Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l14324-l14688

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l14324-l14688

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l14324-l14688
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: END OF THE STORY OF THE BULL WHO WON THE BET. / END OF THE STORY OF THE WISE
    BIRD AND THE FOOLS. / END OF BOOK I. CHAPTER IV. / INDEX.; lines 14324-14688
  start: '14324'
  end: '14688'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: This passage is an alphabetical index segment listing Jātaka titles, named
    figures, places, animal and supernatural beings, moral topics, and motif-like
    entries such as animal kingship, omens, signs on a child's body, Māra as tempter,
    Nāgas as mystic snakes, sacred or lucky numbers, and wisdom-related statements.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The passage is structured as an index, with entries for Jātaka titles, named
    persons, places, topics, and page references.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The index includes entries in which animals choose kings, including a lion
    chosen king of the beasts and Leviathan as king of the fish.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The index identifies several figures as kings and, in some cases, as Bodisat
    figures.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: obs:4
  text: The index describes Māra as the Buddhist Satan, a tempter of Gotama with sovereignty,
    and a figure in conflict with the Buddha.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:5
  text: The index identifies Nāgas as mystic snakes and notes a Nāga king who sings
    the Bodisat’s praise.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:6
  text: The index identifies Mucalinda as the king of the cobras.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:7
  text: The index includes entries for the Buddha’s birth at Lumbini grove, Mahā Māyā
    as mother of the Buddha, bodily marks on a child as signs of future destiny, omens,
    and sacred or lucky numbers.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: obs:8
  text: The index includes symbolic or natural-place entries such as a river, a grove,
    a tree, milk, fire imagery, and a deer forest.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  - ev:15
  - ev:16
  - ev:17
  - ev:18
- id: obs:9
  text: The index includes wisdom-related entries, including a statement that penance
    is not the way to wisdom and an entry for a Kingdom of Righteousness.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:19
  - ev:20
- id: obs:10
  text: The index includes references to other fable or literary corpora, including
    La Fontaine’s fables, the Pancha Tantra, and Phædrus.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:21
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Buddha / Gotama
  description: A central figure in indexed entries concerning walking and voice like
    a lion, conflict with Māra, temptation by Māra, birth at Lumbini, and kinship
    with Mahā Māyā and Nanda.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:22
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Māra
  description: Identified in the index as the Buddhist Satan, tempter of Gotama with
    sovereignty, opponent in conflict with the Buddha, and father of daughters.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Nāgas
  description: Identified as mystic snakes in the index.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Nāga king
  description: A king of the Nāgas who sings the Bodisat’s praise, according to the
    index entry.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Mucalinda
  description: Identified as the king of the cobras.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Mahā Māyā
  description: Identified as mother of the Buddha.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Lion
  description: Appears as Bodisat in one index entry and as king of the beasts in
    another.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Leviathan
  description: Identified as king of the fish in an index entry.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Animals
  description: Collective group in an index entry about kings chosen by animals.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Khema
  description: Identified as king and Bodisat in the index.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: Buddha
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The index repeatedly names the Buddha in entries about birth, Māra, kinship,
    and lion-like attributes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:22
- id: role:2
  label: Tempter and opponent
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Māra is indexed as tempting Gotama with sovereignty and as being in conflict
    with the Buddha.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:3
  label: Serpentine supernatural being
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:5
  basis: Nāgas are called mystic snakes, and Mucalinda is called king of the cobras.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:4
  label: King or ruler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:10
  basis: The index explicitly labels these figures as king, chosen king, or king of
    a class of beings.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:5
  label: Mother of the Buddha
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Mahā Māyā is indexed as mother of the Buddha.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:6
  label: Bodisat
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  - fig:10
  basis: The index explicitly identifies Khema and the lion as Bodisat figures.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: Recipient of birth signs and omens
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The index clusters the Buddha’s birth with bodily marks, omens, and sacred
    or lucky numbers, though it does not narrate these episodes in this passage.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: role:8
  label: King-makers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The index entry states that kings are chosen by the animals.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Serpent beings
  literal_form: Nāgas, mystic snakes; Mucalinda, king of the cobras
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: sym:2
  label: Tree
  literal_form: Nigrodha tree
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
- id: sym:3
  label: Grove
  literal_form: Lumbini grove, where the Buddha was born; Laṭṭhivanuyyāna, grove of
    reeds
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:14
- id: sym:4
  label: Water place
  literal_form: Nerañjara river; Nalakapāna village and lake; Migadāya deer forest
    near Benares
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:18
- id: sym:5
  label: Fire image
  literal_form: Life like living in a house on fire
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:17
- id: sym:6
  label: Milk
  literal_form: Milk, legend of ‘working in and in’
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - milk
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:16
- id: sym:7
  label: Birth marks and omens
  literal_form: Marks on a child’s body signs of its future; thirty-two good omens;
    four omens; sacred or lucky numbers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
- id: sym:8
  label: Lion kingship and lion-like Buddha
  literal_form: Lion chosen king of the beasts; Buddha walks like a lion; Buddha mighty
    in voice as a lion
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:22
scenes: []
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Animal election or animal kingship
  taxonomy_refs:
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: The index explicitly lists kings chosen by animals, Leviathan as king of
    the fish, and a lion chosen king of the beasts.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage is an index and does not narrate the election or kingship
    episode.
- id: motif:2
  label: Serpentine supernatural guardians or rulers
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  basis: The index identifies Nāgas as mystic snakes, mentions a Nāga king praising
    the Bodisat, and identifies Mucalinda as king of the cobras.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage provides only index references, not the surrounding narrative
    actions.
- id: motif:3
  label: Temptation by a demonic opponent
  taxonomy_refs:
  - trickster_boundary
  basis: The index describes Māra as the Buddhist Satan, a tempter of Gotama with
    sovereignty, and an opponent in conflict with the Buddha.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The index gives topic references but no detailed temptation scene in this
    passage.
- id: motif:4
  label: Sacred birth signs and destiny omens
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_birth
  basis: The index links the Buddha’s birth at Lumbini and Mahā Māyā with entries
    for marks on a child’s body as signs of future destiny, omens, and sacred or lucky
    numbers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage does not directly narrate the birth or omen sequence; it only
    indexes related topics.
- id: motif:5
  label: Wisdom beyond penance
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The index includes the entry 'Penance not the way to wisdom' and a broader
    entry for the Kingdom of Righteousness.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:19
  - ev:20
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a topical index entry rather than a narrative motif in the supplied
    passage.
- id: motif:6
  label: Sacred or significant tree setting
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_tree_axis
  basis: The index includes the Nigrodha tree and groves associated with the Buddha’s
    birth and other Buddhist places.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:14
  - ev:15
  confidence: low
  cautions: The passage gives place and object entries only; it does not state a tree-axis
    cosmology or a ritual role for the tree in this segment.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14324-14688
  quote_or_summary: Alphabetical index entries listing Jātaka titles, figures, places,
    topics, and page references from Kharassara Jātaka through Pig and ox.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entries for animal kingship
  quote_or_summary: "“Kings chosen by the animals”; “Leviathan, king of the fish”;
    “Lion chosen king of the beasts.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for Khema
  quote_or_summary: "“Khema, king and Bodisat.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:4
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for lion as Bodisat
  quote_or_summary: "“Lion as Bodisat.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for Māra
  quote_or_summary: The index identifies Māra as the Buddhist Satan, says he tempts
    Gotama with sovereignty, notes conflict between the Buddha and Māra, mentions
    Māra’s daughters, and lists Māra as tempter.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for Nāgas
  quote_or_summary: The index describes Nāgas as mystic snakes and notes that the
    king of the Nāgas sings the Bodisat’s praise.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for Mucalinda
  quote_or_summary: "“Mucalinda, the king of the cobras.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:8
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for Lumbini grove
  quote_or_summary: "“Lumbini grove, where the Buddha was born.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:9
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for Mahā Māyā
  quote_or_summary: "“Mahā Māyā, mother of the Buddha.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:10
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for marks on a child’s body
  quote_or_summary: "“Marks on a child’s body signs of its future.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for omens
  quote_or_summary: The index lists omens, including the thirty-two good omens and
    the four omens.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for numbers
  quote_or_summary: "“Numbers, sacred or lucky.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entries for Nerañjara and Nalakapāna
  quote_or_summary: The index identifies Nerañjara as a river near Uruvela and Nalakapāna
    as a village and lake.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entries for Lumbini and Laṭṭhivanuyyāna
  quote_or_summary: The index mentions Lumbini grove and Laṭṭhivanuyyāna, glossed
    as a grove of reeds.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:15
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for Nigrodha tree
  quote_or_summary: "“Nigrodha tree.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:16
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for milk
  quote_or_summary: "“Milk, legend of ‘working in and in.’”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:17
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for fire image
  quote_or_summary: "“Life like living in a house on fire.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:18
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for Migadāya
  quote_or_summary: The index identifies Migadāya as a deer forest near Benares.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:19
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for penance and wisdom
  quote_or_summary: "“Penance not the way to wisdom.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:20
  type: quote
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entry for Kingdom of Righteousness
  quote_or_summary: "“Kingdom of Righteousness.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:21
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entries for La Fontaine, Pancha Tantra, and Phædrus
  quote_or_summary: The index lists La Fontaine’s fables, the Pancha Tantra, and Phædrus
    the Latin fabulist.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:22
  type: summary
  locator: lines 14324-14688; index entries for the Buddha and lion imagery
  quote_or_summary: The index says the Buddha walks like a lion and is mighty in voice
    as a lion.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: medium
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: The passage is an index segment, so many entries are motif-like references
    rather than narrated episodes. Motif candidates are therefore provisional and
    require review against the indexed narrative pages.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No comparison claims were asserted because the index mentions other literary corpora but does not specify shared motifs or narrative correspondences within this passage.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l14324-l14688
  passage_sha256=84073071472b1c3788ac7cda7b2b782f971d80015567023c4e5f1b611846d059