Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l11773-l11903

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l11773-l11903

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l11773-l11903
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: END OF THE STORY OF THE THOROUGHBRED. / END OF THE STORY OF THE FORD. / END
    OF THE STORY ON CONSTANCY. / END OF THE STORY OF THE BULL WHO WON THE BET.; lines
    11773-11903
  start: '11773'
  end: '11903'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The Bodisat, identified in the passage as Magha the young Brāhman, improves
    village spaces, reconciles thirty men, and leads them in the Five Commandments
    and public works. A village headman, angered by losing income from misconduct,
    falsely reports them as robbers to the king, who orders them trampled by elephants.
    The Bodisat exhorts the men to maintain the Commandments and show kindness even
    to the slanderer, king, and elephant; the elephants refuse to trample them. When
    asked for their spell, the Bodisat says their only spell is ethical conduct, love,
    giving, and public works. The king rewards them and punishes the slanderer. Later
    the men build a rest-house at a crossroads but exclude women from the merit. Piety,
    one of the Bodisat’s household women, arranges through the builder to supply the
    prepared pinnacle, and the hall is completed with her contribution.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The Bodisat repeatedly clears and smooths standing places until all thirty
    men have convenient room.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The Bodisat has a shed, then a hall with benches and a water-pot, put up in
    the village space.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The Bodisat reconciles the thirty men and confirms them in the Five Commandments.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: 'The villagers perform public works: removing road obstructions, making rough
    places plain, forming causeways, digging ponds, building public halls, giving
    gifts, and keeping the Commandments.'
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The village headman falsely tells the king that the men are robbers sacking
    villages.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The king orders the accused men to be trampled to death by elephants without
    inquiry.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: The Bodisat tells the men to keep the Commandments in mind and to regard the
    slanderer, the king, and the elephant with kindness like that they hold toward
    themselves.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: Elephants brought to trample the men refuse to begin, cry out, and run away.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:9
  text: When asked for their spell, the Bodisat states that their spell, defence,
    and strength consist in not killing, not stealing, avoiding unchastity, falsehood,
    and intoxicants, exercising love, giving gifts, making rough places plain, digging
    ponds, and building rest-houses.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:10
  text: The king trusts the men, gives them the slanderer’s property, makes the slanderer
    their slave, gives them the elephant, and grants them the village.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:11
  text: The men build a large rest-house at the place where the four roads meet, but
    initially allow no woman to share in the good work.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:12
  text: Piety gives the builder a bribe and asks him to arrange for her to have a
    share in the rest-house.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:13
  text: The builder prepares and hides a pinnacle beforehand, later claims a prepared
    pinnacle is needed, and the searchers find one on Piety’s premises.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:14
  text: The men refuse Piety’s offer at first because they had settled that women
    should have no share in the work.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:15
  text: The builder argues that, except in the heavenly world of the Brahma-angels,
    there is no place where womankind is not; the men accept the pinnacle and complete
    the hall.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
- id: obs:16
  text: The completed hall is furnished with benches, water-pots, boiled rice, a wall,
    a gate, sand, and a row of palmyra-trees outside.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Bodisat / Magha the young Brāhman
  description: The Bodisat who clears space, reconciles the men, confirms them in
    the Commandments, exhorts them before execution, and explains their ethical conduct
    as their spell.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Thirty men / villagers
  description: Thirty men who are reconciled by the Bodisat, keep the Commandments,
    perform public works, are falsely accused, and later build a rest-house.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:10
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Village headman / slanderer
  description: The village headman who resents losing gain from fines, taxes, and
    pot-money and falsely reports the men as robbers.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:9
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: King
  description: The ruler who first orders the accused men trampled by elephants and
    later rewards them after hearing the Bodisat’s explanation.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Elephants
  description: Elephants brought as instruments of execution who refuse to trample
    the men and run away.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Builder
  description: The builder hired for the crossroads rest-house who arranges for Piety’s
    prepared pinnacle to become necessary for completing the hall.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:14
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Piety
  description: One of four women in the Bodisat’s household who seeks a share in the
    rest-house by arranging to provide the prepared pinnacle.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Thoughtful, Pleasing, and Well-born
  description: The other three named women in the Bodisat’s household.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: ethical instructor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Bodisat confirms the men in the Five Commandments and tells them to keep
    the Commandments in mind before the elephant ordeal.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: public-benefit organizer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Bodisat initiates improved public spaces and describes road work, ponds,
    gifts, and rest-houses as the group’s practice.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
- id: role:3
  label: reconciled community workers
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The men are reconciled, keep the Commandments, and carry out collective works
    of piety and public utility.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
- id: role:4
  label: false accuser
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The village headman falsely tells the king that the men are robbers.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:5
  label: royal judge and rewarder
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: The king first orders punishment without inquiry, then gives rewards after
    hearing the Bodisat’s explanation.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:9
- id: role:6
  label: execution animals who refuse
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The elephants are brought to trample the men but will not perform the act
    and flee.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: role:7
  label: intermediary craftsman
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The builder prepares the conditions by which Piety’s pinnacle becomes necessary
    for completing the hall.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:14
- id: role:8
  label: excluded contributor seeking inclusion
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: Piety asks the builder to secure her a share in the rest-house after women
    have been excluded from the work.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: Five Commandments as spell
  literal_form: Ethical precepts named as the group’s spell, defence, and strength
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
- id: sym:2
  label: elephant ordeal
  literal_form: Elephants brought to trample the accused men
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
- id: sym:3
  label: crossroads rest-house
  literal_form: Large rest-house at the place where four roads met
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:15
- id: sym:4
  label: water for hospitality
  literal_form: Water-pot and pots of water placed in public halls
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:15
- id: sym:5
  label: pinnacle
  literal_form: Prepared timber pinnacle used to complete the hall
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: sym:6
  label: four roads
  literal_form: The place where four roads met
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: sym:7
  label: palmyra-trees
  literal_form: A row of palmyra-trees planted outside the completed hall
  associated_figures:
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Village space made usable and men reconciled
  summary: The Bodisat clears standing places for thirty men, arranges public shelter
    and water, reconciles the men, and confirms them in the Five Commandments.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Public works under the Bodisat’s exhortation
  summary: The villagers remove obstacles from roads and paths, make rough places
    plain, build causeways and halls, dig ponds, give gifts, and keep the Commandments.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: scene:3
  label: False accusation and royal death sentence
  summary: The village headman, angered by lost income from villagers’ former misconduct,
    accuses the men of being robbers, and the king orders their execution by elephants
    without inquiry.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Elephants refuse the execution
  summary: The Bodisat instructs the accused men to maintain the Commandments and
    kindness toward all involved; the elephants refuse to trample them and flee.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: The ethical spell explained and royal reversal
  summary: Asked for their spell, the Bodisat names non-harming, honesty, chastity,
    truthfulness, sobriety, love, gifts, and public works as their protection; the
    king trusts them and rewards them.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: scene:6
  label: Piety gains a share in the rest-house
  summary: After the men exclude women from the crossroads rest-house project, Piety
    arranges through the builder to provide the necessary pinnacle, and the hall is
    completed with her contribution.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
- id: scene:7
  label: Completed hall furnished for public use
  summary: The hall is supplied with benches, water-pots, boiled rice, a wall, a gate,
    sand, and palmyra-trees outside.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:15
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: ethical conduct as protective power
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The Bodisat identifies the group’s only spell, defence, and strength as non-harming,
    moral restraint, love, giving, and public works; this follows the elephants’ refusal
    to execute them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage uses the term spell, but the explanation is explicitly ethical
    rather than magical.
- id: motif:2
  label: false accusation overturned by demonstrated virtue
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The headman falsely accuses the men, the king orders punishment without inquiry,
    and after the Bodisat’s explanation the king trusts and rewards them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: No broader comparative claim is made from the passage alone.
- id: motif:3
  label: public works as communal piety
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The villagers’ pious conduct is described through road clearing, causeways,
    ponds, rest-houses, gifts, and keeping the Commandments.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a passage-level pattern rather than a mapped taxonomy motif family.
- id: motif:4
  label: excluded contributor completes sacred or meritorious work
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Women are initially excluded from the rest-house project, but Piety’s prepared
    pinnacle becomes necessary, and the hall is completed with it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  - ev:12
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage presents a stratagem for inclusion in a meritorious work;
    the label should not be expanded beyond this episode without external evidence.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11773-11781
  quote_or_summary: The Bodisat clears and smooths standing places, repeating the
    act until all thirty men have convenient standing room.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11782-11788
  quote_or_summary: The Bodisat has a shed and then a hall with benches and a water-pot
    built; he reconciles the thirty men and confirms them in the Five Commandments.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11789-11799
  quote_or_summary: The men rise early to remove stones and trees from roads, make
    rough places plain, build causeways, dig ponds, build halls, give gifts, and keep
    the Commandments.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11800-11811
  quote_or_summary: The village headman resents losing gain from fines, taxes, and
    pot-money and tells the king that robbers are sacking villages.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11812-11818
  quote_or_summary: The headman brings the men as prisoners, and the king orders them
    all trampled to death by elephants without asking what they had done.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: quote
  locator: lines 11819-11824
  quote_or_summary: "“Keep the Commandments in mind. Regard them all--the slanderer,
    and the king, and the elephant--with feelings as kind as you harbour towards yourselves!”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11825-11831
  quote_or_summary: Elephants are led up to the condemned men, but each refuses to
    begin the trampling, cries out, and runs away.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11832-11849
  quote_or_summary: Asked for their spell, the Bodisat says their spell, defence,
    and strength are that they do not kill, steal, commit unchastity, speak falsehood,
    or drink intoxicants; they practice love, give gifts, make rough places plain,
    dig ponds, and put up rest-houses.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11850-11854
  quote_or_summary: The king trusts the men, gives them the slanderer’s property,
    makes the slanderer their slave, gives them the elephant, and grants them the
    village.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11856-11863
  quote_or_summary: The men continue works of charity and build a large rest-house
    where four roads meet, but because they no longer delight in womankind, they allow
    no woman to share in the good work.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11864-11870
  quote_or_summary: Four women in the Bodisat’s household are named Piety, Thoughtful,
    Pleasing, and Well-born; Piety secretly gives the builder a bribe and asks for
    a share in the rest-house.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11871-11884
  quote_or_summary: The builder prepares a timber pinnacle in advance, wraps it and
    sets it aside, then later announces that a prepared pinnacle is needed for the
    hall.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11885-11894
  quote_or_summary: A finished pinnacle is found on Piety’s premises, but she will
    give it only if she is allowed to partake in building the hall; the men refuse
    because women were to have no share.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: quote
  locator: lines 11895-11900
  quote_or_summary: "“Save the heavenly world of the Brahma-angels, there is no place
    where womankind is not. Accept the pinnacle; and so will our work be accomplished!”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:15
  type: summary
  locator: lines 11900-11903
  quote_or_summary: The men accept the pinnacle, complete the hall, set benches and
    water-pots in it, provide boiled rice, surround it with a wall and gate, spread
    sand inside, and plant palmyra-trees outside.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied passage. Motif labels are passage-level
    candidates; no external comparative claims were added.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No comparison claims were recorded because the passage itself does not explicitly support a comparison to another named tradition or motif family beyond the available taxonomy candidate for wisdom.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l11773-l11903
  passage_sha256=cd1d12ae1284893080f9114bb3babc0716bf07b564cbc5123bc22832438a7f82