batch.motif.roman-aeneid-mackail-gutenberg-l6569-l6643
---
record_id: batch.motif.roman-aeneid-mackail-gutenberg-l6569-l6643
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
passage_locator:
label: BOOK NINTH / THE SIEGE OF THE TROJAN CAMP / BOOK TENTH / THE BATTLE ON THE
BEACH; lines 6569-6643
start: '6569'
end: '6643'
translation: The Aeneid of Virgil
notes: Generated from OpenAI Batch run motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority;
human review required.
canonical_text:
quote: ''
summary: Aeneas lands allied forces from ships onto the Latin shore. Tarchon drives
his ship aground, but his galley breaks apart and its crew is caught among waves
and wreckage. Turnus arrays the Latins against the beach. Aeneas and other warriors
kill named opponents in close combat, while Venus turns aside some darts aimed
at Aeneas. The battle is compared to opposing winds, clouds, and sea locked in
balance. Elsewhere Pallas rallies retreating Arcadians trapped between the enemy
and the sea, urging them to cut a path through the foe rather than flee.
language: English
quote_policy: summarized
literal_observations:
- id: obs:1
text: Aeneas lands allies from high ships by gangways, while some men leap into
shallow water and others descend by the oars.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- id: obs:2
text: Tarchon orders his crew to drive the ship onto hostile land and says he will
allow the vessel to break if it reaches shore.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- id: obs:3
text: Tarchon's galley strikes a shoal, breaks up, and lands its crew among waves,
broken oars, and floating thwarts; the ebbing wave pulls at their feet.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: obs:4
text: Turnus moves his army against the Trojans and arranges it facing the beach;
trumpets sound.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: obs:5
text: Aeneas attacks the Latin squadrons and kills several named opponents, including
Theron, Lichas, Cisseus, Gyas, Pharus, Cydon, and Maeon.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: obs:6
text: Seven brothers, children of Phorcus, send a sevenfold shower of darts at Aeneas;
some fail against his armor, and Venus turns some aside as they graze him.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: obs:7
text: Aeneas asks Achates for weapons and declares that no weapon once used against
Greeks at Ilium will be hurled in vain against a Rutulian.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: obs:8
text: Aeneas' spear passes through Maeon's shield, corslet, and breast, then through
Alcanor's arm as Alcanor supports his brother.
category: sequence
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: obs:9
text: Numitor takes his dead brother's javelin and aims at Aeneas, but only grazes
Achates on the thigh.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: obs:10
text: Clausus kills Dryops by piercing his throat and also kills three Thracians
and three men from Ismarus.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: obs:11
text: The Trojan and Latin ranks fight on the edge of Ausonia, pressed foot to foot
and man to man.
category: setting
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: obs:12
text: The battle is likened to opposing winds in the upper air, with clouds and
sea also not yielding, so that everything remains locked in balance.
category: other
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: obs:13
text: Pallas sees the Arcadians retreating before the Latins in rough ground where
they had been forced to dismount.
category: action
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- id: obs:14
text: Pallas rallies the Arcadians by invoking bravery, Evander's name, prior campaigns,
and his own hope of rivaling his father's honor.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
- id: obs:15
text: Pallas tells the Arcadians that the sea blocks them and land gives no path
for flight, so they must cut through the enemy.
category: speech
evidence_refs:
- ev:17
figures:
- id: fig:1
name_or_label: Aeneas
description: Leader who lands allies, charges the Latin squadrons, kills named opponents,
receives divine protection from Venus, and calls to Achates for weapons.
role_refs:
- role:1
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:5
- ev:8
- ev:9
- id: fig:2
name_or_label: Tarchon
description: Commander who steers toward shore, urges his crew to row the ship onto
land, and whose galley breaks on a shoal.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: fig:3
name_or_label: Tarchon's crew
description: Chosen crew who row toward the Latin fields and are landed among waves
and wreckage when the galley breaks.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: fig:4
name_or_label: Turnus
description: Leader who hurries his whole array against the Trojans and sets it
facing the beach.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- id: fig:5
name_or_label: Theron
description: Giant challenger killed by Aeneas as an omen of battle.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:6
name_or_label: Lichas
description: Man cut from his dead mother and consecrated to Phoebus, killed by
Aeneas.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- id: fig:7
name_or_label: Cisseus and Gyas
description: Brawny and vast warriors whose clubs were mowing down whole files before
Aeneas killed them.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:8
name_or_label: Pharus
description: Warrior struck in the shouting mouth by a hurled javelin while making
weak boasts.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:6
- id: fig:9
name_or_label: Cydon
description: Youth with golden down on his cheeks, struck down by Aeneas while following
Clytius.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:7
- id: fig:10
name_or_label: Children of Phorcus
description: Seven brothers who intervene and send a sevenfold shower of darts against
Aeneas.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:11
name_or_label: Venus
description: Divine figure who turns aside some darts as they graze Aeneas' body.
role_refs:
- role:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: fig:12
name_or_label: Achates
description: Trusted companion called by Aeneas for weapons; later grazed on the
thigh by Numitor's cast.
role_refs:
- role:8
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- ev:11
- id: fig:13
name_or_label: Maeon
description: Warrior whose shield, corslet, and breast are pierced by Aeneas' spear.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:14
name_or_label: Alcanor
description: Brother who supports the sinking Maeon and has his arm pierced by the
same spear.
role_refs:
- role:9
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- id: fig:15
name_or_label: Numitor
description: Brother who takes a dead brother's javelin and aims at Aeneas, grazing
Achates instead.
role_refs:
- role:9
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:11
- id: fig:16
name_or_label: Clausus of Cures
description: Warrior confident in strength who kills Dryops and six additional opponents.
role_refs:
- role:1
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: fig:17
name_or_label: Dryops
description: Warrior killed by Clausus when a spear pierces his throat and stops
both speech and life.
role_refs:
- role:6
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- id: fig:18
name_or_label: Halesus, Auruncan troops, and Messapus
description: Forces and leaders who come up during the battle on the edge of Ausonia;
Messapus is called seed of Neptune and is charioted.
role_refs:
- role:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:13
- id: fig:19
name_or_label: Pallas
description: Leader who sees the Arcadians giving way and exhorts them to courage
when trapped between enemy and sea.
role_refs:
- role:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- ev:16
- ev:17
- id: fig:20
name_or_label: Arcadians
description: Troops unused to infantry movement, retreating before the Latin pursuit
until Pallas rallies them.
role_refs:
- role:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- ev:16
- ev:17
- id: fig:21
name_or_label: Latins / Latin pursuit
description: Opposing troops fighting the Trojans and pursuing the Arcadians.
role_refs:
- role:7
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:13
- ev:15
- id: fig:22
name_or_label: Evander
description: Named by Pallas as his leader and father, whose name and honor are
invoked in the exhortation.
role_refs:
- role:10
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
roles:
- id: role:1
label: battle champion
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:16
basis: These figures kill multiple named opponents in close combat.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:10
- ev:12
- id: role:2
label: rallying leader
assigned_to:
- fig:2
- fig:19
basis: Tarchon exhorts his crew to land the ship; Pallas exhorts retreating Arcadians
to stand and cut through the foe.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:16
- ev:17
- id: role:3
label: endangered followers
assigned_to:
- fig:3
- fig:20
basis: Tarchon's crew is landed amid wreckage and waves; the Arcadians are retreating
and trapped by the sea.
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- ev:15
- ev:17
- id: role:4
label: opposing commander or force leader
assigned_to:
- fig:4
- fig:18
basis: Turnus ranges the array against the beach; Halesus and Messapus come up with
troops in the battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:13
- id: role:5
label: divine protector
assigned_to:
- fig:1
- fig:11
basis: Venus turns aside darts as they graze Aeneas.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: role:6
label: fallen opponent
assigned_to:
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:13
- fig:17
basis: These figures are described as killed or struck down in battle.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:10
- ev:12
- id: role:7
label: attacking opponent
assigned_to:
- fig:10
- fig:15
- fig:21
basis: These figures or groups attack Aeneas' side or pursue his allies.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- ev:11
- ev:15
- id: role:8
label: trusted companion
assigned_to:
- fig:12
basis: Aeneas calls Achates trusty and asks him for weapons.
evidence_refs:
- ev:9
- id: role:9
label: brother in battlefield sequence
assigned_to:
- fig:14
- fig:15
basis: Alcanor supports his brother after Aeneas' strike; Numitor takes his dead
brother's javelin.
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: role:10
label: invoked father and leader
assigned_to:
- fig:22
basis: Pallas invokes Evander's name and says he hopes to rival his father's honor.
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
symbols:
- id: sym:1
label: sea barrier
literal_form: deep sea, shoal water, tide, waves, ocean
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
- fig:19
- fig:20
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:17
- id: sym:2
label: broken landing vessel
literal_form: Tarchon's galley broken on a shoal with broken oars and floating thwarts
associated_figures:
- fig:2
- fig:3
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:3
- id: sym:3
label: sevenfold darts
literal_form: seven brothers sending a sevenfold shower of darts
associated_figures:
- fig:10
- fig:1
- fig:11
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: sym:4
label: storm conflict image
literal_form: adverse winds, clouds, and sea locked in doubtful struggle
associated_figures:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:21
taxonomy_refs:
- water
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
- id: sym:5
label: ancestral honor
literal_form: Evander's name and Pallas' hope to rival his father's honor
associated_figures:
- fig:19
- fig:22
taxonomy_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
scenes:
- id: scene:1
label: Landing on the Latin shore
summary: Aeneas' allies disembark from ships; Tarchon drives his vessel toward land,
but his galley breaks on a shoal and its crew is cast among waves and wreckage.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:2
- fig:3
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:2
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- id: scene:2
label: Battle begins at the beach
summary: Turnus arrays the Latins against the beach, trumpets sound, and Aeneas
charges and kills several named opponents.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:4
- fig:5
- fig:6
- fig:7
- fig:8
- fig:9
- fig:21
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:4
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- id: scene:3
label: Seven brothers attack Aeneas
summary: The seven children of Phorcus send darts at Aeneas; some are ineffective,
and Venus turns aside others.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:10
- fig:11
symbol_refs:
- sym:3
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
- id: scene:4
label: Brothers struck by one spear
summary: Aeneas' spear pierces Maeon and then Alcanor's supporting arm; Numitor
retaliates with a dead brother's javelin and grazes Achates.
figure_refs:
- fig:1
- fig:12
- fig:13
- fig:14
- fig:15
symbol_refs: []
evidence_refs:
- ev:10
- ev:11
- id: scene:5
label: Clash of armies at Ausonia
summary: Clausus kills Dryops and other opponents; leaders and troops arrive, and
the Trojan and Latin ranks fight closely, compared to adverse winds and sea locked
in balance.
figure_refs:
- fig:16
- fig:17
- fig:18
- fig:21
symbol_refs:
- sym:4
evidence_refs:
- ev:12
- ev:13
- ev:14
- id: scene:6
label: Pallas rallies the Arcadians
summary: Pallas sees Arcadians retreating on rough ground, invokes Evander and ancestral
honor, and tells them that the sea prevents flight so they must cut through the
enemy.
figure_refs:
- fig:19
- fig:20
- fig:21
- fig:22
symbol_refs:
- sym:1
- sym:5
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- ev:16
- ev:17
candidate_motifs:
- id: motif:1
label: dangerous amphibious landing under pressure
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The passage centers on troops landing from ships at a hostile shore, including
a deliberate grounding and one galley breaking apart in the waves.
evidence_refs:
- ev:1
- ev:2
- ev:3
- ev:4
confidence: high
cautions: This is a tactical battle episode, not necessarily a ritualized voyage
or ark motif.
- id: motif:2
label: leader sacrifices or risks vessel to reach land
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Tarchon urges the ship forward and says he will allow it to break if it reaches
the land; the galley then breaks on a shoal.
evidence_refs:
- ev:2
- ev:3
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage does not present the vessel's destruction as formal sacrifice;
the label is descriptive.
- id: motif:3
label: heroic aristeia of named battlefield kills
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Aeneas and Clausus are described killing multiple named warriors in rapid
sequence.
evidence_refs:
- ev:5
- ev:6
- ev:7
- ev:10
- ev:12
confidence: high
cautions: No supplied taxonomy reference directly matches the battlefield aristeia
pattern.
- id: motif:4
label: divine deflection of weapons protecting a hero
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The seven brothers' darts are launched against Aeneas, and Venus turns aside
some as they graze him.
evidence_refs:
- ev:8
confidence: high
cautions: The passage states the divine intervention but does not explicitly state
Venus' relationship to Aeneas in this excerpt.
- id: motif:5
label: trapped warriors rallied between enemy and sea
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: Pallas tells retreating Arcadians that the deep sea blocks flight and urges
them to cut a way through the enemy.
evidence_refs:
- ev:15
- ev:16
- ev:17
confidence: high
cautions: This is a battlefield exhortation rather than a clear initiation or return
motif.
- id: motif:6
label: ancestral honor as spur to courage
taxonomy_refs:
- royal_legitimacy
basis: Pallas invokes Evander's name and his own hope of rivaling his father's honor
while rallying his troops.
evidence_refs:
- ev:16
confidence: medium
cautions: The passage uses paternal honor for exhortation; it does not stage a formal
accession or kingship rite.
- id: motif:7
label: battle compared to cosmic or elemental opposition
taxonomy_refs: []
basis: The fighting ranks are compared to adverse winds, clouds, and sea that do
not yield and remain locked in counterpoise.
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
confidence: medium
cautions: The comparison is an epic simile within the passage, not a separate mythic
event.
comparison_claims:
- id: claim:1
claim: The passage explicitly compares the balanced clash of Trojan and Latin ranks
to adverse winds, clouds, and sea locked in struggle.
claim_level: visual_similarity
target: elemental storm-conflict simile
evidence_refs:
- ev:14
counter_evidence_refs: []
confidence: high
limitations: This is an internal simile supplied by the passage, not evidence for
historical contact or shared origin with another tradition.
evidence:
- id: ev:1
type: summary
locator: lines 6569-6573
quote_or_summary: Aeneas lands allies by gangways; some leap into shoal water and
others slide down oars.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:2
type: summary
locator: lines 6573-6582
quote_or_summary: Tarchon steers toward a smooth stretch of shore and urges his
crew to row hard, saying he will let his vessel break if it reaches land.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:3
type: summary
locator: lines 6582-6590
quote_or_summary: The ships reach dry land unharmed except Tarchon's galley, which
strikes a shoal, breaks up, and leaves its crew tangled in wreckage and waves.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:4
type: summary
locator: lines 6591-6594
quote_or_summary: Turnus hurries his army against the Trojans, arranges it facing
the beach, and the trumpets sound.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:5
type: summary
locator: lines 6594-6601
quote_or_summary: Aeneas charges the Latin squadrons and kills Theron and Lichas.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:6
type: summary
locator: lines 6601-6608
quote_or_summary: Aeneas kills Cisseus and Gyas, whose clubs were mowing down files,
and Pharus is struck in the shouting mouth by a javelin.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:7
type: summary
locator: lines 6608-6614
quote_or_summary: Cydon, following Clytius and described as youthful, is struck
down by Aeneas before the seven children of Phorcus intervene.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:8
type: summary
locator: lines 6614-6618
quote_or_summary: Seven children of Phorcus launch a sevenfold shower of darts;
some glance off Aeneas' helmet and shield, and Venus turns aside some grazing
his body.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:9
type: summary
locator: lines 6618-6622
quote_or_summary: Aeneas calls to trusty Achates for weapons and says no weapon
used on Greek bodies at Ilium will be thrown in vain at a Rutulian.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:10
type: summary
locator: lines 6622-6628
quote_or_summary: Aeneas throws a spear through Maeon's shield, corslet, and breast;
Alcanor supports Maeon and the same spear passes through Alcanor's arm.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:11
type: summary
locator: lines 6628-6631
quote_or_summary: Numitor seizes his dead brother's javelin and aims at Aeneas,
but only grazes Achates on the thigh.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:12
type: summary
locator: lines 6631-6638
quote_or_summary: Clausus kills Dryops by piercing his throat, then three Thracians
and three men from Ismarus fall before him.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:13
type: summary
locator: lines 6638-6643
quote_or_summary: Halesus, Auruncan troops, and charioted Messapus come up; both
sides struggle to drive back the enemy on the edge of Ausonia.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:14
type: summary
locator: lines 6643-6650 within supplied passage
quote_or_summary: The clash is compared to opposing winds in the air, with clouds
and sea not yielding, and the Trojan and Latin ranks pressed foot to foot.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:15
type: summary
locator: lines 6651-6657 within supplied passage
quote_or_summary: In another quarter, amid a torrent-cut path of stones and torn
bushes, Pallas sees Arcadians retreating because rough ground forces them to dismount.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:16
type: summary
locator: lines 6657-6666 within supplied passage
quote_or_summary: Pallas exhorts the Arcadians by their bravery, Evander's name,
former campaigns, and his hope of equaling his father's honor.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
- id: ev:17
type: summary
locator: lines 6666-6672 within supplied passage
quote_or_summary: Pallas tells them to hew a path through the enemy and says the
deep sea shuts them in while land offers no flight.
source_text_path: texts/public-domain/roman/project-gutenberg/aeneid-mackail.md
rights_note: Public domain translation; summarized.
confidence:
extraction: medium
motif_candidates: medium
comparison_claims: high
notes: Extraction is based only on the supplied passage. Some evidence locators
extend beyond the initial stated line end because the supplied passage includes
text after the labeled 6643 endpoint; those are marked as within the supplied
passage.
reviewer_status:
status: needs_review
reviewer: ''
reviewed_at: ''
notes: Machine-generated draft from OpenAI Batch; not human-reviewed.
extracted_by: openai_batch:gpt-5.5
extracted_at: '2026-04-28'
notes: |-
No external taxonomy IDs or cross-tradition parallels were added beyond the supplied taxonomy references and the passage's own storm simile.
batch_run_id=motif-extraction-2026-04-28-high-priority
custom_id=motif_extract:roman-aeneid-mackail-gutenberg__l6569-l6643
passage_sha256=3bf2454153fa6cb5c2688dcc6045578aacbead7e3e98dcaeea55510bd5e98d9c