Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l17081-l17197

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l17081-l17197

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l17081-l17197
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: INDIAN TALES FROM TIBETAN SOURCES. / THE RELIGIONS OF INDIA. / BY A. BARTH.
    / FOOTNOTES:; lines 17081-17197
  start: '17081'
  end: '17197'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: This line range consists of translator footnotes discussing Jātaka-related
    interpretive points, including the truth-act miracle, salvation as death to oneself
    and spiritual rebirth, animal episodes, moral similes, renunciant status, and
    comparisons to other texts or fables.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A solemn appeal to a former good action, if true, is described as often producing
    a miracle and is named saccakiriyā, or truth-act.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:2
  text: The note says Buddhist-scripture miracles following a truth-act are usually
    assistance to someone in distress.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The note contrasts foolish attempts at salvation through rites and delusions
    with death to oneself and spiritual rebirth as true salvation.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:4
  text: The passage mentions monkeys sitting and listening to the Bodisat in a Bharhut
    sculpture.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: A cited verse compares a person exceeding in wickedness to a creeper covering
    and dragging down a tree.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: A rogue elephant is defined as a male driven from the herd or one who has
    lost self-command in the rutting season and become vicious.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The passage says true Brāmanship is based on self-culture and self-control
    rather than birth.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: A biblical passage is cited in comparison, where fire comes down from heaven
    and consumes a man and his fifty followers.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: truth-act performer
  description: An unspecified person who makes a solemn appeal to a former good action.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: person in distress
  description: An unspecified beneficiary whom a Buddhist truth-act miracle may assist.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: fools seeking salvation
  description: People who seek safety from divine wrath through rites and delusions
    that become spiritual bonds.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Bodisat
  description: The Bodisat is shown as one to whom monkeys listen in a Bharhut sculptural
    scene mentioned by the note.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: monkeys
  description: Monkeys are described as sitting like good little boys and listening
    to the Bodisat.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: rogue elephant
  description: A male elephant driven out of the herd or losing self-command in rut
    and becoming vicious.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Samaṇas
  description: Self-conquering ones who have given up the world and live in self-renunciation
    and peace.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: true Brāhmans
  description: Those whose superiority is attributed to self-culture and self-control,
    not birth.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: truth-claimant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The miracle is said to follow a solemn appeal to a former good action if
    true.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: distressed beneficiary
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The note says such miracles usually assist someone in distress.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:3
  label: deluded salvation-seeker
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The note describes fools practicing rites and harboring delusions while seeking
    salvation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:4
  label: teacher or listener's focus
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The Bodisat is the figure to whom the monkeys listen.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:5
  label: animal listeners
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The monkeys are described as sitting and listening to the Bodisat.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:6
  label: dangerous outcast male animal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The rogue elephant is defined as driven from the herd or lacking self-command
    and becoming vicious.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:7
  label: self-renouncing holy persons
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Samaṇas are glossed as self-conquering ones devoted to self-renunciation
    and peace.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: status by moral cultivation
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The note states true Brāmanship results from self-culture and self-control,
    not birth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire from heaven
  literal_form: fire
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:2
  label: tree covered by creeper
  literal_form: tree
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: spiritual rebirth
  literal_form: death to oneself and spiritual rebirth
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:4
  label: rogue elephant
  literal_form: elephant
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Truth-act miracle
  summary: A true appeal to a former good action is said to work a miracle, usually
    by assisting someone in distress.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: False and true salvation
  summary: Fools seek safety through rites and delusions, while the note states that
    death to oneself and spiritual rebirth is the only true salvation.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:3
  label: Monkeys listening to the Bodisat
  summary: A sculptural depiction is described in which monkeys sit and listen to
    the Bodisat.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:4
  label: Self-destructive wickedness simile
  summary: A cited verse says excessive wickedness makes a person as an enemy would
    wish, like a creeper dragging down the tree it covers.
  figure_refs: []
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: scene:5
  label: Rogue elephant condition
  summary: A male elephant outside the herd or in rut is described as losing self-command
    and becoming vicious.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: truthful declaration brings miraculous aid
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The passage explains saccakiriyā as a truth-act in which a true appeal to
    a former good action can work a miracle, usually to assist someone in distress.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage is a translator's explanatory note rather than the full narrative
    episode.
- id: motif:2
  label: spiritual death and rebirth as salvation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  basis: The note explicitly states that death to oneself and spiritual rebirth is
    the only true salvation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is doctrinal exposition in a footnote, not a narrated mythic event.
- id: motif:3
  label: wickedness destroys its bearer
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: A cited verse says the wicked person makes himself as his enemy might desire,
    like a creeper dragging down a covered tree.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The note reports a verse associated with another commentary; the immediate
    narrative context is absent.
- id: motif:4
  label: moral cultivation supersedes birth status
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The note says real superiority and true Brāmanship come from self-culture
    and self-control rather than birth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy link to wisdom is broad; this is more an ethical-doctrinal
    pattern than a mythic plot motif.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself reports Childers's comparison between Buddhist truth-act
    miracles and 2 Kings i.10, where a true claim is followed by fire from heaven.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: 2 Kings i.10, fire from heaven after the declaration 'If I be a man of God'
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The note also distinguishes the Buddhist pattern by saying its miracles
    are usually assistance to someone in distress, unlike the cited destructive biblical
    fire.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The passage flags a comparison to the Fable of the Two Sides of the Shield.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Fable of the Two Sides of the Shield
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: low
  limitations: The passage gives only a bare comparison note and does not describe
    the fable or the specific shared motif.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 17110-17117; footnote [296]
  quote_or_summary: Fools seek salvation as safety from divine wrath through rites
    and delusions that become spiritual bonds; death to oneself and spiritual rebirth
    is identified as true salvation.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 17125-17136; footnote [298]
  quote_or_summary: A solemn appeal to a former good action, if true, often works
    a miracle and is called saccakiriyā or truth-act; Childers compares 2 Kings i.10,
    but Buddhist examples usually assist someone in distress.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 17119-17124; footnote [297]
  quote_or_summary: The note refers to restless monkeys at monasteries and says a
    Bharhut sculptor represented monkeys sitting like good little boys and listening
    to the Bodisat.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: lines 17147-17151; footnote [303]
  quote_or_summary: "“He who exceeds in wickedness makes himself such as his enemy
    might desire, (dragging himself down) as the creeper the tree which it has covered.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; brief quotation.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 17161-17166; footnote [309]
  quote_or_summary: A rogue elephant is described as a male driven out of the herd,
    or one that loses self-command in rutting season and becomes exceedingly vicious
    and wanton.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 17168-17190; footnote [310]
  quote_or_summary: Samaṇas are glossed as self-conquering renunciants; true Brāmanship
    is said to arise from self-culture and self-control, not birth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: quote
  locator: line 17108; footnote [294]
  quote_or_summary: "“Compare the Fable of the Two sides of the Shield.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; brief quotation.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: low
  notes: The passage is primarily footnotes and commentary rather than continuous
    narrative, so motifs are mostly doctrinal, explanatory, or comparative references.
    All records require human review.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No additional figures, scenes, or taxonomy identifiers were inferred beyond the supplied passage and available taxonomy list.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l17081-l17197
  passage_sha256=c2da877151dca17f3a9f4edf1c359b264594970d751cf0b6d3dff277f83a5ef7