Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l11905-l12036

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l11905-l12036

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l11905-l12036
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: END OF THE STORY OF THE THOROUGHBRED. / END OF THE STORY OF THE FORD. / END
    OF THE STORY ON CONSTANCY. / END OF THE STORY OF THE BULL WHO WON THE BET.; lines
    11905-12036
  start: '11905'
  end: '12036'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage describes meritorious acts and their heavenly rewards, the
    Bodisat's rebirth as Sakka, Sakka's expulsion of the Titans from the heaven of
    the Great Thirty Three, their attempted return, Sakka's compassionate stopping
    of his chariot to spare young birds, the Titans' flight after misreading his action,
    and later heavenly rewards or lower rebirths connected with prior deeds.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Thoughtful makes a pleasure ground, Pleasing makes a pond with five kinds
    of water-lilies, and Well-born does nothing.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The Bodisat fulfills seven religious duties, including supporting parents,
    honoring age, speaking truth, avoiding harsh speech and abuse, and avoiding selfishness,
    envy, and niggardliness.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: At the end of his life, the Bodisat is born again in the heaven of the Great
    Thirty Three as Sakka, king of the Gods, and his friends are also reborn there.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: Titans dwell in the heaven of the Great Thirty Three before Sakka acts against
    them.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: Sakka has ambrosia given to the Titans, and when they become like drunken
    men they are seized by the feet and thrown down Mount Sineru.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The Titans fall to the Abode of the Titans on the lowest level of Sineru,
    where a variegated Trumpet-Flower Tree grows.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:7
  text: The Titans identify that they are no longer in heaven because the Trumpet-Flower
    Tree is blooming rather than the Coral-Tree of heaven.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:8
  text: The Titans resolve to war against Sakka and swarm up the perpendicular sides
    of Sineru.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:9
  text: Sakka fights the Titans from the sky, is worsted, and flees in his Chariot
    of Glory.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:10
  text: Sakka's chariot passes through the Silk Cotton Tree Forest, cutting down trees
    and causing young Winged Creatures to fall and cry out.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:11
  text: After Mātali explains the cries, Sakka orders the car stopped and says he
    would rather offer his life to the Titans than make living creatures suffer for
    supremacy.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: When the Titans see Sakka stopping, they think he has received reinforcements
    and flee back to the Abode of the Titans.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:13
  text: Sakka re-enters his heavenly city, and the Palace of Glory rises a thousand
    leagues in height.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:14
  text: 'Sakka places guards in five places between the cities: Snakes, Winged Creatures,
    Dwarfs, Ogres, and the Four Mighty Kings.'
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:15
  text: Piety, Thoughtful, and Pleasing are reborn as Sakka's attendants, and heavenly
    structures or places arise corresponding to their earlier gifts.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:16
  text: Because Well-born had done no act of virtue, she is reborn as a female crane
    in a forest pool; Sakka finds her and brings her to heaven.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Bodisat / Great Being / Sakka
  description: The Bodisat fulfills religious duties, is reborn as Sakka, king of
    the Gods, later fights the Titans and stops his chariot to spare young creatures.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Thoughtful
  description: A person who makes a pleasure ground and is later reborn as one of
    Sakka's attendants; a pleasure-ground named Thoughtful's Creeper Grove arises
    for her.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Pleasing
  description: A person who makes a pond with five kinds of water-lilies and is later
    reborn as one of Sakka's attendants; a pond named Pleasing arises for her.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Well-born
  description: A person who does nothing virtuous in the passage and is reborn as
    a female crane in a forest pool before Sakka brings her to heaven.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:10
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Titans
  description: Beings dwelling in the heaven of the Great Thirty Three who are made
    drunk, cast down to the Abode of the Titans, and later attempt to retake the heavenly
    city.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Mātali
  description: Sakka's charioteer who explains the cries of the young Winged Creatures
    and stops the chariot at Sakka's command.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Young of the Winged Creatures / Nestlings
  description: Young creatures in the Silk Cotton Tree Forest who fall and cry out
    when Sakka's chariot cuts down the trees.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Piety
  description: A person reborn as one of Sakka's attendants; because of her gift of
    the pinnacle, a jewelled hall of state named Piety arises for her.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Fivefold guards
  description: Snakes, Winged Creatures, Dwarfs, Ogres, and the Four Mighty Kings
    placed by Sakka to prevent the Titans from coming up again.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Angels / hosts of angels
  description: Heavenly beings surrounding Sakka in his heavenly city; the text also
    says Sakka performs duties toward angels and men.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: righteous practitioner
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Bodisat fulfills the seven religious duties and receives praise as a
    righteous man.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:2
  label: heavenly king
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: He is reborn as Sakka, king of the Gods, and later sits as king of the angels.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:9
- id: role:3
  label: compassionate self-sacrificing ruler
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: Sakka says he would rather give his life as a sacrifice than cause living
    creatures pain for supremacy.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:4
  label: meritorious donor rewarded in heaven
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:8
  basis: Their earlier gifts or works are followed by rebirth as Sakka's attendants
    and corresponding heavenly places or structures.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
- id: role:5
  label: non-virtuous person reborn lower
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The passage states Well-born had done no act of virtue and was reborn as
    a female crane.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:10
- id: role:6
  label: displaced rivals for heavenly city
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The Titans are expelled from heaven, then resolve to war against Sakka and
    win their heavenly city back.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:7
  label: charioteer and responder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Mātali explains the source of the cries and stops the chariot when Sakka
    commands it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:8
  label: vulnerable creatures spared
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The young Winged Creatures cry out in danger, and Sakka stops the chariot
    to prevent their suffering.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: role:9
  label: boundary guardians
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Sakka places them in five places to prevent the Titans from coming up again.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:10
  label: heavenly assembly
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: Sakka stands surrounded by hosts of angels and later performs duties toward
    angels and men.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: pleasure ground
  literal_form: A perfect pleasure ground with fruit-bearing and flowering trees.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
- id: sym:2
  label: pond with water-lilies
  literal_form: A pond covered with the five kinds of water-lilies.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
- id: sym:3
  label: heaven of the Great Thirty Three
  literal_form: The heaven where the Bodisat is reborn as Sakka and where Titans initially
    dwell.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: sym:4
  label: Mount Sineru
  literal_form: A mountain with precipices, a lowest level containing the Abode of
    the Titans, and perpendicular sides climbed by the Titans.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  - cosmic_mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:5
  label: Coral-Tree and Trumpet-Flower Tree
  literal_form: Contrasting blooming trees used by the Titans to identify whether
    they are in heaven or in the Abode of the Titans.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:6
  label: Chariot of Glory
  literal_form: Sakka's famous chariot, a hundred and fifty leagues in length, used
    during his flight from the Titans.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: Silk Cotton Tree Forest
  literal_form: A forest cut down by the swiftness of Sakka's chariot, causing young
    Winged Creatures to fall.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: sym:8
  label: Palace of Glory
  literal_form: A palace that bursts through the earth and rises a thousand leagues
    after Sakka's victory.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:9
  label: fivefold line of guards
  literal_form: Guards of Snakes, Winged Creatures, Dwarfs, Ogres, and the Four Mighty
    Kings between two unconquerable cities.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:9
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:10
  label: white canopy and golden throne
  literal_form: A throne of gold under a white canopy of state in the jewelled Hall
    of Piety.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:11
  label: forest pool
  literal_form: A pool in a certain forest where Well-born is reborn as a female crane.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Merit, praise, and rebirth as Sakka
  summary: Thoughtful and Pleasing create beneficial places, Well-born does nothing,
    and the Bodisat fulfills religious duties, receives praise, and is reborn as Sakka
    in the heaven of the Great Thirty Three.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Titans expelled from heaven
  summary: Sakka gives ambrosia to the Titans, has them cast down Mount Sineru, and
    they recognize their displacement by the presence of the Trumpet-Flower Tree instead
    of the heavenly Coral-Tree.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: War, flight, and the endangered nestlings
  summary: The Titans climb Sineru to retake the heavenly city, Sakka is defeated
    and flees in his Chariot of Glory, and the chariot's path through the Silk Cotton
    Tree Forest imperils young Winged Creatures.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Sakka stops the chariot and wins without further fighting
  summary: Sakka orders Mātali to stop the chariot so the young creatures are not
    harmed; the Titans misinterpret the stop as a sign of reinforcements and flee.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Palace and guarded boundary
  summary: Sakka returns to the heavenly city, the Palace of Glory rises, and Sakka
    places a fivefold guard to prevent the Titans' return.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:6
  label: Heavenly recompense and Well-born's lower rebirth
  summary: Piety, Thoughtful, and Pleasing are reborn as attendants with heavenly
    places corresponding to their gifts, while Well-born is reborn as a female crane
    until Sakka locates and brings her to heaven.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:10
  - sym:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Meritorious conduct rewarded by heavenly rebirth
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The Bodisat's religious duties are followed by rebirth as Sakka in heaven,
    and the women who made gifts are reborn as attendants with corresponding heavenly
    places.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage frames the outcome as rebirth and recompense for deeds; the
    available taxonomy term 'divine_judgment' is only approximate because no explicit
    judging deity is named.
- id: motif:2
  label: Lower rebirth after lack of virtue
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  basis: Well-born is said to have done no act of virtue and is reborn as a female
    crane in a forest pool.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage does not elaborate on a formal judgment scene.
- id: motif:3
  label: Compassionate self-sacrifice by a ruler
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacrifice
  basis: Sakka stops his chariot and declares he would rather give his life as a sacrifice
    to the Titans than cause living creatures suffering for supremacy.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The sacrifice remains offered or intended; Sakka does not actually die
    in the passage.
- id: motif:4
  label: Cosmic mountain as vertical boundary between heavens and rival realm
  taxonomy_refs:
  - cosmic_mountain
  - world_center
  basis: Mount Sineru has precipices, a lowest level containing the Abode of the Titans,
    and sides by which the Titans climb toward the heavenly city.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage gives vertical cosmological geography but does not explicitly
    call Sineru a world center.
- id: motif:5
  label: Displaced rivals attempt to reclaim heavenly city
  taxonomy_refs:
  - royal_legitimacy
  basis: The Titans say Sakka has taken their heavenly city and resolve to war against
    him to win it back.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is approximate; the passage depicts sovereignty
    conflict but not a formal legitimacy ritual.
- id: motif:6
  label: Moral wisdom expressed as household and speech duties
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The passage lists seven religious duties and praises the person who supports
    parents, honors seniors, speaks gently, avoids slander, and is true and self-controlled.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is an ethical-didactic motif rather than a narrative event motif.
- id: motif:7
  label: Guarded boundary after victory
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  basis: After Sakka's victory, a fivefold line of guards, including Snakes, Winged
    Creatures, Dwarfs, Ogres, and the Four Mighty Kings, is placed to stop the Titans
    from coming up again.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Only the serpent component matches an available symbol taxonomy; the broader
    boundary-guardian pattern has no exact supplied taxonomy reference.
- id: motif:8
  label: Gift mirrored by heavenly counterpart
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  basis: Piety's pinnacle, Thoughtful's pleasure-ground, and Pleasing's pond are followed
    by corresponding heavenly structures or places connected with their names.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage presents karmic consequence rather than an explicit reciprocal
    exchange contract.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 11905-11912
  quote_or_summary: Thoughtful makes a pleasure ground, Pleasing makes a pond, Well-born
    does nothing, and the Bodisat fulfills seven religious duties.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 11914-11924
  quote_or_summary: A stanza praises support of parents, honor to seniors, gentle
    speech, truth, and self-control; the Bodisat is reborn as Sakka in the heaven
    of the Great Thirty Three.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 11930-11944
  quote_or_summary: Sakka has the Titans made drunk with ambrosia and thrown down
    Mount Sineru to the Abode of the Titans, where they recognize the Trumpet-Flower
    Tree instead of heaven's Coral-Tree.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 11946-11956
  quote_or_summary: The Titans resolve to recover their heavenly city, climb Sineru,
    and Sakka, defeated in battle, flees in his Chariot of Glory.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 11958-11971
  quote_or_summary: Sakka's chariot cuts down the Silk Cotton Tree Forest; the young
    Winged Creatures cry out, and Mātali explains their distress to Sakka.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: quote
  locator: 11973-11982
  quote_or_summary: "“Rather will I, for their sake, give my life as a sacrifice to
    the Titans. Stop the car!”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 11984-11991
  quote_or_summary: Mātali turns back by another way; the Titans think Sakka has stopped
    because reinforcements are coming, become terrified, and flee.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 11993-12003
  quote_or_summary: Sakka re-enters the heavenly city, the Palace of Glory rises,
    and he places a fivefold guard of Snakes, Winged Creatures, Dwarfs, Ogres, and
    the Four Mighty Kings.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 12005-12022
  quote_or_summary: Piety, Thoughtful, and Pleasing are reborn as Sakka's attendants;
    a Hall of Piety, Thoughtful's Creeper Grove, and the Pond of Pleasing arise in
    connection with their gifts.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: 12024-12036
  quote_or_summary: Well-born, having done no act of virtue, is reborn as a female
    crane in a forest pool; Sakka discovers her, brings her to heaven, and shows her
    the heavenly city and its places.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Literal extraction is well supported by the supplied passage. Motif taxonomy
    assignments are cautious where available taxonomy terms are broader or approximate.
    No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not explicitly
    compare this narrative to another corpus or motif family.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  All evidence is drawn only from the supplied public-domain passage and metadata.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l11905-l12036
  passage_sha256=dfeaeb3bad72ce27c2bb895c2201af206bb5d70b865cacda3daed1a648439e2d