Comparative mythology corpus

batch.motif.roman-aeneid-mackail-gutenberg-l7586-l7627

batch.motif.roman-aeneid-mackail-gutenberg-l7586-l7627

---
record_id: batch.motif.roman-aeneid-mackail-gutenberg-l7586-l7627
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
passage_locator:
  label: BOOK TENTH / THE BATTLE ON THE BEACH / BOOK ELEVENTH / THE COUNCIL OF THE
    LATINS, AND THE LIFE AND DEATH OF CAMILLA; lines 7586-7627
  start: '7586'
  end: '7627'
  translation: The Aeneid of Virgil
  notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
    human review required.
canonical_text:
  quote: ''
  summary: Trojan and Etruscan cavalry approach the walls and engage Latin, Rutulian,
    and allied cavalry. The mounted lines charge, exchange missiles, advance and retreat
    like the sea, then lock together in close combat with named warriors and horses
    falling amid heavy bloodshed.
  language: English
  quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
  text: The Trojan force nears the walls with Etruscan captains and cavalry in ordered
    squadrons.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
- id: obs:2
  text: Messapus, the Latin horse, Coras and his brother, and Camilla's squadron come
    out onto the plain against them.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: obs:3
  text: The opposing forces come within javelin-cast, shout, charge, and weapons fall
    thickly from all sides.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
- id: obs:4
  text: Tyrrhenus and Aconteus charge with crossing spears and are the first to fall.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:5
  text: Aconteus is thrown off and dies after the collision.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: obs:6
  text: The Latin lines waver and turn toward the town while the Trojans pursue under
    Asilas.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: obs:7
  text: 'The battle movement alternates: Tuscans drive the Rutulians toward the town
    twice, and twice they are repelled.'
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:8
  text: The alternating advance and retreat is compared to the sea running up to shore
    and then swirling back.
  category: other
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: obs:9
  text: In the third encounter the lines lock together, individual combatants engage,
    and bodies, armour, wounded horses, and men are mixed in blood.
  category: sequence
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
- id: obs:10
  text: Orsilochus strikes Remulus' horse with a spear, and Remulus is thrown to the
    ground.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: obs:11
  text: Catillus strikes down Iollas and Herminius.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:12
  text: Herminius is described as mighty, bareheaded, tawny-haired, bare-shouldered,
    and open to wounds.
  category: attribute
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: obs:13
  text: The passage closes with dark blood flowing, fighters dealing death with swords,
    and seeking a noble death by wounds.
  category: action
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
figures:
- id: fig:1
  name_or_label: Trojan force
  description: A force nearing the walls and later pursuing in the cavalry battle.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: fig:2
  name_or_label: Etruscan captains and cavalry / Tuscans
  description: Mounted allies arrayed in ordered squadrons; they twice drive the Rutulians
    toward the town.
  role_refs:
  - role:1
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:6
- id: fig:3
  name_or_label: Messapus
  description: Named leader associated with the Latin horse coming onto the plain.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:4
  name_or_label: Latin horse
  description: Latin cavalry that comes forth against the Trojan and Etruscan force.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:5
- id: fig:5
  name_or_label: Coras and his brother
  description: Named warriors accompanying the opposing cavalry on the plain.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:6
  name_or_label: Camilla and her squadron
  description: A maiden warrior's squadron that comes forth against the Trojan and
    Etruscan force.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
- id: fig:7
  name_or_label: Tyrrhenus
  description: A combatant who charges with crossing spear and is among the first
    to fall.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:8
  name_or_label: Aconteus
  description: A fiery combatant who charges with Tyrrhenus, is hurled from his horse,
    and dies.
  role_refs:
  - role:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: fig:9
  name_or_label: Asilas
  description: A leader who heads and leads on the pursuing squadrons.
  role_refs:
  - role:4
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: fig:10
  name_or_label: Rutulians
  description: Opposing fighters driven toward the town by the Tuscans and then repelling
    them.
  role_refs:
  - role:2
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: fig:11
  name_or_label: Orsilochus
  description: A warrior who hurls a spear at Remulus' horse.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:12
  name_or_label: Remulus
  description: A rider thrown to the ground when his horse is struck.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:13
  name_or_label: Remulus' charger
  description: A horse struck under the ear by Orsilochus' spear; it rears and throws
    its rider.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
- id: fig:14
  name_or_label: Catillus
  description: A warrior who strikes down Iollas and Herminius.
  role_refs:
  - role:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:15
  name_or_label: Iollas
  description: A warrior struck down by Catillus.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
- id: fig:16
  name_or_label: Herminius
  description: A mighty bareheaded, tawny-haired, bare-shouldered warrior struck down
    by Catillus.
  role_refs:
  - role:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:9
roles:
- id: role:1
  label: advancing and pursuing cavalry force
  assigned_to:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  basis: The Trojan force with Etruscan captains approaches the walls and the Trojans
    pursue when the Latins turn.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
- id: role:2
  label: opposing cavalry force
  assigned_to:
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  - fig:10
  basis: These figures are named among the forces coming forth against the Trojans
    and Etruscans or resisting them near the town.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:6
- id: role:3
  label: first fallen combatant
  assigned_to:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  basis: Tyrrhenus and Aconteus are stated to be the first to fall in the battle.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
- id: role:4
  label: pursuit leader
  assigned_to:
  - fig:9
  basis: Asilas heads and leads on the squadrons during the Trojan pursuit.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
- id: role:5
  label: slaying or striking warrior
  assigned_to:
  - fig:11
  - fig:14
  basis: Orsilochus wounds Remulus' horse, and Catillus strikes down Iollas and Herminius.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
- id: role:6
  label: struck or fallen victim
  assigned_to:
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:15
  - fig:16
  basis: Remulus is thrown when his horse is struck; Iollas and Herminius are struck
    down.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
symbols:
- id: sym:1
  label: walls and town gates
  literal_form: walls, gates, town
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:4
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: sym:2
  label: mounted cavalry
  literal_form: horses, cavalry squadrons, chargers
  associated_figures:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:6
  - fig:13
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
  - ev:8
- id: sym:3
  label: spears, lances, javelins, and swords
  literal_form: spears, long lances, javelins, sword
  associated_figures:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  - fig:11
  - fig:14
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:2
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
  - ev:8
  - ev:10
- id: sym:4
  label: shields
  literal_form: shields thrown behind or used as cover while looking back
  associated_figures:
  - fig:4
  - fig:10
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: sym:5
  label: sea ebb and flow image
  literal_form: sea running shoreward, foaming over cliffs, then swirling back and
    sucking stones away
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs:
  - water
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
- id: sym:6
  label: blood of battle
  literal_form: dark blood, deep blood, bodies and armour rolling in blood
  associated_figures: []
  taxonomy_refs: []
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:10
scenes:
- id: scene:1
  label: Cavalry forces assemble on the plain
  summary: Trojan and Etruscan cavalry approach the walls while Latin and allied cavalry,
    including Camilla's squadron, come out to meet them.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:3
  - fig:4
  - fig:5
  - fig:6
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:1
  - ev:2
- id: scene:2
  label: Opening charge and first fall
  summary: The forces come within range, shout, charge, exchange weapons, and Tyrrhenus
    and Aconteus fall in the first violent clash.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:7
  - fig:8
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:3
  - ev:4
- id: scene:3
  label: Alternating pursuit near the town
  summary: The Latins turn toward the town and are pursued, but the movement reverses
    repeatedly; the passage likens the shifts to the sea's ebb and flow.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:1
  - fig:2
  - fig:4
  - fig:9
  - fig:10
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:1
  - sym:4
  - sym:5
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:5
  - ev:6
- id: scene:4
  label: Third encounter and individual combat
  summary: The lines lock together in a third encounter. The battlefield fills with
    blood, armour, bodies, wounded horses, and named fighters striking or falling.
  figure_refs:
  - fig:11
  - fig:12
  - fig:13
  - fig:14
  - fig:15
  - fig:16
  symbol_refs:
  - sym:2
  - sym:3
  - sym:6
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:7
  - ev:8
  - ev:9
  - ev:10
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
  label: ebb-and-flow battle reversal
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The combat reverses repeatedly near the town, and the passage explicitly
    compares the movement to the sea rushing shoreward and swirling back.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a local battle-pattern and simile, not one of the supplied motif-family
    taxonomy labels.
- id: motif:2
  label: first fallen warriors in battle
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Tyrrhenus and Aconteus are singled out as the first to fall in the cavalry
    clash.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:4
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The passage names the first fallen combatants but does not develop a broader
    ritual or mythic pattern.
- id: motif:3
  label: warrior seeking noble death by wounds
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: The closing sentence states that fighters deal death with the sword and seek
    a noble death by wounds.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:10
  confidence: medium
  cautions: The phrase is a martial-heroic value within the battle scene; no specific
    taxonomy family is directly supported.
- id: motif:4
  label: horse struck to unseat rider
  taxonomy_refs: []
  basis: Orsilochus avoids Remulus himself, strikes the horse under the ear, and the
    wounded charger throws its rider.
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:8
  confidence: high
  cautions: This is a tactical combat motif rather than a supplied taxonomy motif
    family.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
  claim: The passage itself compares the cavalry's alternating pursuit and retreat
    to the sea's advance and withdrawal.
  claim_level: visual_similarity
  target: sea ebb-and-flow pattern
  evidence_refs:
  - ev:6
  counter_evidence_refs: []
  confidence: high
  limitations: The comparison is an internal simile only; it does not establish historical
    contact, inheritance, or a separate mythic tradition.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
  type: summary
  locator: 7586-7591
  quote_or_summary: Trojan forces with Etruscan captains and cavalry approach the
    walls in ordered squadrons; hoofs thunder, spears bristle, and arms are uplifted.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:2
  type: summary
  locator: 7591-7596
  quote_or_summary: Messapus, Latin cavalry, Coras and his brother, and Camilla's
    squadron come out on the plain with lances against the approaching force.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:3
  type: summary
  locator: 7596-7600
  quote_or_summary: The forces come within javelin-cast, shout, charge their horses,
    and weapons shower thickly from all sides.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:4
  type: summary
  locator: 7600-7605
  quote_or_summary: Tyrrhenus and Aconteus charge with crossing spears and are the
    first to fall; Aconteus is hurled away and dies.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:5
  type: summary
  locator: 7605-7610
  quote_or_summary: The Latin lines waver, turn their shields behind them, and ride
    toward the town while the Trojans pursue under Asilas.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:6
  type: summary
  locator: 7610-7619
  quote_or_summary: Near the gates the Latins reverse the pursuit; the back-and-forth
    movement is compared to sea waves rushing shoreward and then swirling back. Twice
    the Tuscans drive the Rutulians townward, and twice they are repelled.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:7
  type: summary
  locator: 7619-7623
  quote_or_summary: In the third encounter the lines lock together; men fight man
    to man, and armour, bodies, wounded horses, and slain men roll in blood.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:8
  type: summary
  locator: 7623-7628
  quote_or_summary: Orsilochus throws his spear at Remulus' horse rather than Remulus;
    the wounded horse rears and throws Remulus to the ground.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:9
  type: summary
  locator: 7628-7633
  quote_or_summary: Catillus strikes down Iollas and Herminius; Herminius is described
    as mighty, bareheaded, tawny-haired, bare-shouldered, and exposed to wounds.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
- id: ev:10
  type: summary
  locator: 7633-7636
  quote_or_summary: A spear pierces Herminius' shoulders; dark blood flows everywhere,
    and fighters deal death by sword while seeking noble death by wounds.
  source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
  rights_note: Public domain source; concise summary used.
confidence:
  extraction: high
  motif_candidates: medium
  comparison_claims: high
  notes: The passage is a concrete battle narrative with explicit simile. Motif labels
    are descriptive because the supplied taxonomy does not include a direct cavalry-battle
    family.
reviewer_status:
  status: needs_review
  reviewer: ''
  reviewed_at: ''
  notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
  Line locators in evidence are approximate subdivisions of the supplied stable range; no external sources or comparisons were used.
  batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
  custom_id=motif_extract:roman-aeneid-mackail-gutenberg__l7586-l7627
  passage_sha256=ef55ee427f19003c1a1010ea55947e7d12de1e2e339117b9562192e83202096b