Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l10927-l11058

batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l10927-l11058

---
record_id: batch.motif.buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg-l10927-l11058
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
passage_locator:
  label: END OF THE STORY OF THE KURUNGA ANTELOPE. / END OF THE STORY OF THE DOG.
    / END OF THE STORY OF THE BHOJA THOROUGHBRED. / END OF THE STORY OF THE THOROUGHBRED.;
    lines 10927-11058
  start: '10927'
  end: '11058'
  translation: Buddhist birth stories; or, Jataka tales, Volume 1
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: A monk formerly born repeatedly in goldsmith families fails to benefit
    from meditation on impurity assigned by Sāriputta. The Buddha, said to know hearts
    and motives, gives the monk pleasing conditions and directs him to watch a beautiful
    lotus that he causes to decay. Seeing the flower fade and fall apart, the monk
    realizes the impermanence of composite things and attains Arahatship. The monks
    praise the Buddha's ability to know dispositions, and the Buddha introduces a
    former-life tale in which the Bodisat, as an adviser to King Brahma-datta, is
    asked to discover why the royal charger refuses to enter a ford after a common
    hack was rubbed down there.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: Sāriputta prescribed meditation on impurity for a junior monk, but the monk
    failed to grasp it after four months.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The passage explains the monk's difficulty by saying he had lived in goldsmith
    households for five hundred successive births and was habituated to seeing pure
    gold.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The Master states that Sāriputta does not understand the hearts and motives
    of men in this case.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The Master gives the monk better robes, keeps him near himself on the begging-round,
    gives him pleasant food, and later takes him to a mango-grove.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: In the mango-grove, the Master creates a pond with lotuses and one flower
    of exceptional size and beauty, and tells the monk to watch that flower.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The watched lotus fades, loses its color, drops its petals, falls apart at
    the heart, and leaves only the centre knob.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The monk reflects that if such a beautiful lotus can decay, his own body also
    can decay, and concludes that nothing composite is enduring.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: The Master sends an appearance of himself and recites a stanza instructing
    the monk to root out love of self and devote himself to the way of peace.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: At the end of the stanza, the monk reaches Arahatship and expresses joy at
    deliverance from future life.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: The brethren contrast Sāriputta's lack of knowledge of hearts and motives
    in this case with the Master's ability to procure Arahatship for the monk in one
    day.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: The Master says that he knew this man's disposition in a former time as well
    as now.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: In the introduced former-life tale, Brahma-datta reigns in Benares and the
    Bodisat serves as his adviser in spiritual and temporal matters.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:13
  text: A common hack is rubbed down at the ford where the king's state charger is
    usually bathed.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:14
  text: The state charger is offended by the previous presence of the hack at the
    ford and refuses to enter the water.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:15
  text: The king sends the Bodisat to find out why the horse will not go into the
    water at the ford.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: The Master / the Buddha / the Blessed One
  description: Teacher at Jetavana who knows the monk's disposition, creates the lotus
    scene, sends an appearance of himself, and later introduces a former-life tale.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Sāriputta / Minister of Righteousness
  description: Senior monk who assigns meditation on impurity to the junior monk and
    then brings him to the Master when it fails.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Junior monk formerly a goldsmith
  description: A monk under Sāriputta's rule, formerly born many times in goldsmith
    households, who attains Arahatship after contemplating the decaying lotus.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Brahma-datta
  description: King reigning in Benares in the former-life tale.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: The Bodisat
  description: Adviser to Brahma-datta in spiritual and temporal matters, sent to
    discover why the charger refuses the ford.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: King's state charger
  description: Royal horse that refuses to enter the ford after a common hack has
    been rubbed down there.
  role_refs:
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Common hack
  description: An ordinary horse rubbed down at the ford where the state charger is
    usually bathed.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Horsekeeper
  description: Person who reports to the king that the state charger will not enter
    the water.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: The brethren
  description: Monks who discuss and praise the Master's knowledge of dispositions
    in the Lecture Hall.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: knower of hearts and motives
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The passage says this knowledge belongs to Buddhas and depicts the Master
    knowing the monk's disposition.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: role:2
  label: tailored spiritual instructor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Master changes the monk's treatment and gives him a lotus-based exercise
    that leads to insight.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:3
  label: well-intentioned but mistaken instructor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: Sāriputta assigns an unsuitable meditation and brings the monk to the Master
    when it fails.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: role:4
  label: recipient of instruction leading to Arahatship
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The junior monk watches the decaying lotus, reflects on impermanence, and
    attains Arahatship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: king who commissions inquiry
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: Brahma-datta sends the Bodisat to discover why the horse will not enter the
    water.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: role:6
  label: wise royal adviser and investigator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The Bodisat is described as adviser in spiritual and temporal matters and
    is sent to determine the horse's reason for refusal.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:9
- id: role:7
  label: offended royal animal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: The state charger is offended that a common hack had been rubbed down at
    its bathing ford and refuses to enter.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:8
  label: low-status animal causing offense by prior use of place
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  basis: The common hack is rubbed down at the ford used by the king's state charger.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:9
  label: reporting attendant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The horsekeeper tells the king that the state charger will not enter the
    water.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:10
  label: witnessing monastic audience
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The brethren discuss the event and praise the power of the Buddhas.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: decaying lotus flower
  literal_form: One lotus flower of surpassing size and beauty that fades, loses color,
    drops petals, and falls apart while watched.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: sym:2
  label: created pond with lotuses
  literal_form: A pond created in the mango-grove, containing a large cluster of lotuses.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: sym:3
  label: autumn lotus uprooted by hand
  literal_form: The stanza compares rooting out love of self to taking an autumn lotus
    with the hand.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:4
  label: moon released from Rahu's jaws
  literal_form: A praise-hymn image comparing freedom to the moon after an eclipse
    has passed from Rahu's jaws.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:5
  label: sun dissipating clouds
  literal_form: A praise-hymn image of the thousand-rayed sun shedding light and dissipating
    clouds.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:6
  label: ford water
  literal_form: The ford and water where the king's state charger is usually bathed
    and refuses to enter.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Failed meditation and appeal to the Buddha
  summary: Sāriputta's assigned meditation on impurity fails for a monk formerly habituated
    to pure gold, so he brings the monk to the Master, who identifies Sāriputta's
    lack of knowledge of the monk's disposition.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Lotus contemplation in the mango-grove
  summary: The Master gives the monk pleasant support, creates a pond with lotuses
    in a mango-grove, and instructs him to watch a beautiful lotus as it decays.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Insight and Arahatship
  summary: Seeing the lotus decay, the monk reflects on the impermanence of his own
    body and of composite things; the Master sends a stanza, and the monk reaches
    Arahatship and praises liberation.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:3
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: scene:4
  label: Monastic discussion and transition to former-life tale
  summary: The brethren praise the Master's ability to know the monk's disposition,
    and the Master says he knew it formerly also before telling a tale.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:9
  symbol_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: scene:5
  label: The royal charger at the ford
  summary: In the former-life tale, King Brahma-datta's state charger refuses to enter
    the ford after a common hack has been rubbed down there, and the king sends the
    Bodisat to investigate.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Wisdom through knowledge of individual disposition
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The Master succeeds where Sāriputta fails because he knows the monk's hearts
    and motives and gives instruction suited to the monk's disposition.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage states the theme explicitly, but its full doctrinal framing
    belongs to the wider Jataka context not included here.
- id: motif:2
  label: Contemplation of a decaying beautiful object as a lesson in impermanence
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The monk watches a beautiful lotus decay and draws the conclusion that his
    own body and all composite things are not enduring.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy has no specific lotus or impermanence category, so the broader
    wisdom family is used.
- id: motif:3
  label: Liberating instruction delivered by an apparition or projected presence
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Without leaving his apartment, the Master sends an appearance of himself
    and recites a stanza after which the monk reaches Arahatship.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage describes an appearance but gives limited detail about its
    ontological status.
- id: motif:4
  label: Wise adviser discovers the hidden cause of an animal's refusal
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: The former-life tale begins with a royal horse refusing the ford and the
    king sending the Bodisat to find out why.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  confidence: medium
  cautions: Only the opening of the tale is included; the investigation and resolution
    are outside the provided passage.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself frames the former-life horse-at-the-ford episode as a
    precedent for the present episode of knowing a being's disposition or hidden motive.
  claim_level: same_function
  target: Present-life instruction of the monk and former-life inquiry into the royal
    charger's refusal
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: medium
  limitations: The supplied passage includes only the beginning of the former-life
    tale, so the exact resolution of the parallel is not present.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10927-11058
  quote_or_summary: Sāriputta assigns meditation on impurity to the junior monk; the
    monk fails for four months, and the text connects this to five hundred former
    births in goldsmith households and long habituation to pure gold.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: quote
  locator: lines 10927-11058
  quote_or_summary: "“O Sāriputta! you don’t understand the hearts and motives of
    men.”"
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10927-11058
  quote_or_summary: The Master gives the monk better robes and pleasant food, takes
    him to a mango-grove, creates a pond with lotuses, and tells him to sit and watch
    one exceptionally beautiful flower.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10927-11058
  quote_or_summary: The flower decays before the monk's eyes; he observes its fading
    and falling apart and reflects that his body too is subject to decay and that
    nothing composite endures.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10927-11058
  quote_or_summary: The Master sends an appearance of himself and recites a stanza
    about rooting out self-love like an autumn lotus; when the stanza ends, the monk
    attains Arahatship and praises liberation with images of the moon freed from Rahu
    and the sun dispelling clouds.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10927-11058
  quote_or_summary: The brethren praise the Buddha for knowing the monk's disposition
    and gaining Arahatship for him in one day; the Master replies that he knew this
    man's disposition formerly also and begins a tale.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10927-11058
  quote_or_summary: The former-life tale opens with Brahma-datta reigning in Benares
    and the Bodisat serving as his adviser in spiritual and temporal matters.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10927-11058
  quote_or_summary: A common hack is rubbed down at the ford where the king's state
    charger is usually bathed; the charger is offended and refuses to enter the water.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 10927-11058
  quote_or_summary: The horsekeeper reports the refusal to the king, and the king
    sends the Bodisat to find out why the horse will not enter the water at the ford.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/buddhist/project-gutenberg/buddhist-birth-stories-volume-1-rhys-davids.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: medium
  notes: The present-life episode is complete enough for confident extraction. The
    former-life horse tale is only beginning in the supplied range, limiting motif
    and comparison confidence for that section.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Only provided passage text and supplied taxonomy references were used. No external Jataka material was added.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:buddhist-jataka-birth-stories-rhys-davids-gutenberg__l10927-l11058
  passage_sha256=423947a299971edf15880ef0533bd71d98ae3efaf23e9fa28fdb3dff1b7cca22