Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l12480-l12610

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l12480-l12610

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l12480-l12610
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: END OF THE STORY OF THE THOROUGHBRED. / END OF THE STORY OF THE FORD. / END
    OF THE STORY ON CONSTANCY. / END OF THE STORY OF THE BULL WHO WON THE BET.; lines
    12480-12610
  start: '12480'
  end: '12610'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The Teacher, seated among disciples, recounts a former birth as a helpless
    young quail threatened by a jungle fire. Abandoned by his parents and unable to
    fly or walk, the Bodisat relies on the efficacy of truth and virtue, performs
    an Act of Truth, and the fire recedes and goes out. The Teacher identifies himself
    with the quail and explains the lasting immunity of that spot from fire. The passage
    then begins another Jātaka about a monk whose forest hut burns and whose requests
    for repair are repeatedly postponed by villagers.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Ānanda folds a robe and spreads it as a seat for the Teacher before the disciples
    gather around him.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The disciples ask the Teacher to make the hidden past known to them.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The Bodisat is born as a quail in Magadha, emerges from an egg, and remains
    in a nest fed by his parents.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The young quail cannot fly with his wings or walk with his legs.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: A jungle fire regularly consumes the place and, on this occasion, approaches
    with a mighty roar.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: Flocks of birds flee from their nests, and the Bodisat’s parents also flee
    in fear of death.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: The Bodisat recognizes that he has no external help and no bodily means of
    escape.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: The Bodisat reflects on the efficacy of virtue and truth, remembers past Buddhas,
    and resolves to perform an Act of Truth for himself and the other birds.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: The Bodisat declares that his wings will not fly, his feet will not walk,
    and his parents have fled, then commands the fire to go back.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:10
  text: The fire recedes sixteen rods and goes out at the spot, compared to a torch
    plunged into water.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:11
  text: The Teacher states that the wood’s immunity from fire is due to the earlier
    Act of Truth, not to his present power.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:12
  text: After the discourse, some listeners attain stages of conversion, and the Teacher
    identifies the former quail as himself.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:13
  text: The next story begins with a monk at Jetavana whose forest hut is burned in
    the first month of his stay.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:14
  text: The people repeatedly postpone helping the monk by citing irrigation, sowing,
    fencing, cutting, reaping, and treading-out work.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Venerable Ānanda
  description: A disciple who folds a robe and spreads it as a seat for the Teacher.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: The Teacher
  description: The religious teacher who sits among disciples, tells the past-life
    tale, proclaims the Truths, and identifies himself with the former quail.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Disciples
  description: The body of disciples seated reverently around the Teacher, asking
    him to reveal the past.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Bodisat as young quail
  description: A newly hatched quail in Magadha, unable to fly or walk, who performs
    an Act of Truth against the fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Parents of the quail
  description: The quail’s parents feed him in the nest but later flee from the fire
    in fear of death.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Flocks of birds
  description: Birds that rise from their nests and fly away shrieking when the jungle
    fire comes.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Buddhas of the past
  description: Past omniscient Buddhas recalled by the Bodisat, described as associated
    with the Bo-tree, truth, compassion, mercy, longsuffering, and equal love.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: A certain monk
  description: A monk who receives a meditation subject, dwells in a forest near a
    border village, and loses his hut to fire.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: People of Kosala border village
  description: Villagers who give successive agricultural reasons for delaying aid
    to the monk after his hut burns.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: attendant preparing seat
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Ānanda folds a robe and spreads it as a seat for the Teacher.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:2
  label: teacher and narrator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The Teacher sits, answers the disciples’ request, and tells the tale.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: identifier of former birth
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: He sums up the Jātaka and states that he himself was the King of the Quails.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:4
  label: requesting audience
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The disciples ask for the past to be made known.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:5
  label: vulnerable animal protagonist
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The Bodisat is a young quail unable to fly or walk while fire approaches.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:6
  label: performer of Act of Truth
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The Bodisat makes a solemn asseveration and utters the Act of Truth verse.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: nest-feeding parents
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The parents make the young quail lie still in the nest and feed him with
    food brought in their beaks.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:8
  label: fearful abandoners
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The parents leave the Bodisat and flee because of fear of death.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:9
  label: fleeing birds
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The flocks rise from their nests and fly away shrieking when the fire comes.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:10
  label: remembered exemplars of truth and compassion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The Bodisat recalls the attributes of past Buddhas before performing the
    Act of Truth.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:11
  label: monastic sufferer of burned dwelling
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The monk’s hut is burned, and he lives in discomfort in the open air.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:12
  label: delaying householders
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The people repeatedly cite agricultural tasks and allow three months to pass.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: fire
  literal_form: Jungle fire and hut fire
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: sym:2
  label: water
  literal_form: Water appears in the simile of fire going out like a torch plunged
    into water.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: sym:3
  label: Bo-tree
  literal_form: The tree under which Buddhas become Buddhas, as recalled in the Bodisat’s
    reflection.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:4
  label: egg and shell
  literal_form: The Bodisat is born in an egg and gets out of the shell as a young
    quail.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:5
  label: nest
  literal_form: The young quail lies still in a nest where his parents feed him, and
    other birds flee from their nests.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: robe-seat
  literal_form: Ānanda folds a robe in four and spreads it as a seat for the Teacher.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Teacher seated and asked to reveal the past
  summary: Ānanda prepares a robe-seat, the Teacher sits cross-legged, disciples gather,
    and they ask him to explain the hidden past.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Bodisat born as helpless quail
  summary: The Bodisat is born as a quail in Magadha, emerges from an egg, remains
    in the nest, and is fed by his parents while unable to fly or walk.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Jungle fire and abandonment
  summary: A jungle fire approaches; birds flee from their nests, and the quail’s
    parents abandon him in fear of death.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Act of Truth stops the fire
  summary: The Bodisat recalls truth, virtue, and past Buddhas, utters an Act of Truth,
    and the fire recedes sixteen rods and goes out.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Jātaka conclusion and identification
  summary: The Teacher explains that the wood’s immunity from fire comes from the
    former Act of Truth, proclaims the Truths, and identifies himself as the former
    quail.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:6
  label: Burned hut and delayed help
  summary: The next Jātaka begins with a monk whose forest hut burns; villagers repeatedly
    postpone assistance while they complete agricultural tasks, leaving him in discomfort.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:8
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Act of Truth averts destructive fire
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: A helpless quail relies on truth and virtue, performs an Act of Truth, and
    the approaching fire recedes and goes out.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy reference to wisdom is broad; the passage’s explicit term
    is an Act of Truth rather than a named wisdom motif.
- id: motif:2
  label: Helpless young animal saved without physical escape
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The young quail cannot fly or walk, is abandoned by his parents, and survives
    through the Act of Truth rather than bodily flight.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a passage-level narrative pattern, not linked here to a supplied
    taxonomy family.
- id: motif:3
  label: Lasting sacred exception to natural disaster
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The spot where the Act of Truth occurred is said to have escaped being overwhelmed
    by fire throughout the kalpa and is called a kalpa-enduring miracle.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage describes a lasting miracle at a location, but no explicit
    supplied taxonomy category exactly matches it.
- id: motif:4
  label: Former-birth identification in a Jātaka frame
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The Teacher connects the past tale to the present by identifying his former
    parents and stating that he himself was the King of the Quails.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a structural Jātaka pattern rather than one of the supplied motif
    families.
- id: motif:5
  label: Delayed aid after burned dwelling
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: In the following story opening, the monk’s hut burns and villagers defer
    action for three months by citing agricultural tasks.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Only the opening of this story is present in the passage, so the larger
    function of the pattern is not yet shown.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The quail episode belongs to a Buddhist Act of Truth miracle pattern, since
    the passage itself names the act, quotes scriptural verses about truth’s power,
    and presents the act as causing the fire to withdraw.
  claim_level: same_motif
  target: Buddhist Act of Truth miracle pattern
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The passage supports the named pattern internally, but no external
    parallels are provided in the supplied text.
- id: claim:2
  claim: The teaching frame follows a Jātaka former-birth identification pattern,
    with a present discourse, a past-life animal tale, and a final identification
    of the Teacher as the former quail.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Jātaka former-birth narrative frame
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:8
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The claim is limited to the narrative function visible in this passage
    and does not infer historical development.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 12480-12488
  quote_or_summary: Ānanda spreads a folded robe as a seat; the Teacher sits cross-legged;
    disciples gather and ask him to reveal the hidden past; he begins the tale.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 12490-12497
  quote_or_summary: The Bodisat is born as a quail in Magadha, comes out of the shell,
    is kept in the nest, is fed by his parents, and cannot fly or walk.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 12499-12504
  quote_or_summary: A yearly jungle fire comes with a roar; birds flee shrieking from
    their nests, and the Bodisat’s parents abandon him and fly away in fear of death.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 12506-12515
  quote_or_summary: The Bodisat sees the conflagration approaching and reflects that
    he cannot escape by wing or foot, has been left alone, and has no help from others
    or himself.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 12517-12533
  quote_or_summary: The Bodisat reflects that virtue and truth have efficacy, recalls
    omniscient Buddhas and their attributes, and resolves to perform an Act of Truth
    to drive back the fire and protect himself and other birds.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: quote
  locator: 12547-12553
  quote_or_summary: "“Wings I have that will not fly, / Feet I have that will not
    walk; / My parents, too, are fled away! / O All-embracing Fire--go back!”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; short excerpt quoted.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 12555-12569
  quote_or_summary: Before the Bodisat and his Act of Truth, the Element goes back
    sixteen rods and goes out at the spot, like a torch plunged into water; the place
    is called a kalpa-enduring miracle.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 12573-12583
  quote_or_summary: The Teacher explains that the wood’s immunity from fire comes
    from the former Act of Truth, proclaims the Truths, and identifies his former
    parents and himself as the King of the Quails.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; excerpt summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 12587-12610
  quote_or_summary: 'The next Jātaka begins: a monk receives a meditation subject,
    dwells in a forest near a Kosala border village, his hut burns, and villagers
    delay assistance for three months by citing agricultural work.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source text; excerpt summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The Holy Quail narrative is complete in the supplied passage, supporting
    high-confidence extraction for that section. The following Sakuṇa Jātaka is only
    beginning, so motifs from it are provisional.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only the supplied passage and metadata were used. Taxonomy references are limited to available refs and are included only where directly supported or cautiously applicable.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l12480-l12610
  passage_sha256=a62a0687214bb7273dd7e85e0a230da688c7f3a9df3b537427bd6a1e7308cbeb