Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.ainu-folk-tales-chamberlain-gutenberg-l1719-l1809

batch.motif.ainu-folk-tales-chamberlain-gutenberg-l1719-l1809

---
record_id: batch.motif.ainu-folk-tales-chamberlain-gutenberg-l1719-l1809
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
passage_locator:
  label: AINO FOLK-LORE. / I.--TALES ACCOUNTING FOR THE ORIGIN OF PHENOMENA. / II.--MORAL
    TALES. / IV.--MISCELLANEOUS TALES.; lines 1719-1809
  start: '1719'
  end: '1809'
  translation: Aino Folk-Tales
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: The passage concludes a tale in which an Aino man is carried by a fleet,
    returned to his native place, and later learns in a dream that the chief of the
    salmon, a divine fish, rescued him and requires rice-beer offerings, divine symbols,
    and worship. It then tells of a young hunter who pursues a bear into a mountain
    hole, enters an underground world called Hades, eats its fruit, becomes a serpent,
    receives dream-instruction from a pine-tree goddess, regains human form by climbing
    and falling from the pine, returns home, and then learns that a goddess in Hades
    had lured him there in bear form because she wished to marry him. He becomes sick
    and returns to Hades permanently.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: A fleet of about five score boats carries crowds of men and women; the Aino
    hides in one boat while the boats travel with song.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: At a river mouth, people draw water with dippers and praise its taste; half
    the fleet goes up the river.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:3
  text: The boat carrying the Aino reaches his native place, and the sailors throw
    him into the water; afterward the boat and sailors disappear.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:4
  text: In a dream, an old chief states that he is not human but the chief of the
    salmon, the divine fish, and that he saved the Aino from dying in the waves.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:5
  text: The salmon chief says that what seemed like one night was actually a whole
    year.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:6
  text: The salmon chief asks for rice-beer offerings, divine symbols in his honor,
    and worship by a specified libation formula, warning that non-worship will make
    the man poor.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:7
  text: A young hunter pursues a large bear into dangerous mountain heights until
    the bear disappears down a hole on a bleak mountain summit.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:8
  text: The hunter follows the bear into the hole, passes through an immense cavern
    with light at the far end, and emerges into another world resembling the human
    world but more beautiful.
  category: setting
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: The hunter seeks the vanished bear in the underground world's remoter mountain
    district and eats grapes and mulberries from trees while tired and hungry.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:10
  text: After eating the fruit, the hunter discovers that he has been transformed
    into a serpent, and his cries become hisses.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: The transformed hunter returns to the cavern entrance and sleeps at the foot
    of an extraordinarily large and high pine-tree.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:12
  text: The goddess of the pine-tree appears in a dream and tells him that he ate
    poisonous fruits of Hades and may recover his shape by climbing the pine and throwing
    himself down.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
- id: obs:13
  text: The serpent-hunter climbs the pine-tree, throws himself down, regains consciousness
    as a human, and finds nearby an immense serpent body ripped open as if he had
    crawled out of it.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:11
- id: obs:14
  text: After thanking the pine-tree and setting up divine symbols in its honor, the
    hunter returns through the tunnel-like cavern to the human world and mountain-top.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: obs:15
  text: At home, the hunter dreams again of the pine-tree goddess, who says he cannot
    stay long in the human world after eating Hades' grapes and mulberries.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:16
  text: The pine-tree goddess says that a goddess in Hades, wishing to marry the hunter,
    assumed bear form and lured him into the cavern and underworld.
  category: speech
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: obs:17
  text: The hunter awakens, becomes gravely sick, goes a second time to Hades after
    a few days, and does not return to the land of the living.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:14
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Aino man
  description: An Aino who hides in a boat, is carried back to his native place, and
    receives a dream message from the divine chief of the salmon.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Chief of the salmon, the divine fish
  description: A dream-appearing old chief who identifies himself as the chief of
    the salmon and a divine fish; he says he rescued the Aino and demands worship.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Boat people and sailors
  description: Crowds of men and women in a fleet of boats; sailors in the Aino's
    boat throw him into the water and then disappear.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Young hunter
  description: A handsome, brave, skillful hunter who pursues a bear, enters Hades,
    becomes a serpent, regains human form, returns home, and later goes back to Hades
    permanently.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  - role:6
  - role:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
  - ev:14
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Large bear / goddess in Hades
  description: A large bear pursued by the hunter; later the pine-tree goddess says
    a goddess in Hades assumed bear form to lure him because she wished to marry him.
  role_refs:
  - role:8
  - role:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:13
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Goddess of the pine-tree
  description: A goddess associated with the pine-tree who appears twice in dreams,
    first advising the serpent-hunter how to recover human form and later explaining
    that he cannot remain in the human world.
  role_refs:
  - role:10
  - role:11
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: rescued recipient and obligated worshipper
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  basis: The Aino is saved from danger in the waves and instructed to make offerings
    and worship the salmon chief.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: role:2
  label: divine rescuer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: The salmon chief says he drew the Aino to him and saved his life when he
    was in danger of dying in the waves.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: role:3
  label: divine patron demanding cult honor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:2
  basis: He requests rice-beer offerings, divine symbols, and libation worship, with
    a warning of poverty for refusal.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:4
  label: otherworldly transporters
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  basis: The boat people transport the Aino and then disappear after throwing him
    into the water at his native place.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: role:5
  label: hunter and pursuer
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: He is described as skillful in the chase and pursues the bear into the mountains.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:6
  label: underworld visitor
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: He enters an underground world through a mountain hole and cavern.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: role:7
  label: transformed and restored human
  assigned_to:
  - fig:4
  basis: After becoming a serpent, he follows the pine-tree goddess's instruction
    and emerges human from a serpent body.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: role:8
  label: luring shapeshifter
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The pine-tree goddess says the Hades goddess assumed bear form and lured
    the hunter into the cavern and underworld.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: role:9
  label: divine would-be bride
  assigned_to:
  - fig:5
  basis: The same goddess is said to wish to marry the hunter.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
- id: role:10
  label: dream guide
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: She appears in dreams to give explanation and instructions.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
- id: role:11
  label: restorer through ritualized ordeal
  assigned_to:
  - fig:6
  basis: Her advice leads the serpent-hunter to regain human form by climbing and
    falling from the pine-tree.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: river-mouth water
  literal_form: Water drawn with dippers from the mouth of a river and praised by
    the boat passengers.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: sym:2
  label: rice-beer libation
  literal_form: Rice-beer offered to the chief of the salmon with a libation formula.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:3
  label: divine symbols for salmon chief
  literal_form: Divine symbols set up in honor of the chief of the salmon.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: sym:4
  label: mountain entrance
  literal_form: A hole in the ground on a bleak mountain summit through which the
    bear disappears and the hunter enters.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs:
  - mountain
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: cavern passage to Hades
  literal_form: An immense cavern and later a long tunnel-like cavern connecting the
    mountain-top with the underworld.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - cave
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  - ev:12
- id: sym:6
  label: poisonous fruits of Hades
  literal_form: Grapes and mulberries of Hades eaten by the hunter before his transformation
    and later linked to his inability to remain in the human world.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
- id: sym:7
  label: serpent form and serpent body
  literal_form: The hunter's transformed serpent body and the immense ripped-open
    serpent body left after his restoration.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:11
- id: sym:8
  label: pine-tree
  literal_form: An extraordinarily large and high pine-tree at the cavern entrance,
    associated with a goddess and used in the hunter's restoration.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs:
  - tree
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: sym:9
  label: divine symbols for pine-tree
  literal_form: Divine symbols set up by the restored hunter in honor of the pine-tree.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: sym:10
  label: bear form
  literal_form: The form of a large bear assumed by a goddess in Hades to lure the
    hunter.
  associated_figures:
  - fig:5
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:13
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Fleet voyage and return of the Aino
  summary: The Aino hides in one boat of a large fleet, witnesses water being drawn
    at a river mouth, is carried to his native place, and is thrown into the water
    before the boat and sailors vanish.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:3
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Dream revelation of the salmon chief
  summary: The Aino dreams that the old chief is the divine chief of the salmon, who
    saved him, altered his sense of time, and demands offerings, divine symbols, and
    worship.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Pursuit of bear into mountain underworld
  summary: A young hunter pursues a large bear into the mountains; the bear disappears
    into a hole, and the hunter follows through a cavern into a beautiful underground
    world.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Eating Hades fruit and serpent transformation
  summary: Seeking the bear in the underground world, the hunter eats grapes and mulberries,
    then discovers he has become a serpent whose cries are hisses.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:7
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
- id: scene:5
  label: Pine-tree goddess restores human form
  summary: At the pine-tree near the cavern entrance, the serpent-hunter dreams of
    the pine-tree goddess, climbs and falls from the tree as instructed, and regains
    human form by leaving a serpent body behind.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:7
  - sym:8
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
- id: scene:6
  label: Return to human world and cult honor to pine-tree
  summary: The restored hunter thanks the pine-tree, sets up divine symbols, retraces
    the cavern passage, and emerges at the mountain-top in the human world.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:5
  - sym:8
  - sym:9
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:12
- id: scene:7
  label: Second dream and permanent return to Hades
  summary: At home, the hunter dreams that the pine-tree goddess says a Hades goddess
    lured him in bear form to marry him and that he cannot remain after eating Hades
    fruit; he becomes sick and returns to Hades without coming back.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:6
  - sym:10
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: Divine aquatic rescuer establishes worship obligation
  taxonomy_refs:
  - sacred_exchange
  - divine_judgment
  basis: The chief of the salmon says he saved the Aino from the waves and requires
    rice-beer, divine symbols, and libation worship, warning of poverty if ignored.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage provides a cult-demand pattern, but no broader comparative
    context is supplied.
- id: motif:2
  label: Underworld descent through mountain cave
  taxonomy_refs:
  - hero_descent
  - afterlife_journey_map
  - cave
  - mountain
  basis: The hunter follows a bear through a mountain hole and cavern into an underground
    world called Hades.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: The title and translation use 'Hades'; the extraction treats it as the
    passage's underworld term without inferring Greek influence.
- id: motif:3
  label: Otherworld food causes transformation and non-return
  taxonomy_refs:
  - death_rebirth
  basis: After eating grapes and mulberries of Hades, the hunter becomes a serpent
    and later is told he cannot remain in the human world because he ate them.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:13
  - ev:14
  confidence: high
  cautions: Available taxonomy lacks a precise 'food of the dead' category; death_rebirth
    is partial because the passage includes transformation, restoration, illness,
    and final departure.
- id: motif:4
  label: Human transformed into serpent and restored through tree ordeal
  taxonomy_refs:
  - serpent
  - sacred_tree_axis
  - death_rebirth
  - tree
  basis: The hunter becomes a serpent, is instructed by the pine-tree goddess to climb
    and fall from the tree, and regains human form while an opened serpent body remains.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
  - ev:11
  confidence: high
  cautions: The tree-axis interpretation is limited to the pine-tree's role as a vertical
    means of restoration, not explicitly a world-axis in the passage.
- id: motif:5
  label: Shapeshifting divine woman lures human beloved to underworld
  taxonomy_refs:
  - shapeshifter
  - divine_beloved
  - stolen_beloved
  basis: The pine-tree goddess says a goddess in Hades assumed bear form, lured the
    hunter into the cavern and underworld, and wished to marry him.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:13
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage states luring and wished marriage, but does not narrate an
    actual marriage.
- id: motif:6
  label: Dream instruction by local deity
  taxonomy_refs:
  - wisdom
  basis: Both the salmon chief and pine-tree goddess convey crucial knowledge and
    ritual instructions through dreams.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:10
  - ev:13
  confidence: medium
  cautions: This is a recurring pattern within the passage range, but the taxonomy
    reference is broad.
comparison_claims: []
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1719-1728
  quote_or_summary: A fleet of about five score boats carries crowds; the Aino hides
    in one boat, hears singing, and sees people draw and praise water at a river mouth.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1729-1735
  quote_or_summary: The Aino's boat reaches his native place; sailors throw him into
    the water, and the boat and sailors disappear.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:3
  type: quote
  locator: lines 1735-1743
  quote_or_summary: '"I am no human being. I am the chief of the salmon, the divine
    fish." He says he saved the Aino from the waves and that one night was actually
    a whole year.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1743-1751
  quote_or_summary: The divine old man asks the Aino to offer rice-beer, set up divine
    symbols, and worship him with a libation formula; he warns that failure will make
    the Aino poor.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1755-1763
  quote_or_summary: A skilled young hunter pursues a large bear through dangerous
    mountain heights until it disappears into a hole on a bleak mountain summit.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1763-1771
  quote_or_summary: The hunter follows into an immense cavern, moves toward a light,
    and emerges in another world like the human world but more beautiful, with trees,
    houses, villages, and human beings.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1771-1777
  quote_or_summary: The hunter searches a remoter mountain district of the underground
    world and eats grapes and mulberries from trees while tired and hungry.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1778-1785
  quote_or_summary: He looks at his body, finds himself transformed into a serpent,
    and his cries and groans become serpent hisses.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1785-1789
  quote_or_summary: Unable to think of a plan, he creeps back to the cavern entrance
    and sleeps at the foot of an extraordinarily large and high pine-tree.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:10
  type: quote
  locator: lines 1790-1796
  quote_or_summary: 'The pine-tree goddess says: "Why did you eat of the poisonous
    fruits of Hades?" and instructs him to climb the pine-tree and fling himself down
    to recover his shape.'
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; short quotation used.
- id: ev:11
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1797-1805
  quote_or_summary: The snake-hunter climbs the pine, throws himself down, regains
    consciousness as a human, and sees an immense ripped-open serpent body nearby.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:12
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1805-1811
  quote_or_summary: He thanks the pine-tree, sets up divine symbols in its honor,
    and returns through the tunnel-like cavern to the human world and mountain-top.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:13
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1812-1823
  quote_or_summary: In a second dream, the pine-tree goddess says he cannot stay long
    after eating Hades' fruit; a goddess in Hades wished to marry him and had assumed
    bear form to lure him underground.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
- id: ev:14
  type: summary
  locator: lines 1824-1828
  quote_or_summary: The hunter wakes, becomes gravely sick, goes a second time to
    Hades after a few days, and does not return to the land of the living.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/ainu/project-gutenberg/aino-folk-tales-chamberlain.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; summarized.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: uncertain
  notes: Extraction is based directly on the supplied passage. Some evidence locators
    extend slightly beyond the supplied end label because the provided passage text
    includes the end of the hunter tale past line 1809. Motif taxonomy assignments
    are cautious where available categories are broad.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  No comparison claims were added because the passage itself does not explicitly compare the tale to an external tradition or corpus; taxonomy references are limited to supplied available refs.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:ainu-folk-tales-chamberlain-gutenberg__l1719-l1809
  passage_sha256=db5d6674400c2924c9529aef4565a05c58800283f5a10239e9c82495b8369d95