
order, establishment in the Three Refuges, and prophecy that he will one day become
a Buddha. It also notes a death accompanied by cosmic darkness and lamentation,
and an unnamed ascetic’s rebirth in the Brahma heavens.'
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: An unnamed figure receives ordination, embraces ascetic life, learns the word
of Buddha, attains supernatural faculties and attainments, and is reborn in the
Brahma heavens at the end of life.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: At Mangala Buddha’s death, ten thousand worlds are said to be involved in
darkness and there is a great cry and lamentation of men in all worlds.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:3
text: Sumana Buddha is described as appearing after Mangala, with three great assemblies
of saints.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:4
text: The Bodhisatta, as the Nāga king Atula, leaves the Nāga world with assembled
kinsmen, makes offerings with celestial music, gives garments of fine cloth, and
is established in the Three Refuges.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:5
text: Sumana foretells that the Nāga king Atula will one day be a Buddha.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:6
text: Revata Buddha is described as appearing after Sumana, with three assemblies
of saints.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:7
text: The Bodhisatta, as the brahmin Atideva, hears Revata’s preaching, is established
in the Three Refuges, raises clasped hands to his head, praises the Teacher’s
abandonment of human passion, and presents him with a monk’s upper robe.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:8
text: Revata predicts to Atideva that he will become a Buddha.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:9
text: Sobhita Buddha is described as appearing after Revata, with three assemblies
of monks.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:10
text: The Bodhisatta, as the brahman Ajita, hears Sobhita’s preaching, is established
in the Three Refuges, gives a great donation to the order of monks, and receives
a prophecy that he will become a Buddha.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:11
text: 'After an asaŋkheyya has elapsed, three Buddhas are said to be born in one
kalpa: Anomadassin, Paduma, and Nārada.'
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:12
text: The Bodhisatta, as a mighty Yakkha chief and lord of many yakkhas, hears that
Anomadassin has appeared, comes, gives a great donation to the order of monks,
and receives a prophecy that he will be a Buddha.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: obs:13
text: Several Buddhas in the passage are each associated with a named Bodhi-tree
or Bo-tree.
category: relationship
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Unnamed ordained figure
description: A figure at the beginning of the passage who receives ordination, lives
ascetically, attains supernatural faculties and attainments, and is reborn in
the Brahma heavens.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Mangala Buddha
description: A past Buddha whose city, parents, disciples, Bodhi-tree, bodily height,
lifespan, and death are described.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:6
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Sumana Buddha
description: A past Buddha appearing after Mangala, with three assemblies of saints,
named associates, a Nāga Bodhi-tree, and a prophecy concerning the Bodhisatta.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Bodhisatta as Nāga king Atula
description: The Bodhisatta born as a mighty Nāga king who leaves the Nāga world,
offers celestial music and gifts, takes refuge, and receives a prediction of Buddhahood.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Revata Buddha
description: A past Buddha appearing after Sumana, with three assemblies, named
associates, a Nāga-tree as Bo-tree, and a prophecy concerning the Bodhisatta.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Bodhisatta as brahmin Atideva
description: The Bodhisatta born as a brahmin who hears Revata’s preaching, takes
refuge, praises the Teacher, offers an upper robe, and receives a prediction of
Buddhahood.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Sobhita Buddha
description: A past Buddha appearing after Revata, with three assemblies of monks,
named associates, a Nāga-tree as Bo-tree, and a prophecy concerning the Bodhisatta.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Bodhisatta as brahman Ajita
description: The Bodhisatta born as a brahman who hears Sobhita’s preaching, takes
refuge, makes a donation to the order, and receives a prophecy of Buddhahood.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Anomadassin Buddha
description: A past Buddha born in the same kalpa as Paduma and Nārada, with assemblies,
named associates, an Arjuna-tree as Bo-tree, and a prophecy concerning the Bodhisatta.
role_refs:
- role:2
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Bodhisatta as Yakkha chief
description: The Bodhisatta born as a mighty Yakkha chief, lord of many yakkhas,
who gives a great donation to Anomadassin and the monastic order and receives
a prophecy of Buddhahood.
role_refs:
- role:3
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Paduma
description: One of three Buddhas said to be born in one kalpa after an asaŋkheyya
had elapsed.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Nārada
description: One of three Buddhas said to be born in one kalpa after an asaŋkheyya
had elapsed.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
roles:
- id: role:1
label: ordained ascetic reborn in Brahma heavens
assigned_to:
- fig:1
basis: The passage says the figure receives ordination, embraces ascetic life, attains
faculties and attainments, and is reborn in the Brahma heavens.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: role:2
label: past Buddha or Teacher
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:7
- fig:9
- fig:11
- fig:12
basis: These figures are named as Buddhas, Leaders, Teachers, or Blessed Ones in
the chronological account.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- id: role:3
label: Bodhisatta in a prior birth
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:8
- fig:10
basis: The passage explicitly identifies these births or forms as the Bodhisatta
at the time of particular past Buddhas.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:4
label: prophet of future Buddhahood
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:7
- fig:9
basis: Each Teacher is described as foretelling or prophesying that the Bodhisatta
will become a Buddha.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: role:5
label: devotional donor to Buddha and monastic order
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:8
- fig:10
basis: Each of these Bodhisatta births includes offerings, gifts, or donations to
a Buddha or the order of monks.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: Bodhi-tree or Bo-tree
literal_form: Named trees associated with Buddhas, including Nāga, Nāga-tree, and
Arjuna-tree.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:5
- fig:7
- fig:9
taxonomy_refs:
- tree
- sacred_tree_axis
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
- id: sym:2
label: Nāga world
literal_form: The world from which the Bodhisatta as Nāga king Atula departs with
assembled kinsmen.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:3
label: Golden Mountain
literal_form: A mountain named as the location of Sumana’s second assembly.
associated_figures:
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs:
- mountain
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: sym:4
label: darkness over ten thousand worlds
literal_form: Darkness involving ten thousand worlds at the death of Mangala Buddha.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: sym:5
label: torch of truth
literal_form: A verse says Mangala held aloft the torch of truth while dispelling
darkness in the world.
associated_figures:
- fig:2
taxonomy_refs:
- fire
- wisdom
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: sym:6
label: Three Refuges
literal_form: The refuge formula or state into which the Bodhisatta is repeatedly
established after hearing a Buddha or making offerings.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:6
- fig:8
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- id: sym:7
label: offered robe and garments
literal_form: Fine cloth garments and a monk’s upper robe presented to Buddhas or
the monastic order.
associated_figures:
- fig:4
- fig:6
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Ordination and Brahma-heaven rebirth
summary: An unnamed figure renounces prosperity, receives ordination, practices
ascetic life, learns Buddhist teaching, attains supernatural faculties and attainments,
and is reborn in the Brahma heavens.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: scene:2
label: Death of Mangala Buddha
summary: Mangala Buddha’s death occurs after a long lifespan and is accompanied
by darkness across ten thousand worlds and widespread lamentation.
figure_refs:
- fig:2
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:4
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:6
- id: scene:3
label: Sumana and the Nāga king Atula
summary: Sumana Buddha appears after Mangala; the Bodhisatta as the Nāga king Atula
leaves the Nāga world, makes musical offerings and gifts, takes refuge, and receives
a prediction of future Buddhahood.
figure_refs:
- fig:3
- fig:4
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
- sym:3
- sym:6
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: scene:4
label: Revata and the brahmin Atideva
summary: Revata Buddha appears after Sumana; the Bodhisatta as Atideva hears the
preaching, takes refuge, praises the Teacher, offers an upper robe, and receives
a prediction of Buddhahood.
figure_refs:
- fig:5
- fig:6
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:6
- sym:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: scene:5
label: Sobhita and the brahman Ajita
summary: Sobhita Buddha appears after Revata; the Bodhisatta as Ajita hears the
preaching, takes refuge, donates to the order, and receives a prophecy of future
Buddhahood.
figure_refs:
- fig:7
- fig:8
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: scene:6
label: Anomadassin and the Yakkha chief
summary: After an asaŋkheyya, three Buddhas are born in one kalpa; under Anomadassin,
the Bodhisatta as a Yakkha chief donates to the Buddha and order and receives
a prophecy of future Buddhahood.
figure_refs:
- fig:9
- fig:10
- fig:11
- fig:12
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: Prior-birth Bodhisatta receives prophecy of future Buddhahood
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Across several entries, the Bodhisatta appears in a prior form, performs
an act of devotion or giving, and is told by a past Buddha that he will become
a Buddha.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
confidence: high
cautions: This is a passage-internal recurring pattern rather than a supplied taxonomy
motif family.
- id: motif:2
label: Sacred giving to Buddha and monastic order
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_exchange
basis: The Bodhisatta repeatedly gives offerings, garments, an upper robe, or donations
to a Buddha and monastic order before receiving confirmation of future Buddhahood.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage presents giving and prophecy in sequence, but does not explicitly
frame the prophecy as a transaction.
- id: motif:3
label: Tree associated with awakened Teacher
taxonomy_refs:
- sacred_tree_axis
- tree
basis: Each Buddha’s entry includes a named Bodhi-tree or Bo-tree as part of the
Buddha’s identifying details.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
- ev:5
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage lists the trees but does not narrate events occurring at them
in this excerpt.
- id: motif:4
label: Renunciation, attainment, and heavenly rebirth
taxonomy_refs:
- ascent
basis: The opening lines describe ordination, ascetic life, attainment of supernatural
faculties and attainments, and rebirth in the Brahma heavens.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage does not describe a physical ascent journey, only post-mortem
rebirth in a heavenly realm.
- id: motif:5
label: Cosmic signs at the death of a Buddha
taxonomy_refs:
- death_rebirth
basis: Mangala Buddha’s death is marked by darkness across ten thousand worlds and
lamentation in all worlds.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage emphasizes death and cosmic response, but does not narrate
rebirth of the Buddha in this scene.
- id: motif:6
label: Truth as light dispelling darkness
taxonomy_refs:
- wisdom
- fire
basis: A verse states that Mangala dispelled darkness in the world and held aloft
the torch of truth.
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
confidence: medium
cautions: This is a poetic image in a verse summary rather than a literal torch
scene.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 4522-4532
quote_or_summary: An unnamed figure is ordained, embraces ascetic life, learns the
word of Buddha, attains supernatural faculties and attainments, and is reborn
in the Brahma heavens. Mangala Buddha’s details are listed, including a Nāga Bodhi-tree,
an eighty-eight-cubit body, a ninety-thousand-year life, and death accompanied
by darkness in ten thousand worlds and lamentation.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 4536-4556
quote_or_summary: Sumana appears after Mangala and has three assemblies. The Bodhisatta
is the Nāga king Atula, leaves the Nāga world with kinsmen, offers celestial music,
gives garments of fine cloth, is established in the Three Refuges, and is foretold
to become a Buddha. Sumana’s details include the Golden Mountain assembly and
Nāga Bodhi-tree.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 4558-4573
quote_or_summary: Revata appears after Sumana and has three assemblies. The Bodhisatta
is born as the brahmin Atideva, hears the Teacher’s preaching, is established
in the Three Refuges, raises clasped hands, praises the Teacher, presents a monk’s
upper robe, and receives the prediction that he will become a Buddha. Revata’s
details include a Nāga-tree as Bo-tree.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 4575-4590
quote_or_summary: Sobhita appears after Revata and has three assemblies. The Bodhisatta
is born as the brahman Ajita, hears the Teacher’s preaching, is established in
the Three Refuges, gives a great donation to the order with the Buddha at its
head, and receives a prophecy of future Buddhahood. Sobhita’s details include
a Nāga-tree as Bo-tree.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 4592-4607
quote_or_summary: After an asaŋkheyya, Anomadassin, Paduma, and Nārada are born
in one kalpa. Anomadassin has three assemblies. The Bodhisatta is a mighty Yakkha
chief, lord of many yakkhas, who comes after hearing that a Buddha has appeared,
gives a great donation to the order with the Buddha at its head, and receives
the prophecy that he will be a Buddha. Anomadassin’s details include an Arjuna-tree
as Bo-tree.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
type: quote
locator: lines 4534-4535
quote_or_summary: "“Dispelling darkness in the world, held aloft the torch of truth.”"
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation from supplied passage.
confidence:
extraction: high
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: The passage is formulaic and supports reliable extraction of figures, repeated
actions, prophecies, and listed symbols. Motif labels are conservative and mostly
passage-internal; no comparison claims are made because the passage itself does
not compare traditions or motif families.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
Only supplied passage and metadata were used. No external identifications or comparisons were added.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l4522-l4607
passage_sha256=71fd9804355b263aeb9b5d919a8e7ff887003c89b6958a6c23f5a18f2c091bee