Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.islamicate-folklore-arabian-nights-lang-gutenberg-l1972-l2079

batch.motif.islamicate-folklore-arabian-nights-lang-gutenberg-l1972-l2079

---
record_id: batch.motif.islamicate-folklore-arabian-nights-lang-gutenberg-l1972-l2079
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
passage_locator:
  label: The Arabian Nights Entertainments; lines 1972-2079
  start: '1972'
  end: '2079'
  translation: The Arabian Nights Entertainments
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: A dispossessed narrator recounts how a hostile vizir mutilated him, ordered
    his execution, and caused his exile. After being spared by the executioner, he
    reaches his uncle’s kingdom, reveals the secret of the uncle’s vanished son, and
    descends with the uncle into an underground tomb where the son and a lady lie
    half-burned. Soon afterward the same usurping vizir invades, kills the uncle,
    and forces the narrator to escape, disguise himself as a calender, travel to Bagdad,
    and join two other calenders as companions in misfortune.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The narrator says the rebel vizir hated him from boyhood because the narrator
    had accidentally shot out the vizir’s eye while shooting at a bird.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: The vizir visits the narrator in prison and tears out the narrator’s right
    eye.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The vizir has the narrator shut in a large case and orders an executioner
    to take him to a desert place, behead him, and leave his body to birds of prey.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: The executioner spares the narrator after his tears and prayers and commands
    him to leave the kingdom immediately and never return.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:5
  text: The narrator travels slowly and cautiously, resting by day in out-of-the-way
    places and walking by night until he reaches his uncle’s kingdom.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The uncle is grieving because his son has disappeared without leaving a trace.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: The narrator breaks a solemn oath to the prince and tells his uncle what he
    knows about the prince’s secret tomb.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:8
  text: The uncle and narrator go alone, through a garden door opening onto the cemetery,
    to find the tomb.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:9
  text: Inside the tomb they find a trap-door leading to a staircase; the prince had
    fastened the door underneath with plaster.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:10
  text: At the bottom of the stairs they enter an ante-room filled with dense smoke,
    then pass into a brightly lit large chamber.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:11
  text: On a platform in the chamber are the bodies of the prince and a lady, both
    half-burned as if pulled from a fire before being fully consumed.
  category: object
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:12
  text: The uncle says his son was attached to a lady whom he could not marry and
    that the two have been united by a horrible death in an underground tomb.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:13
  text: An army led by the vizir who had dethroned the narrator’s father approaches
    and seizes the uncle’s kingdom.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:14
  text: The uncle fights but is overpowered and falls; the narrator escapes through
    a secret passage and takes refuge with a trusted officer.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:15
  text: The narrator shaves his beard and eyebrows, puts on the dress of a calender,
    and travels in disguise toward Bagdad.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:16
  text: At sunset at the gates of Bagdad, the narrator meets two other newly arrived
    calenders, and the three resolve to share their fate as brothers in misfortune.
  category: relationship
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: narrator / nephew
  description: A dispossessed man who loses his right eye, is spared from execution,
    travels to his uncle, discovers the tomb, escapes invasion, disguises himself
    as a calender, and reaches Bagdad.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  - role:5
  - role:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:5
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: rebel vizir
  description: The narrator’s enemy, formerly injured by the narrator by accident;
    he mutilates the narrator, orders his execution, and later commands the army that
    seizes the uncle’s kingdom.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: executioner
  description: The man ordered to kill the narrator, who instead lets him go on condition
    that he leave the kingdom.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: executioner’s companion
  description: Another man who accompanies the executioner and the boxed narrator
    into the country.
  role_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: uncle
  description: The narrator’s uncle, grieving father of the vanished prince; he searches
    the tomb with the narrator and is later killed resisting invasion.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: uncle’s son / prince
  description: The uncle’s vanished son, said to have built a secret tomb and found
    half-burned there with a lady.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: lady in the tomb
  description: A lady whom the prince loved but could not marry; her half-burned body
    is found beside his in the underground chamber.
  role_refs:
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: trusted officer
  description: An officer with whom the narrator takes refuge after escaping through
    a secret passage.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Caliph Haroun-al-Raschid
  description: The famous and powerful caliph whose protection the narrator intends
    to seek in Bagdad.
  role_refs:
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: two other calenders
  description: Two other newly arrived strangers in Bagdad who join the narrator as
    companions in misfortune.
  role_refs:
  - role:12
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: persecuted narrator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The narrator is imprisoned, mutilated, nearly executed, exiled, and later
    displaced again by invasion.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:2
  label: personal enemy and mutilator
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The vizir hates the narrator and tears out his right eye while he is imprisoned.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: role:3
  label: executioner who grants reprieve
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The executioner is ordered to kill the narrator but spares him and tells
    him to leave the kingdom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: role:4
  label: grieving father
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The uncle is troubled by the disappearance of his son and weeps with the
    narrator.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:7
- id: role:5
  label: witness and guide to hidden tomb
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The narrator reveals what he knows about the prince’s secret tomb and accompanies
    the uncle to it.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: usurping commander
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The same vizir who dethroned the narrator’s father arrives as commander of
    an army to seize the uncle’s kingdom.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:7
  label: defeated ruler or defender
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The uncle fights for his life during the invasion but is overpowered and
    falls.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:8
  label: disguised calender wanderer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The narrator shaves his beard and eyebrows, puts on calender dress, and travels
    without being known.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:9
  label: forbidden lovers found dead
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  basis: The uncle says the prince loved the lady but could not marry her, and their
    half-burned bodies are found together in the tomb.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: role:10
  label: temporary protector
  assigned_to:
  - fig:8
  basis: The narrator takes refuge with an officer he trusts after escaping the invasion.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: role:11
  label: hoped-for royal protector
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: The narrator intends to seek the caliph’s help and protection in Bagdad.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: role:12
  label: companions in misfortune
  assigned_to:
  - fig:10
  basis: The other calenders are newly arrived strangers, and the three agree to cast
    in their lots together.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: lost right eye
  literal_form: The narrator’s right eye torn out by the vizir.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: large case for execution journey
  literal_form: A large case in which the narrator is shut before being carried toward
    a desert execution site.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:3
  label: desert execution place
  literal_form: A desert place chosen for beheading and abandonment of the body to
    birds of prey.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: sym:4
  label: underground tomb
  literal_form: A secret tomb in the cemetery with a trap-door, staircase, ante-room,
    and chamber below ground.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: sym:5
  label: trap-door and staircase
  literal_form: A trap-door fastened with plaster underneath and a staircase descending
    into the tomb.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: sym:6
  label: smoke-filled ante-room
  literal_form: A dense smoke filling the ante-room at the bottom of the stairs.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:7
  label: fire
  literal_form: The half-burned bodies of the prince and lady appear to have been
    dragged out of a fire before being fully consumed.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  taxonomy_refs:
  - fire
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:8
  label: calender disguise
  literal_form: Shaved beard and eyebrows and the dress of a calender used to travel
    without being recognized.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: sym:9
  label: secret passage
  literal_form: A hidden route by which the narrator escapes after his uncle falls.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: sym:10
  label: Bagdad city gates at sunset
  literal_form: The gates of Bagdad at sunset, where the narrator meets the other
    calenders.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Mutilation by the hostile vizir
  summary: The narrator explains the vizir’s long hatred and how the vizir tore out
    his right eye while he was imprisoned.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: scene:2
  label: Condemnation, reprieve, and exile
  summary: The narrator is boxed and taken toward a desert execution site, but the
    executioner spares him and tells him to leave the kingdom permanently.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: scene:3
  label: Arrival at the uncle’s kingdom and disclosure of the secret
  summary: The narrator reaches his uncle, learns of the son’s disappearance, and
    breaks his oath by telling what he knows about the prince’s secret tomb.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:4
  label: Descent into the underground tomb
  summary: The uncle and narrator secretly enter the cemetery tomb, raise the trap-door,
    descend the staircase, pass through smoke, and find the prince and lady half-burned
    on a platform.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:7
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
- id: scene:5
  label: Invasion and second escape
  summary: An army led by the usurping vizir captures the uncle’s kingdom; the uncle
    falls, and the narrator escapes through a secret passage to a trusted officer.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:5
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: scene:6
  label: Disguise as a calender and arrival in Bagdad
  summary: The narrator adopts calender appearance, journeys to Bagdad to seek the
    caliph’s protection, and meets two other calenders with whom he agrees to share
    fate.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:8
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Reprieved condemned man sent into exile
  taxonomy_refs:
  - departure
  basis: The narrator is ordered to be executed in a desert place but is spared by
    the executioner on condition that he leave the kingdom and never return.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  confidence: high
  cautions: The taxonomy label captures the enforced departure, not a voluntary quest
    departure.
- id: motif:2
  label: Descent into hidden underground tomb
  taxonomy_refs:
  - hero_descent
  basis: The narrator and uncle enter a tomb, lift a trap-door, descend stairs, pass
    through smoke, and encounter the dead lovers in an underground chamber.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The descent is literal and investigative; the passage does not frame it
    as an underworld journey.
- id: motif:3
  label: Forbidden lovers united in death
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The uncle says the prince loved a lady whom he could not marry, and their
    bodies are found together half-burned in the underground tomb.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:7
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage reports the lovers’ death but does not give the full circumstances
    of how the fire began.
- id: motif:4
  label: Flight through secret passage after royal defeat
  taxonomy_refs:
  - return
  basis: When the invading vizir’s army captures the kingdom and the uncle falls,
    the narrator escapes through a secret passage and seeks refuge.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The taxonomy reference is only approximate; the passage emphasizes escape
    and displacement rather than a completed return.
- id: motif:5
  label: Disguise as wandering calender to evade enemies
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The narrator shaves his beard and eyebrows, adopts calender dress, and travels
    without being recognized.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  confidence: high
  cautions: No supernatural transformation is involved; it is a social disguise.
- id: motif:6
  label: Companions bound by shared misfortune
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: At Bagdad, the narrator and two other newly arrived calenders recognize one
    another as strangers and resolve to cast in their lots together as brothers in
    misfortune.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: high
  cautions: The passage does not yet narrate the other calenders’ misfortunes in detail.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 1972-1980
  quote_or_summary: The vizir hates the narrator because of an accidental childhood
    injury to his eye, later comes to the narrator in prison, and tears out the narrator’s
    right eye.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 1981-1995
  quote_or_summary: The vizir orders the narrator boxed, taken to a desert place,
    beheaded, and left for birds of prey, but the executioner and companion are moved
    by his pleas, and the executioner lets him go if he leaves the kingdom forever.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 1996-2001
  quote_or_summary: The narrator travels cautiously, resting by day and walking by
    night, until he arrives in the kingdom of his uncle.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 2002-2013
  quote_or_summary: The uncle grieves over his son’s disappearance; the narrator decides
    to break a solemn oath to the prince and tells the uncle what he knows, giving
    him hope about a secret tomb.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 2014-2024
  quote_or_summary: The uncle and narrator disguise themselves, leave through a garden
    door to the cemetery, find the tomb, enter it, and discover a trap-door leading
    to a staircase fastened underneath with plaster.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 2025-2034
  quote_or_summary: At the bottom of the stairs they enter a smoke-filled ante-room
    and then a bright chamber with a platform holding the half-burned bodies of the
    prince and a lady.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 2035-2045
  quote_or_summary: The uncle says his son loved a lady whom he could not marry; he
    had tried to redirect the son’s attention, but the prince and lady have now been
    united by a horrible death in an underground tomb.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 2046-2061
  quote_or_summary: After returning to the palace, drums and trumpets announce an
    approaching army led by the vizir who dethroned the narrator’s father; the capital
    opens its gates, the uncle falls in battle, and the narrator escapes through a
    secret passage to a trusted officer.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 2062-2071
  quote_or_summary: For safety the narrator shaves his beard and eyebrows, dresses
    as a calender, avoids towns, reaches the realm of Caliph Haroun-al-Raschid, and
    intends to seek help and protection in Bagdad.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: 2072-2079
  quote_or_summary: At sunset at Bagdad’s gates the narrator meets another calender
    and then a third; all are newly arrived strangers, and they agree to share whatever
    fate awaits them as brothers in misfortune.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/islamicate-folklore/project-gutenberg/arabian-nights-lang.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summary generated from supplied passage.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: Extraction is based entirely on the supplied passage. Motif taxonomy assignments
    are cautious where available categories only partially match the literal episode.
    No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not make an explicit
    comparative claim.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-29'
notes: |-
  All evidence is summarized from the provided public-domain passage. Taxonomy references are limited to the supplied available lists.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:islamicate-folklore-arabian-nights-lang-gutenberg__l1972-l2079
  passage_sha256=5a55da2415ded3e41cf2f9f24cad1bcb2fa2c53747d198268044870bf4b1f62a